Co-sputtered CuNi heteroatomic electrocatalyst for enhanced 5-hydroxymethylfurfural selective electrochemical conversion

Abstract

The electrochemical conversion of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents a promising, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable approach for producing value-added chemicals using renewable energy and in situ hydrogen generated through water electrolysis. However, the electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of HMF remains challenging due to the inherently low catalytic activity and selectivity of the electrodes, compounded by competition with the kinetically favored hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolytes. In this work, we demonstrate that Cu x Ni 100−x heteroatomic thin films, fabricated via direct current (DC) magnetron co-sputtering, achieve a more than one order of magnitude increase in the HMF to 2,5-Bis-hydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) conversion rate, with nearly 50% faradic efficiency (FE) for BHMF, when compared to pure Cu and Ni electrodes (~ 10% BHMF FE). Our results suggest that the synergistic interaction between Cu and Ni creates an optimal catalytic environment for both HMF and adsorbed hydrogen (H ads ) species, thereby enhancing BHMF formation through the ECH pathway.