DOE OSTI · 3006917
Extended dark energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements
Abstract
We conduct an extended analysis of dark energy constraints, in support of the findings of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) second data release cosmology key paper, including DESI data, Planck cosmic microwave background observations, and three different supernova compilations. Using a broad range of parametric and nonparametric methods, we explore the dark energy phenomenology and find consistent trends across all approaches, in good agreement with the 𝑤 0 𝑤 𝑎 CDM (cold dark matter) key paper results. Even with the additional flexibility introduced by nonparametric approaches, such as binning and Gaussian processes, we find that extending Λ CDM to include a two-parameter 𝑤(𝑧) is sufficient to capture the trends present in the data. Finally, we examine three dark energy classes with distinct dynamics, including quintessence scenarios satisfying 𝑤 ≥ −1, to explore what underlying physics can explain such deviations. The current data indicate a clear preference for models that feature a phantom crossing; although alternatives lacking this feature are disfavored, they cannot yet be ruled out. Our analysis confirms that the evidence for dynamical dark energy, particularly at low redshift (𝑧 ≲ 0.3), is robust and stable under different modeling choices.
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Lodha, K. [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea], Calderon, R. [Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences], Matthewson, W. L. [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea], Shafieloo, A. [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea] (ORCID:0000000168150337), Ishak, M. [The University of Texas at Dallas], Pan, J. [University of Michigan], Garcia-Quintero, C. [Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian], Huterer, D. [University of Michigan; University of Michigan], Valogiannis, G. [University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Ureña-López, L. A. [Universidad de Guanajuato], Kamble, N. V. [The University of Texas at Dallas], Parkinson, D. [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea], Kim, A. G. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Zhao, G. B. [Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences], Cervantes-Cota, J. L. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares], Rohlf, J. [Boston University], Lozano-Rodríguez, F. [Universidad de Guanajuato], Román-Herrera, J. O. [Universidad de Guanajuato], Abdul-Karim, M. [Université Paris-Saclay], Aguilar, J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Ahlen, S. [Boston University], Alves, O. [University of Michigan], Andrade, U. [University of Michigan; University of Michigan], Armengaud, E. [Université Paris-Saclay], Aviles, A. [Instituto Avanzado de Cosmología A. C.; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México], Behera, J. [Kansas State University], BenZvi, S. [University of Rochester], Bianchi, D. [Università degli Studi di Milano; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera], Brodzeller, A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Brooks, D. [University College London], Burtin, E. [Université Paris-Saclay], Canning, R. [University of Portsmouth], Rosell, A. Carnero [Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias], Casas, L. [Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], Castander, F. J. [Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); Institute of Space Sciences], Charles, M. [The Ohio State University], Chaussidon, E. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Chaves-Montero, J. [Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], Chebat, D. [Université Paris-Saclay], Claybaugh, T. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Cole, S. [Durham University], Cuceu, A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Dawson, K. S. [The University of Utah], de la Macorra, A. [Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México], de Mattia, A. [Université Paris-Saclay], Deiosso, N. [CIEMAT], Demina, R. [University of Rochester], Dey, Arjun [NSF NOIRLab], Dey, Biprateep [University of Toronto; University of Pittsburgh], Ding, Z. [University of Chinese Academy of Sciences], Doel, P. [University College London], Eisenstein, D. J. [Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian], Elbers, W. [Durham University], Ferraro, S. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California], Font-Ribera, A. [Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], Forero-Romero, J. E. [Universidad de los Andes; Universidad de los Andes], Garrison, Lehman H. [Flatiron Institute; Flatiron Institute], Gaztañaga, E. [Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); University of Portsmouth; Institute of Space Sciences], Gil-Marín, H. [Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona (UB)], Gontcho, S. Gontcho A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Gonzalez-Morales, A. X. [Universidad de Guanajuato], Gutierrez, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Guy, J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Hahn, C. [University of Arizona], Herbold, M. [The Ohio State University], Herrera-Alcantar, H. K. [Université Paris-Saclay; Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris], Honscheid, K. [The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University], Howlett, C. [University of Queensland], Juneau, S. [NSF NOIRLab], Kehoe, R. [Southern Methodist University], Kirkby, D. [University of California], Kisner, T. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Kremin, A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Lahav, O. [University College London], Lamman, C. [Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian], Landriau, M. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Le Guillou, L. [Sorbonne Université], Leauthaud, A. [University of California; University of California], Levi, M. E. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Li, Q. [The University of Utah], Magneville, C. [Université Paris-Saclay], Manera, M. [Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona], Martini, P. [The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University], Meisner, A. [NSF NOIRLab], Mena-Fernández, J. [Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie], Miquel, R. [Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats], Moustakas, J. [Siena College], Santos, D. Muñoz [Aix Marseille Univ], Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. [Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México], Myers, A. D. [University of Wyoming], Nadathur, S. [University of Portsmouth], Niz, G. [Universidad de Guanajuato; Instituto Avanzado de Cosmología A. C.], Noriega, H. E. [Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México], Paillas, E. [University of Arizona; Universidad Diego Portales], Palanque-Delabrouille, N. [Université Paris-Saclay; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Percival, W. J. [University of Waterloo; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; University of Waterloo], Pieri, Matthew M. [Aix Marseille Univ], Poppett, C. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California; University of California], Prada, F. [Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)], Pérez-Fernández, A. [Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics]. 2025-10-06. Extended dark energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements. https://doi.org/10.1103/w4c6-1r5j
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