Weak Lensing Mass Calibration of the ACT DR5 Galaxy Clusters with the DES Year 3 Weak Lensing Data

Shin, T. [Carnegie Mellon U.] (ORCID:0000000263895409); Baxter, E. J. [Gemini Observ., Hilo]; Lee, E. [Pennsylvania U.; Cornell U.]; Battaglia, N. [Cornell U.]; Alarcon, A. [ICE, Bellaterra]; Amon, A. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.]; Becker, M. [Argonne (main)]; Bernstein, G. [Pennsylvania U.]; Bond, J. R. [Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.]; Campos, A. [Carnegie Mellon U.]; Chang, C. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]; Chen, R. [Stanford U., ITP]; Choi, A. [NASA, Goddard]; DeRose, J. [Brookhaven]; Dodelson, S. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Fermilab]; Doux, C. [LPSC, Grenoble]; Dunkley, J. [Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.]; Elvin-Poole, J. [Waterloo U.]; Esteves, J. H. [Harvard U.]; Everett, S. [Caltech]; Ferté, A. [SLAC]; Gatti, M. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]; Grandis, S. [Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.]; Gruen, D. [Munich U. Observ.]; Harrison, I. [Cardiff U.]; Hill, J. C. [Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.]; Hilton, M. [U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; KwaZulu Natal U.]; Jarvis, M. [Pennsylvania U.]; MacCrann, N. [Cambridge U., DAMTP]; McCullough, J. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Stanford U., ITP; SLAC]; Moodley, K. [KwaZulu Natal U.]; Mroczkowski, T. [ICE, Bellaterra]; Myles, J. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.]; Navarro Alsina, A. [Campinas State U.]; Nicola, A. [Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)]; Page, L. [Princeton U.]; Pandey, S. [Johns Hopkins U.]; Prat, J. [Nordita; Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm]; Raveri, M. [INFN, Genoa] (ORCID:0000000273543802); Ried Guachalla, B. [Stanford U.; Stanford U., ITP]; Rollins, R. P. [Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)]; Sanchez, C. [Barcelona, IFAE; Barcelona, Autonoma U.]; Secco, L. F. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]; Sheldon, E. [Brookhaven]; Sifón, C. [Valparaiso U., Catolica]; Troxel, M. [Duke U.]; Tutusaus, I. [IRAP, Toulouse]; von der Linden, A. [Stony Brook U.]; Wollack, E. [NASA, Goddard]; Yin, B. [Duke U.]; Aguena, M. [Trieste Observ.; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro]; Allam, S. S. [Fermilab]; Alves, O. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor]; Andrade-Oliveira, F. [Zurich U.]; Bacon, D. [Portsmouth U., ICG]; Bocquet, S. [Munich U. Observ.]; Brooks, D. [University Coll. London]; Camilleri, R. [Queensland U.]; Carnero Rosell, A. [IAC, La Laguna; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Laguna U., Tenerife]; Carretero, J. [Barcelona, IFAE]; Castander, F. J. [Barcelona, IEEC; ICE, Bellaterra]; Costanzi, M. [Trieste Observ.; SISSA, Trieste; INFN, Trieste; IFPU, Trieste]; da Costa, L. [LIneA, Rio de Janeiro]; da Silva Pereira, M. E. [Hamburg Observ.]; Davis, T. [Queensland U.]; De Vicente, J. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.]; Desai, S. [Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad]; Flaugher, B. [Fermilab]; Frieman, J. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Fermilab; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]; Garcia-Bellido, J. [Madrid, IFT]; Gutierrez, G. [Fermilab]; Hinton, S. [Queensland U.]; Hollowood, D. L. [UC, Santa Cruz]; Huterer, D. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor]; James, D. [Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.]; Lee, S. [Caltech, JPL]; Marshall, J. [Texas A-M]; Mena-Fernández, J. [LPSC, Grenoble]; Menanteau, F. [Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.]; Miquel, R. [ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, IFAE]; Mohr, J. [Munich U. Observ.]; Muir, J. [Cincinnati U.; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.]; Ogando, R. [Campinas State U.; Rio de Janeiro Observ.]; Plazas Malagón, A. [Stanford U., ITP; SLAC]; Porredon, A. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.; Ruhr U., Bochum]; Romer, K. [Sussex U.]; Sanchez, E. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.] (ORCID:0000000296468198); Sanchez Cid, D. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.; Zurich U.]; Sevilla, I. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.]; Smith, M. [Lancaster U.]; Soares-Santos, M. [Zurich U.]; Suchyta, E. [ORNL, Oak Ridge (main)]; Swanson, M. [Illinois U., Urbana (main)]; To, C. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.]; Weaverdyck, N. [BCCP, Berkeley; UC, Berkeley; LBL, Berkeley]; Weller, J. [Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Munich U. Observ.]

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2026/08/075

DOE OSTI · 3012611

Weak Lensing Mass Calibration of the ACT DR5 Galaxy Clusters with the DES Year 3 Weak Lensing Data

Shin, T. [Carnegie Mellon U.] (ORCID:0000000263895409)·Baxter, E. J. [Gemini Observ., Hilo]·Lee, E. [Pennsylvania U.; Cornell U.]·Battaglia, N. [Cornell U.]·Alarcon, A. [ICE, Bellaterra]·Amon, A. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.]·Becker, M. [Argonne (main)]·Bernstein, G. [Pennsylvania U.]·Bond, J. R. [Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.]·Campos, A. [Carnegie Mellon U.]·Chang, C. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]·Chen, R. [Stanford U., ITP]·Choi, A. [NASA, Goddard]·DeRose, J. [Brookhaven]·Dodelson, S. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Fermilab]·Doux, C. [LPSC, Grenoble]·Dunkley, J. [Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.]·Elvin-Poole, J. [Waterloo U.]·Esteves, J. H. [Harvard U.]·Everett, S. [Caltech]·Ferté, A. [SLAC]·Gatti, M. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]·Grandis, S. [Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.]·Gruen, D. [Munich U. Observ.]·Harrison, I. [Cardiff U.]·Hill, J. C. [Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.]·Hilton, M. [U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; KwaZulu Natal U.]·Jarvis, M. [Pennsylvania U.]·MacCrann, N. [Cambridge U., DAMTP]·McCullough, J. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Stanford U., ITP; SLAC]·Moodley, K. [KwaZulu Natal U.]·Mroczkowski, T. [ICE, Bellaterra]·Myles, J. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.]·Navarro Alsina, A. [Campinas State U.]·Nicola, A. [Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)]·Page, L. [Princeton U.]·Pandey, S. [Johns Hopkins U.]·Prat, J. [Nordita; Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm]·Raveri, M. [INFN, Genoa] (ORCID:0000000273543802)·Ried Guachalla, B. [Stanford U.; Stanford U., ITP]·Rollins, R. P. [Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)]·Sanchez, C. [Barcelona, IFAE; Barcelona, Autonoma U.]·Secco, L. F. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]·Sheldon, E. [Brookhaven]·Sifón, C. [Valparaiso U., Catolica]·Troxel, M. [Duke U.]·Tutusaus, I. [IRAP, Toulouse]·von der Linden, A. [Stony Brook U.]·Wollack, E. [NASA, Goddard]·Yin, B. [Duke U.]·Aguena, M. [Trieste Observ.; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro]·Allam, S. S. [Fermilab]·Alves, O. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor]·Andrade-Oliveira, F. [Zurich U.]·Bacon, D. [Portsmouth U., ICG]·Bocquet, S. [Munich U. Observ.]·Brooks, D. [University Coll. London]·Camilleri, R. [Queensland U.]·Carnero Rosell, A. [IAC, La Laguna; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Laguna U., Tenerife]·Carretero, J. [Barcelona, IFAE]·Castander, F. J. [Barcelona, IEEC; ICE, Bellaterra]·Costanzi, M. [Trieste Observ.; SISSA, Trieste; INFN, Trieste; IFPU, Trieste]·da Costa, L. [LIneA, Rio de Janeiro]·da Silva Pereira, M. E. [Hamburg Observ.]·Davis, T. [Queensland U.]·De Vicente, J. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.]·Desai, S. [Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad]·Flaugher, B. [Fermilab]·Frieman, J. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Fermilab; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP]·Garcia-Bellido, J. [Madrid, IFT]·Gutierrez, G. [Fermilab]·Hinton, S. [Queensland U.]·Hollowood, D. L. [UC, Santa Cruz]·Huterer, D. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor]·James, D. [Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.]·Lee, S. [Caltech, JPL]·Marshall, J. [Texas A-M]·Mena-Fernández, J. [LPSC, Grenoble]·Menanteau, F. [Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.]·Miquel, R. [ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, IFAE]·Mohr, J. [Munich U. Observ.]·Muir, J. [Cincinnati U.; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.]·Ogando, R. [Campinas State U.; Rio de Janeiro Observ.]·Plazas Malagón, A. [Stanford U., ITP; SLAC]·Porredon, A. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.; Ruhr U., Bochum]·Romer, K. [Sussex U.]·Sanchez, E. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.] (ORCID:0000000296468198)·Sanchez Cid, D. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.; Zurich U.]·Sevilla, I. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.]·Smith, M. [Lancaster U.]·Soares-Santos, M. [Zurich U.]·Suchyta, E. [ORNL, Oak Ridge (main)]·Swanson, M. [Illinois U., Urbana (main)]·To, C. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.]·Weaverdyck, N. [BCCP, Berkeley; UC, Berkeley; LBL, Berkeley]·Weller, J. [Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Munich U. Observ.]

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Abstract

We use weak gravitational lensing measurements from Year 3 Dark Energy Survey data to calibrate the masses of 443 galaxy clusters selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 5 maps of the cosmic microwave background. We incorporate redshift and SZ measurements for individual clusters into a hierarchical model for the stacked lensing signals and perform Bayesian analyses to constrain the hydrostatic mass bias of the clusters. Our treatment of systematic uncertainties includes a prescription for measuring and accounting for the weak lensing boost factor, consideration of a miscentering effect, as well as marginalization over uncertainties in the source galaxy photometric redshift distributions and shear calibration. The resultant constraints on the normalization of the mass-observable relation have a precision of approximately 7%, with the mean WL halo mass of M $_{500c}$ = 5.4 × 10$^{14}$ M $_{⊙}$. We measure the bias between the true cluster mass and the mass estimated from the SZ signal based on an X-ray-calibrated scaling relation assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, to be 1 - b = 0.74$^{+0.06}$ $_{-0.05}$ over the full sample. When splitting the clusters into high (z = 0.43-0.70) and low (z = 0.15-0.43) redshift bins, we measure 1 - b = 0.58$^{+0.06}$ $_{-0.05}$ and 0.81$^{+0.08}$ $_{-0.06}$, respectively. When introducing additional freedom in redshift and mass to the hydrostatic bias model, we find that 1 - b decreases with redshift (with the power law of -1.8$^{+0.5}$ $_{-0.6}$, 99.95% confidence), consistent with findings from other recent studies, while we do not find any significant trend in mass. We also demonstrate that our result is robust against various systematics such as a scale cut, priors on baryonic and miscentering parameters, and degree of scatter in mass-observable relation. The weak-lensing mass calibration presented in this study will be a useful tool for using the ACT clusters as probes of astrophysics, and as a step towards using their abundance as a cosmological probe.

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Shin, T. [Carnegie Mellon U.] (ORCID:0000000263895409), Baxter, E. J. [Gemini Observ., Hilo], Lee, E. [Pennsylvania U.; Cornell U.], Battaglia, N. [Cornell U.], Alarcon, A. [ICE, Bellaterra], Amon, A. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.], Becker, M. [Argonne (main)], Bernstein, G. [Pennsylvania U.], Bond, J. R. [Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.], Campos, A. [Carnegie Mellon U.], Chang, C. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP], Chen, R. [Stanford U., ITP], Choi, A. [NASA, Goddard], DeRose, J. [Brookhaven], Dodelson, S. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Fermilab], Doux, C. [LPSC, Grenoble], Dunkley, J. [Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.], Elvin-Poole, J. [Waterloo U.], Esteves, J. H. [Harvard U.], Everett, S. [Caltech], Ferté, A. [SLAC], Gatti, M. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP], Grandis, S. [Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.], Gruen, D. [Munich U. Observ.], Harrison, I. [Cardiff U.], Hill, J. C. [Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.], Hilton, M. [U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; KwaZulu Natal U.], Jarvis, M. [Pennsylvania U.], MacCrann, N. [Cambridge U., DAMTP], McCullough, J. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Stanford U., ITP; SLAC], Moodley, K. [KwaZulu Natal U.], Mroczkowski, T. [ICE, Bellaterra], Myles, J. [Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.], Navarro Alsina, A. [Campinas State U.], Nicola, A. [Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)], Page, L. [Princeton U.], Pandey, S. [Johns Hopkins U.], Prat, J. [Nordita; Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm], Raveri, M. [INFN, Genoa] (ORCID:0000000273543802), Ried Guachalla, B. [Stanford U.; Stanford U., ITP], Rollins, R. P. [Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)], Sanchez, C. [Barcelona, IFAE; Barcelona, Autonoma U.], Secco, L. F. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP], Sheldon, E. [Brookhaven], Sifón, C. [Valparaiso U., Catolica], Troxel, M. [Duke U.], Tutusaus, I. [IRAP, Toulouse], von der Linden, A. [Stony Brook U.], Wollack, E. [NASA, Goddard], Yin, B. [Duke U.], Aguena, M. [Trieste Observ.; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro], Allam, S. S. [Fermilab], Alves, O. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor], Andrade-Oliveira, F. [Zurich U.], Bacon, D. [Portsmouth U., ICG], Bocquet, S. [Munich U. Observ.], Brooks, D. [University Coll. London], Camilleri, R. [Queensland U.], Carnero Rosell, A. [IAC, La Laguna; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Laguna U., Tenerife], Carretero, J. [Barcelona, IFAE], Castander, F. J. [Barcelona, IEEC; ICE, Bellaterra], Costanzi, M. [Trieste Observ.; SISSA, Trieste; INFN, Trieste; IFPU, Trieste], da Costa, L. [LIneA, Rio de Janeiro], da Silva Pereira, M. E. [Hamburg Observ.], Davis, T. [Queensland U.], De Vicente, J. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.], Desai, S. [Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad], Flaugher, B. [Fermilab], Frieman, J. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Fermilab; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP], Garcia-Bellido, J. [Madrid, IFT], Gutierrez, G. [Fermilab], Hinton, S. [Queensland U.], Hollowood, D. L. [UC, Santa Cruz], Huterer, D. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor], James, D. [Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.], Lee, S. [Caltech, JPL], Marshall, J. [Texas A-M], Mena-Fernández, J. [LPSC, Grenoble], Menanteau, F. [Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.], Miquel, R. [ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, IFAE], Mohr, J. [Munich U. Observ.], Muir, J. [Cincinnati U.; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.], Ogando, R. [Campinas State U.; Rio de Janeiro Observ.], Plazas Malagón, A. [Stanford U., ITP; SLAC], Porredon, A. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.; Ruhr U., Bochum], Romer, K. [Sussex U.], Sanchez, E. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.] (ORCID:0000000296468198), Sanchez Cid, D. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.; Zurich U.], Sevilla, I. [Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.], Smith, M. [Lancaster U.], Soares-Santos, M. [Zurich U.], Suchyta, E. [ORNL, Oak Ridge (main)], Swanson, M. [Illinois U., Urbana (main)], To, C. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.], Weaverdyck, N. [BCCP, Berkeley; UC, Berkeley; LBL, Berkeley], Weller, J. [Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Munich U. Observ.]. 2026-08-01. Weak Lensing Mass Calibration of the ACT DR5 Galaxy Clusters with the DES Year 3 Weak Lensing Data. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/08/075

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