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Park, H.

Publications and source records attributed to Park, H..

At least 19 records

Integration of Online Cross-Section Generation Capability with Depletion and Transient Solvers in Griffin

Griffin is a Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE)-based reactor multiphysics analysis application jointly developed by Argonne and Idaho National Laboratories under the DOENE Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. In FY25, an online crosssection generation capability based on the Self-Shielding Application Programming Interface (SSAPI) was demonstrated for TRISO-fueled reactor problems under steady-state conditions. This fiscal year, that capability was extended to support depletion and transient multiphysics calculations, enabling high-fidelity analyses that generate self-shielded cross sections on the fly from the actual evolving composition and temperature states rather than from pre-tabulated libraries. For depletion, a two-way coupling was established in which SSAPI computes compact-averaged self-shielded cross sections that the depletion solver then uses to advance the Bateman equations, with the updated compositions returned to SSAPI at each step; the depletion module was refactored to support both library-based and SSAPI-based cross sections, and additional logic was added to track daughter isotopes and to exclude minor isotopes for efficiency. For transient analysis, the SSAPI multigroup library was extended with the kinetics data required for time-dependent calculations, the Improved Quasi-Static (IQS) scheme was coupled with SSAPI, and several supporting capabilities were implemented, including a self-shielding treatment that lets control rods and drums move within a self-shielded model, which had previously been impossible and had ruled out rod- and drum-movement transients with on-the-fly cross sections altogether, a new mixing scheme for delayed-neutron precursor decay constants, a checkpoint-based restart workflow, and performance improvements such as pointwise cross-section interpolation and the bypassing of unnecessary Dancoff factor calculations. The implemented capabilities were verified against Serpent Monte Carlo solutions. For depletion, a prismatic pin-cell problem based on a Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Very High Temperature Reactor benchmark showed excellent agreement, with eigenvalue differences within 200 pcm over the entire burnup range (up to 140 MWD/kgU) and fission-product and actinide inventories agreeing to within 0.8% and 2.5%, respectively; a heat-pipe microreactor assembly problem with a much higher fuel loading confirmed the same behavior and quantified the bias introduced when the multigroup equivalence effect is neglected. For transient analysis, a pin-cell problem with a step reactivity insertion and temperature feedback reproduced the analytically expected asymptotic power and showed close agreement between the direct and IQS solutions, and a two-dimensional microreactor core problem with control-drum rotation exercised the new moving-drum self-shielding treatment and demonstrated successful coupling of the online crosssection generation with both the direct and IQS transient methods. The capability was further exercised on a full-core pebble-bed problem, in which Griffin was coupled with the System Analysis Module (SAM) to simulate load-following operation of the gPBR with the Doppler feedback resolved at the TRISO fuel kernel temperature. These developments in Griffin provide a convenient, high-fidelity approach to cross-section generation for advanced thermal reactors with geometrically complex and highly heterogeneous configurations, including TRISO-fueled prismatic and pebble-bed systems, and support steady-state, depletion, and transient multiphysics calculations. They also enable self-shielded cross sections to be evaluated directly at the actual coupled state of the system, thereby establishing a foundation for high-fidelity, fully coupled multiphysics analysis of advanced reactors

Park, H.↗

Pressure tuning of Kitaev spin liquid candidate Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$goo

The search for Kitaev's quantum spin liquid (KQSL) state in real materials has recently expanded with the prediction that honeycomb lattices of divalent, high-spin cobalt ions could host the dominant bond-dependent exchange interactions required to stabilize the elusive entangled quantum state. The layered honeycomb Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$ has been singled out as a leading candidate provided that the trigonal crystal field acting on Co $3d$ orbitals, which enhances non-Kitaev exchange interactions between $J_{\rm eff}=\frac{1}{2}$ spin-orbital pseudospins, is reduced. We find that applied pressure leads to anisotropic compression of the layered structure, significantly reducing the trigonal distortion of CoO$_6$ octahedra. A strong enhancement of ferromagnetic correlations between pseudospins is observed in the spin-polarized (3 Tesla) phase up to about 60 GPa. Higher pressures drive a spin transition into a low-spin state destroying the $J_{\rm eff}=\frac{1}{2}$ local moments required to map the spin Hamiltonian into Kitaev's model. The spin transition strongly suppresses the low-temperature magnetic susceptibility and appears to stabilize a paramagnetic phase driven by frustration. Although applied pressure fails to realize a KQSL state, the possible emergence of frustrated magnetism of localized, low-spin $S=\frac{1}{2}$ moments opens the door for exploration of novel magnetic quantum states in compressed honeycomb lattices of divalent cobaltates.

FOS: Physical sciences↗

Transfer of EP and Doping Technology for PIP-II HB650 Cavities from Fermilab to Industry

Fermilab has optimized the surface processing conditions for PIP-II high beta 650 MHz cavities. This encompasses conditions for bulk electropolishing, heat treatment, nitrogen doping, post-doping final electropolishing, and post-processing surface rinsing. The technology has been effectively transitioned to industry. This paper highlights the efforts made to fine-tune the process and to smoothly share them with the partner labs and an associated vendor.

Chouhan, V.↗

The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of LB650 cavities

The PIP-II project’s LB650 cavities could potentially be vulnerable to mechanical deformation because of the geometric shape of the cavity due to reduced beta. The mechanical property of the niobium half-cell was measured following various heat treatments. The 5-cell cavities were tested in a controlled drop test fashion and the real-world road test. The result showed that the 900 C heat treatment was compatible with cavity handling and transportation during production. The test provides the bases of the transportation specification and shipping container design guidelines.

Holzbauer, J.↗

The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of LB650 Cavities

The PIP-II project's LB650 cavities could potentially be vulnerable to mechanical deformation because of the geometric shape of the cavity due to reduced beta. The mechanical property of the niobium half-cell was measured following various heat treatments. The 5-cell cavities were tested in a controlled drop test fashion and the real-world road test. The result showed that the 900 $\deg$C heat treatment was compatible with cavity handling and transportation during production. The test provides the bases of the transportation specification and shipping container design guidelines.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Electropolishing parameters study for surface smoothening of low-$\beta$650 MHz five-cell niobium superconducting radio frequency cavity

Electropolishing (EP) is applied to niobium (Nb) superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, which are used in particle accelerators for their surface treatment. The EP process for 1.3 GHz cavities has been extensively studied earlier. In this work, a parametric study on EP of low-β (0.61) 650 MHz Nb SRF cavities (LB650), which will be used in pre-production cryomodule for proton improvement plan-II (PIP-II) linear accelerator, was conducted to determine adequate EP conditions for attaining a smooth surface of the cavities. EP performed with the standard parameters and an initial cathode (cathode-I) having a cathode surface area of ~5% of the cavity surface area yielded a rough equator surface of the cavity. The grain step height on the equator weld position was measured to be ~ 32 μm. The rough surface was attributed to preferential grain etching confirmed by a polarization curve showing a linear relationship between the EP current and voltage and the absence of the current plateau region. The cathode was modified to make its surface area twice that of cathode-I. The modified cathode (cathode-M) provided a current plateau region in the corresponding I-V curves measured at different cavity temperatures. The onset voltage for the plateau was found to be higher at higher cavity temperatures. Here this study revealed that even with cathode-M, the standard 18 V was low for EP of such large-sized cavities when the cavity temperature was 18 °C. EP performed at a higher voltage of 22–24.5 V with cathode-M yielded a smooth surface with a grain step height of only 0.6 μm. The applied EP conditions also improved removal uniformity along the cavity length. In contrast to the cavity treated with cathode-I, the cavities treated with cathode-M achieved a significantly higher accelerating gradient (E acc ) in vertical tests conducted in a cryostat at 2 K. The modified EP was found efficient to produce the cavities that achieved E acc of 22.4 MV/m, required by PIP II project in the baseline RF tests, to qualify for further surface processing used to enhance their quality factors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

The development of a high-resolution Eulerian radiation-hydrodynamics simulation capability for laser-driven Hohlraums

Hohlraums are hollow cylindrical cavities with high-Z material walls used to convert laser energy into uniform x-ray radiation drives for inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions and high energy density physics experiments. Credible computational modeling of hohlraums requires detailed modeling and coupling of laser physics, hydrodynamics, radiation transport, heat transport, and atomic physics. We report on improvements to Los Alamos National Laboratory's xRAGE radiation-hydrodynamics code in order to enable hohlraum modeling. xRAGE's Eulerian hydrodynamics and adaptive mesh refinement make it uniquely well suited to study the impacts of multiscale features in hohlraums. In order to provide confidence in this new modeling capability, we demonstrate xRAGE's ability to produce reasonable agreement with data from several benchmark hohlraum experiments. We also use xRAGE to perform integrated simulations of a recent layered high density carbon capsule implosion on the National Ignition Facility in order to evaluate the potential impacts of the capsule support tent, mixed cell conductivity methodologies, plasma transport, and cross-beam energy transfer (XBT). We find that XBT, seeded by plasma flows in the laser entrance hole (LEH), causes a slight decrease in energy coupling to the capsule and that all of these impact the symmetry of the x-ray drive such that they have an appreciable impact on the capsule implosion shape.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Study on Electropolishing Conditions for 650 MHz Niobium SRF Cavity

The PIP II linear accelerator includes different types of niobium SRF cavities including 650 MHz elliptical low (0.61) and high (0.92) beta cavities. The elliptical cavity surface is processed with the electropolishing method. The elliptical cavities especially the low-$\beta$ 650 MHz cavities showed a rough equator surface after the EP was per-formed with the standard EP conditions. This work was focused to study the effect of different EP parameters, including cathode surface area, temperature and voltage, and optimize them to improve the cavity surface.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Efficient Source of Shaped Single Photons Based on an Integrated Diamond Nanophotonic System

An efficient, scalable source of shaped single photons that can be directly integrated with optical fiber networks and quantum memories is at the heart of many protocols in quantum information science. We demonstrate a deterministic source of arbitrarily temporally shaped single-photon pulses with high efficiency [detection efficiency = 14.9 %] and purity [g (2) (0) = 0.0168] and streams of up to 11 consecutively detected single photons using a silicon-vacancy center in a highly directional fiber-integrated diamond nanophotonic cavity. Finally, combined with previously demonstrated spin-photon entangling gates, this system enables on-demand generation of streams of correlated photons such as cluster states and could be used as a resource for robust transmission and processing of quantum information.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Demonstration of MOOSE-based Griffin reactor physics, code for heterogeneous lead-cooled fast reactor analysis

The MOOSE-based reactor physics code Griffin was assessed on a heterogeneous pin-resolved model of a prototype lead-cooled fast reactor assembly. This model was developed in preparation for future use in MOOSE-based multiphysics calculations for computing hot channel factors. Heterogeneous multigroup cross sections were prepared using the fast reactor multi-group cross section processing code MC{sup 2}-3 using a two-step method. Griffin simulations were performed using the DFEM-SN solver on 576 cores on Argonne's LCRC cluster. Diffusion-based acceleration methods were applied (NDA and CMFD). Reference solutions were generated with continuous energy MCNP and the hybrid MOC/finite element solver PROTEUS-MOC for code-to-code comparison. Space-angle convergence studies were conducted to observe convergence in k-eigenvalue and axial pin power distributions. The fully resolved Griffin calculation was within 68 pcm of the MCNP eigenvalue and exhibited max 1.2% relative error in the axial pin power distribution. Griffin produced nearly identical results to PROTEUS-MOC when using the same 9-group multigroup cross-section set. Griffin demonstrated favorable scaling in wall-clock time and memory usage when using diffusion-based acceleration methods. Griffin is capable of simulating the pin-resolved heterogeneous LFR assembly with good accuracy and performance, and is suitable for future use in coupled high-fidelity hot channel factor simulations. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

Cell Dancoff-based embedded self-shielding capability for doubly heterogeneous particulate fuels in SCALE/Polaris

Polaris is a two-dimensional (2D) transport lattice physics capability in the SCALE code system for light-water reactor (LWR) analysis. SCALE/Polaris is being extended to treat doubly heterogeneous particulate fuels in LWRs with accident-tolerant fuels and prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) fuel. Recently, a Dancoff-based Wigner-Seitz approximation capability based on the embedded self-shielding method (DWA-ESSM) was implemented into Polaris for efficient computation. A new double heterogeneity treatment capability based on DWA-ESSM in conjunction with the Hebert's collision probability method for double heterogeneity was developed and implemented for Polaris. The new capability was verified by performing benchmark calculations for the prismatic HTGR fuel compact problems with various design parameters through a code-to-code comparison between the Polaris and continuous-energy Monte Carlo results. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

Toward holistic understanding of the ITER-like resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) ELM control on KSTAR

Here, KSTAR has clarified a set of unresolved 3D physics issues utilizing the ITER-like in-vessel, three-row, resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) configurations. Since RMP-driven, edge-localized-modes (ELMs)-crash control elevates the divertor heat flux peak through its impact on edge plasma parameters and transport, a series of intentionally misaligned RMP configurations (IMCs) have been explored to investigate the relationship between RMP ELM control and divertor heat fluxes, while searching for an ideal IMC that could be favorable in both aspects. First of all, the contrasting influence of kink vs anti-kink phasing on the ELM-crash suppression has been articulated, demonstrating the synergistic benefit of 'kink' phasing on ELM-crash-suppression. On the other hand, the three-row IMC in the anti-kink phasing becomes more insensitive to the ELM-crashes at the sub-marginal level of RMP, consistent with theory. Meanwhile, the divertor 'wetted' area of ELM-crash-suppression gets narrower than that of ELM-crash-mitigation, suggesting that ELM-crash-mitigation remains advantageous over ELM-crash-suppression in terms of time-averaged divertor thermal loading. In comparison, based on a set of two-row IMCs, no evidence of divertor heat flux broadening was found during ELM-crash-suppression, supporting a hypothesis that the dispersal of the divertor heat flux in three-row IMCs cannot be driven by helically structured two-row RMPs alone. Among ITER-like three-rows, lower two-row RMPs have been found to be much more effective in suppressing the ELM-crashes than upper two-row RMPs. Although it is quite preliminary, the up/down asymmetric dependence of RMP coupling may be generically attributed to lower-single-null plasmas. Such a holistic understanding of RMP-driven, ELM-crash-control in KSTAR is expected not only to elucidate various subtle points in the vicinity of ELM-crash-suppression, but also to clarify the relevant divertor thermal loading issues for ITER and beyond.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Particulate Fuel Modeling of MC 2 -3 using Iterative Local Spatial Self-shielding Method

We report a new spatial self-shielding method for particulate fuels has been developed based on disadvantage factors and implemented in the MC 2 -3 code. This method named the iterative local spatial self-shielding (ILSS) method considers the shadowing effect of randomly distributed particles on spatial self-shielding in particles through a homogenized composition region added outside the particle of interest at the center. The self-shielded cross sections of the central particle are determined iteratively since they are used in determining the cross sections of the homogenized composition region. The ILSS method was verified for infinite stochastic medium problems of single and multiple types of particles, VHTR unit cell problems, and HTTR assembly problems. The verification test results show that the ILSS method accurately predicts the stochastic particle shadowing effect and reaction rates in particles, whereas the regular array model and the stochastic collision probability method underpredict the particle shadowing effect and overestimate reaction rates in particles.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Magnetic ground states of a model for M Nb 3 S 6 ( M = Co, Fe, Ni)

The transition-metal-intercalated dichalcogenide CoNb 3 S 6 is a triangular antiferromagnet (AFM) that has recently been shown to exhibit a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) below the Neel temperature, even though the response to an external field is very small. This suggests that there is an interesting magnetic structure that interacts with the electronic structure to yield the AHE, as collinear AFMs cannot exhibit a nonzero AHE. We propose a model for magnetic transition-metal-intercalated dichalcogenides and examine its ground state as a function of interaction parameters. The model exhibits transitions between planar spin spirals, nonplanar spin spirals, and a particular noncoplanar so-called 3q state. Finally, this latter state must exhibit a nonzero AHE, while the spin spirals do not.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗