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DOE OSTI · 1961384

Changes in serum-neutralizing antibody potency and breadth post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost

Nair, Manoj S.·Ribeiro, Ruy Miguel·Wang, Maple·Bowen, Anthony D.·Liu, Lihong·Guo, Yicheng·Chang, Jennifer Y.·Wang, Pengfei·Sheng, Zizhang·Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.·Perelson, Alan S.·Huang, Yaoxing·Ho, David D.
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Abstract

A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum-neutralizing antibody responses against multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants elicited by COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic. In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies (nAbs) after second and third doses of the original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Using an authentic virus-neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-nAbs were both ~60 days after second and third vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ≥6 months. A booster dose of the original COVID-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses, in addition to multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the COVID-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESbiological sciencesimmune responseimmunologyvirology

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Nair, Manoj S., Ribeiro, Ruy Miguel, Wang, Maple, Bowen, Anthony D., Liu, Lihong, Guo, Yicheng, Chang, Jennifer Y., Wang, Pengfei, Sheng, Zizhang, Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E., Perelson, Alan S., Huang, Yaoxing, Ho, David D.. 2023-03-06. Changes in serum-neutralizing antibody potency and breadth post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106345

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