Critical speeding up in pure fluids

Abstract

The extreme compressibility of a pure fluid near its critical point significantly affects its bulk dynamic response to temperature changes through adiabatic processes. Equations that describe the dynamics in the absence of gravity are developed, and the magnitude of the effect is illustrated with numerical solutions in one dimension. The results are remarkable: 5 mm of critical xenon, quenched from 20 to 10 mK above its critical temperature, cools by over 99 percent in less than 5 s. Moreover, adiabatic cooling is faster when the fluid is closer to the critical point.