Identifying, quantifying, and mitigating background with the time-resolved x-ray diffraction platform at NIF
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Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Bradley, D K.
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The National Diagnostic Working Group (NDWG) has led the effort to fully exploit the major inertial confinement fusion/high-energy density facilities in the US with the best available diagnostics. These diagnostics provide key data used to falsify early theories for ignition and suggest new theories, recently leading to an experiment that exceeds the Lawson condition required for ignition. The factors contributing to the success of the NDWG, collaboration and scope evolution, and the methods of accomplishment of the NDWG are discussed in this Review. Examples of collaborations in neutron and gamma spectroscopy, x-ray and neutron imaging, x-ray spectroscopy, and deep-ultraviolet Thomson scattering are given. Here, an abbreviated history of the multi-decade collaborations and the present semiformal management framework is given together with the latest National Diagnostic Plan.
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Crystal x–ray imaging is commonly used in inertial confinement fusion and laser-plasma interaction applications as it has advantages compared to pinhole imaging, such as higher signal throughput, better achievable spatial resolution, and chromatic selection. Yet, currently used x–ray detectors are only able to obtain a single time resolved image per crystal. The dilation aided single–line–of–sight x–ray camera described here was designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and combines two recent diagnostic developments, the pulse dilation principle used in the dilation x-ray imager and a ns–scale multi-frame camera that uses a hold and readout circuit for each pixel. This enables multiple images to be taken from a single–line–of–sight with high spatial and temporal resolution. Presently, the instrument can record two single–line–of–sight images with spatial and temporal resolution of 35 μm and down to 35 ps, respectively, with a planned upgrade doubling the number of images to four. Here we present the dilation aided single–line–of–sight camera for the NIF, including the x–ray characterization measurements obtained at the COMET laser, as well as the results from the initial timing shot on the NIF.
We apply a cascaded linear model analysis to a micro-channel plate x-ray framing camera. We establish a theoretical expression of the Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) at the detector’s output and assess its accuracy by comparing it to the NPS of Monte Carlo simulations of the detector’s response to a uniform illumination. We also reflect that fitting the NPS of experimental data against a parametric model based on this expression can yield valuable information on the imaging ability of framing cameras, offering an alternative method to the usual avenue employed to measure their modulation transfer functions.
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