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Dark energy survey year 3 results: likelihood-free, simulation-based w CDM inference with neural compression of weak-lensing map statistics

Jeffrey, N [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,]·Whiteway, L [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,]·Gatti, M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Williamson, J [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,]·Alsing, J [Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University , Stockholm SE-106 91 ,] (ORCID:0000000346183546)·Porredon, A [Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, Ruhr University Bochum, German Centre for Cosmological Lensing , D-44780 Bochum ,]·Prat, J [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm ,; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,] (ORCID:0000000259335150)·Doux, C [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,; Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble ,] (ORCID:0000000344800096)·Jain, B [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Chang, C [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,] (ORCID:0000000278870896)·Cheng, T -Y [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm ,]·Kacprzak, T [Department of Physics, ETH Zurich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich ,]·Lemos, P [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm ,]·Alarcon, A [Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439 ,; Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona ,]·Amon, A [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA ,]·Bechtol, K [Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390 ,]·Becker, M R [Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439 ,]·Bernstein, G M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Campos, A [Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15312 ,]·Rosell, A Carnero [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife ,; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro , RJ- 20921-400 ,; Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife ,]·Chen, R [Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708 ,]·Choi, A [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ,]·DeRose, J [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,]·Drlica-Wagner, A [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Eckert, K [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Everett, S [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 ,]·Ferté, A [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,]·Gruen, D [University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich ,]·Gruendl, R A [Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801 ,; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 ,]·Herner, K [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Jarvis, M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·McCullough, J [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,]·Myles, J [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 ,]·Navarro-Alsina, A [Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , SP-13083-859, Campinas ,]·Pandey, S [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Raveri, M [Department of Physics, University of Genova and INFN , Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova ,]·Rollins, R P [Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL ,]·Rykoff, E S [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,]·Sánchez, C [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Secco, L F [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,]·Sevilla-Noarbe, I [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,]·Sheldon, E [Brookhaven National Laboratory , Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973 ,]·Shin, T [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY 11794 ,]·Troxel, M A [Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708 ,]·Tutusaus, I [Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse ,]·Varga, T N [Excellence Cluster Origins , Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching ,; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse , D-85748 Garching ,; Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München ,]·Yanny, B [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Yin, B [Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15312 ,]·Zuntz, J [Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3HJ ,]·Aguena, M [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400 ,]·Allam, S S [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Alves, O [Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,]·Bacon, D [Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX ,]·Bocquet, S [University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich ,]·Brooks, D [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,]·da Costa, L N [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400 ,]·Davis, T M [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072 ,]·De Vicente, J [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,]·Desai, S [Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad , Kandi, Telangana 502285 ,]·Diehl, H T [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Ferrero, I [Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics , University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo ,]·Frieman, J [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·García-Bellido, J [Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid ,]·Gaztanaga, E [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona ,; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX ,; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E- 08034 Barcelona ,]·Giannini, G [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) ,]·Gutierrez, G [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Hinton, S R [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072 ,]·Hollowood, D L [Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064 ,]·Honscheid, K [Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 ,; Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 ,]·Huterer, D [Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,]·James, D J [Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 ,]·Lahav, O [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,]·Lee, S [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 ,]·Marshall, J L [George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 ,]·Mena-Fernández, J [LPSC Grenoble - 53 , Avenue des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble ,]·Miquel, R [Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona ,; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) ,]·Pieres, A [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro , RJ- 20921-400 ,; Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro , RJ- 20921-400 ,]·Malagón, A A Plazas [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,]·Roodman, A [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,]·Sako, M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,]·Sanchez, E [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,]·Cid, D Sanchez [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,]·Smith, M [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ ,]·Suchyta, E [Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831 ,]·Swanson, M E C [Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801 ,]·Tarle, G [Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,]·Tucker, D L [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,]·Weaverdyck, N [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,; Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,]·Weller, J [Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse , D-85748 Garching ,; Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München ,]·Wiseman, P [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ ,]·Yamamoto, M [Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife ,]
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Abstract

We present simulation-based cosmological wcold dark matter (wCDM) inference using dark energy survey year 3 weak-lensing maps, via neural data compression of weak-lensing map summary statistics: power spectra, peak counts, and direct map-level compression/inference with convolutional neural networks (CNN). Using simulation-based inference, also known as likelihood-free or implicit inference, we use forward-modelled mock data to estimate posterior probability distributions of unknown parameters. This approach allows all statistical assumptions and uncertainties to be propagated through the forward-modelled mock data; these include sky masks, non-Gaussian shape noise, shape measurement bias, source galaxy clustering, photometric redshift uncertainty, intrinsic galaxy alignments, non-Gaussian density fields, neutrinos, and non-linear summary statistics. We include a series of tests to validate our inference results. This paper also describes the Gower Street simulation suite: 791 full-sky pkdgrav3 dark matter simulations, with cosmological model parameters sampled with a mixed active-learning strategy, from which we construct over 3000 mock dark energy survey lensing data sets. For wCDM inference, for which we allow –1 < w < –$\frac{1}{3}$⁠, our most constraining result uses power spectra combined with map-level (CNN) inference. Using gravitational lensing data only, this map-level combination gives Ω m = 0.283$^{+0.020}_{–0.027}$⁠, S 8 = 0.804$^{+0.025}_{–0.017⁠}$, and w < –0.80 (with a 68 per cent credible interval); compared to the power spectrum inference, this is more than a factor of two improvement in dark energy parameter (Ω⁠ DE , w⁠) precision.

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICScosmologycosmology: dark energycosmology: large-scale structure of Universedark energygravitational lensinggravitational lensing: weaklarge-scale structure of universe

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Jeffrey, N [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,], Whiteway, L [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,], Gatti, M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Williamson, J [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,], Alsing, J [Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University , Stockholm SE-106 91 ,] (ORCID:0000000346183546), Porredon, A [Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, Ruhr University Bochum, German Centre for Cosmological Lensing , D-44780 Bochum ,], Prat, J [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm ,; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,] (ORCID:0000000259335150), Doux, C [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,; Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble ,] (ORCID:0000000344800096), Jain, B [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Chang, C [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,] (ORCID:0000000278870896), Cheng, T -Y [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm ,], Kacprzak, T [Department of Physics, ETH Zurich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich ,], Lemos, P [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm ,], Alarcon, A [Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439 ,; Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona ,], Amon, A [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA ,], Bechtol, K [Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390 ,], Becker, M R [Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439 ,], Bernstein, G M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Campos, A [Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15312 ,], Rosell, A Carnero [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife ,; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro , RJ- 20921-400 ,; Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife ,], Chen, R [Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708 ,], Choi, A [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ,], DeRose, J [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,], Drlica-Wagner, A [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Eckert, K [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Everett, S [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 ,], Ferté, A [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,], Gruen, D [University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich ,], Gruendl, R A [Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801 ,; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 ,], Herner, K [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Jarvis, M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], McCullough, J [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,], Myles, J [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 ,], Navarro-Alsina, A [Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , SP-13083-859, Campinas ,], Pandey, S [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Raveri, M [Department of Physics, University of Genova and INFN , Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova ,], Rollins, R P [Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL ,], Rykoff, E S [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,], Sánchez, C [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Secco, L F [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,], Sevilla-Noarbe, I [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,], Sheldon, E [Brookhaven National Laboratory , Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973 ,], Shin, T [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY 11794 ,], Troxel, M A [Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708 ,], Tutusaus, I [Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse ,], Varga, T N [Excellence Cluster Origins , Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching ,; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse , D-85748 Garching ,; Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München ,], Yanny, B [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Yin, B [Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15312 ,], Zuntz, J [Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3HJ ,], Aguena, M [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400 ,], Allam, S S [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Alves, O [Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,], Bacon, D [Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX ,], Bocquet, S [University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich ,], Brooks, D [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,], da Costa, L N [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400 ,], Davis, T M [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072 ,], De Vicente, J [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,], Desai, S [Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad , Kandi, Telangana 502285 ,], Diehl, H T [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Ferrero, I [Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics , University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo ,], Frieman, J [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], García-Bellido, J [Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid ,], Gaztanaga, E [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona ,; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX ,; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E- 08034 Barcelona ,], Giannini, G [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) ,], Gutierrez, G [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Hinton, S R [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072 ,], Hollowood, D L [Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064 ,], Honscheid, K [Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 ,; Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 ,], Huterer, D [Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,], James, D J [Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 ,], Lahav, O [Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,], Lee, S [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 ,], Marshall, J L [George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 ,], Mena-Fernández, J [LPSC Grenoble - 53 , Avenue des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble ,], Miquel, R [Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona ,; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) ,], Pieres, A [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro , RJ- 20921-400 ,; Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro , RJ- 20921-400 ,], Malagón, A A Plazas [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,], Roodman, A [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ,; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,], Sako, M [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,], Sanchez, E [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,], Cid, D Sanchez [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid ,], Smith, M [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ ,], Suchyta, E [Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831 ,], Swanson, M E C [Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801 ,], Tarle, G [Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,], Tucker, D L [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 ,], Weaverdyck, N [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,; Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,], Weller, J [Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse , D-85748 Garching ,; Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München ,], Wiseman, P [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ ,], Yamamoto, M [Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife ,]. 2024-11-27. Dark energy survey year 3 results: likelihood-free, simulation-based w CDM inference with neural compression of weak-lensing map statistics. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2629

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS subjectCosmology subjectcosmology: dark energy subjectcosmology: large-scale structure of Universe subjectdark energy subjectgravitational lensing subjectgravitational lensing: weak subjectlarge-scale structure of universe subject

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DOE OSTI2025

Evidence for large baryonic feedback at low and intermediate redshifts from kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich observations with ACT and DESI photometric galaxies

Recent advances in cosmological observations have provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the distribution of baryons relative to the underlying matter. In this work, we show that the gas is more extended than the dark matter, and the amount of baryonic feedback at $z \lesssim 1$ disfavors low-feedback models such as that of state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG compared with high-feedback models such as that of the original Illustris simulation. This has important implications for bridging the gap between theory and observations and understanding galaxy formation and evolution. Furthermore, a better grasp of the baryon-dark matter link is critical to future cosmological analyses, which are currently impeded by our limited knowledge of baryonic feedback. Here, we measure the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), stacked on the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) imaging survey. This is the first analysis to use photometric redshifts for reconstructing galaxy velocities. Due to the large number of galaxies comprising the DESI imaging survey, this is the highest signal-to-noise stacked kSZ measurement to date: we detect the signal at 13$σ$, finding strong evidence that the gas is more spread out than the dark matter, as well as a preference for larger feedback compared to some commonly used state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations. Here, our work opens up the possibility of recalibrating large hydrodynamical simulations using the kSZ effect. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of properly accounting for baryonic feedback with future surveys such as LSST through direct probes such as the kSZ, and shed light on long-standing enigmas in astrophysics, such as the “missing baryon” problem.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

SPT clusters with DES and HST weak lensing. II. Cosmological constraints from the abundance of massive halos

We present cosmological constraints from the abundance of galaxy clusters selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data with a simultaneous mass calibration using weak gravitational lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The cluster sample is constructed from the combined SPT-SZ, SPTpol ECS, and SPTpol 500d surveys, and comprises 1,005 confirmed clusters in the redshift range 0.25–1.78 over a total sky area of 5200 deg 2 . We use DES Year 3 weak-lensing data for 688 clusters with redshifts 𝑧 < 0.95 and HST weak-lensing data for 39 clusters with 0.6 < 𝑧 < 1.7. The weak-lensing measurements enable robust mass measurements of sample clusters and allow us to empirically constrain the SZ observable-mass relation without having to make strong assumptions about, e.g., the hydrodynamical state of the clusters. For a flat Λ⁢ CDM cosmology, and marginalizing over the sum of massive neutrinos, we measure Ω m = 0.286 ± 0.032, 𝜎 8 = 0.817 ± 0.026, and the parameter combination 𝜎 8 ⁢(Ω m /0.3) 0.25 = 0.805 ± 0.016. Our measurement of 𝑆 8 ≡ 𝜎 8 ⁢$\sqrt{Ω_{m}/0.3}$ = 0.795 ± 0.029 and the constraint from Planck CMB anisotropies (2018 TT, TE, EE+lowE) differ by 1.1⁢𝜎. In combination with that Planck dataset, we place a 95% upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses ∑𝑚 𝜈 < 0.18 eV. When additionally allowing the dark energy equation of state parameter 𝑤 to vary, we obtain 𝑤 = −1.45 ± 0.31 from our cluster-based analysis. In combination with Planck data, we measure 𝑤 =−1.3⁢4$^{+0.22}_{−0.15}$, or a 2.2⁢𝜎 difference with a cosmological constant. We use the cluster abundance to measure 𝜎8 in five redshift bins between 0.25 and 1.8, and we find the results to be consistent with structure growth as predicted by the Λ⁢ CDM model fit to Planck primary CMB data.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗