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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Supporting Greater Interactivity in the IPython Visualization Ecosystem

Interactive visualizations are invaluable tools for building intuition and supporting rapid exploration of datasets and models. Numerous libraries in Python support interactivity, and workflows that combine Jupyter and IPyWidgets in particular make it straightforward to build data analysis tools on the fly. However, the field is missing the ability to arbitrarily overlay widgets and plots on top of others to support more flexible details-on-demand techniques. This work discusses some limitations of the base IPyWidgets library, explains the benefits of IPyVuetify and how it addresses these limitations, and finally presents a new open-source solution that builds on IPyVuetify to provide easily integrated widget overlays in Jupyter.

Martindale, Nathan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Improving the Concrete Crack Detection Process via a Hybrid Visual Transformer Algorithm

Inspections of concrete bridges across the United States represent a significant commitment of resources, given their biannual mandate for many structures. With a notable number of aging bridges, there is an imperative need to enhance the efficiency of these inspections. This study harnessed the power of computer vision to streamline the inspection process. Our experiment examined the efficacy of a state-of-the-art Visual Transformer (ViT) model combined with distinct image enhancement detector algorithms. We benchmarked against a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. These models were applied to over 20,000 high-quality images from the Concrete Images for Classification dataset. Traditional crack detection methods often fall short due to their heavy reliance on time and resources. This research pioneers bridge inspection by integrating ViT with diverse image enhancement detectors, significantly improving concrete crack detection accuracy. Notably, a custom-built CNN achieves over 99% accuracy with substantially lower training time than ViT, making it an efficient solution for enhancing safety and resource conservation in infrastructure management. These advancements enhance safety by enabling reliable detection and timely maintenance, but they also align with Industry 4.0 objectives, automating manual inspections, reducing costs, and advancing technological integration in public infrastructure management.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

New framework for benchmarking decadal predictions leveraging the PCMDI Metric Package with interactive visualization

Reliable climate predictions across multiple timescales are increasingly critical as climate-related risks continue to rise. With the growing number and diversity of climate prediction systems, systematic intercomparison has become essential. Here, we present a comprehensive evaluation framework based on the PCMDI Metric Package to assess the performance of multiple decadal climate prediction systems. Unlike uninitialized simulations, initialized predictions exhibit bias and predictive skill that evolve with forecast lead time. To address this, we introduce (1) model-by-lead-time portrait plots, which efficiently summarize metrics of global temperature, precipitation, and Arctic/Antarctic sea-ice extent, and (2) an HTML-based interactive visualization platform that provides detailed regional and seasonal diagnostics of model bias, skill scores, and ensemble spread for each model and lead time. Comparisons with uninitialized simulations further quantify the relative impacts of initialization and external forcing on prediction skill. The proposed framework provides a scalable and transparent approach for multi-model climate prediction assessments and can be readily extended to a wide range of operational and research forecasting systems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electric Grid Visualization: Hourly Generation, Load, Unserved Load, and Locational Marginal Prices during a 2018 Heatwave

Visualization of hourly generation, load, unserved load, and locational marginal energy prices in the western United States during a July 22-28 heatwave event in 2018. In addition to hourly time series data of each of the parameters, choropleth maps showing the hourly value for each balancing authority are provided as well as a county-level choropleth map of temperature.

Mongird, Kendall (ORCID:0000000328077088)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Automating Log Synthesis and Visualization with Python and Splunk

The goal of this project is to automate log analysis by utilizing Splunk, Bash, and Python together. Simplifying the monitoring and analysis of network traffic was the main goal. In order to accomplish this, a Bash script was created to use 'tcpdump' to automate network sniffing. It also included a 24-hour file rotation mechanism to effectively manage the pcap files that were generated. After that, a Python script was written to read these pcap files and retrieve pertinent data about network traffic. After processing the collected data, Splunk is used to summarize the important metrics and visualize said information with relevant graphs.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Visually undistorted thin film electronic devices

Visually undistorted thin film electronic devices are provided. In one embodiment, a method for producing a thin-film electronic device comprises: opening a scribe in a stack of thin film material layers deposited on a substrate to define an active region and an inactive region of the thin-film electronic device, the stack comprising at least one active semiconductor layer. The active region comprises a non-scribed area of the stack and the inactive region comprises a region of the stack where thin film material was removed by the scribe. The method further comprises depositing at least one scribe fill material into a gap opened by the scribe. The scribe fill material has embedded therein one or more coloring elements that alter an optical characteristics spectrum of the inactive region to obtain an optical characteristics spectrum of the active region within a minimum perceptible difference for an industry defined standard observer.

Hammond, Scott R.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Neutrino Flavor Classification in ICARUS Experiment Using Convolutional Visual Networks

In this work, I adapt the Convolutional Visual Network (CVN) approach to the ICARUS detector by incorporating TPC stitching methods inspired by NuGraph. The stitching technique used here is unique to ICARUS, designed specifically to handle its distinct detector segmentation s. I then retrain the network using ICARUS-specific data. This study underscores the flexibility of deep learning models in high-energy physics and the importance of accounting for detector-specific features when transferring machine learning techniques between experiments. This dissertation presents the methods, classification performance, and insights gained from applying CVN to ICARUS data.

Wieler, Felipe Andre [Parana Tech. Fed. U., Toledo↗
DOE OSTI2026

Visualization of Thermal and Strain Dynamics in X-ray Optics by Time-Resolved Rocking Curve Imaging

The absorption of intense X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers by X-ray crystal optics triggers rapid thermal and mechanical responses, including lattice compression, expan- sion, and strain-wave propagation, which dynamically modify diffraction conditions and wavefront properties. These effects pose significant challenges for next-generation high- repetition-rate X-ray sources, particularly for crystal monochromators used in XFEL beam- lines and self-seeding. Here, we demonstrate time-resolved rocking curve imaging (TrRCI) of X-ray Bragg optics with high spatial resolution (6.4 μm) and sub-1-μrad angular resolu- tion, enabling direct visualization of lattice dynamics from nanoseconds to microseconds. By combining a high-flux beamline at SPring-8, a scintillator-coupled sCMOS detector, and a synchronized femtosecond laser system, we capture lattice dynamics induced by tran- sient laser heating with a strain sensitivity on the order of 10−6 . Our results reveal transient lattice deformation and the propagation of laser-induced strain waves over millimeter-scale distances. This approach provides experimental benchmarks for understanding heat-load effects in high-repetition-rate X-ray optics.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2025

MODE: A Web Application for Interactive Visualization and Exploration of Omics Data

Studies generating transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics (colloquially referred to as “omics”) data allow researchers to find biomarkers or molecular targets, or understand complex biological structures and functions by identifying changes in biomolecule abundance and expression between experimental conditions. Omics data is multi-dimensional and oftentimes summarization techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) are used to identify high-level patterns in data. Though useful, these summaries don’t allow exploration of detailed patterns in omics data that may have biological relevance. The use of interactive HTML displays with plots allows researchers to interact with omics data at a detailed level, but building these displays requires significant coding expertise. To overcome this barrier, the software MODE was built to empower users to build their own interactive HTML displays to support scientific discovery. These displays are easily shareable, do not depend on a specific operating system, and allow users to effortlessly sort and filter plots by categorical or numerical variables. MODE allows users to build and share these displays with several options for plot design and meta selection. In conclusion, the MODE web application and its capabilities are presented and then demonstrated on lipidomics data from a leaf wounding study.

lipidomics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterizing degraded visual environments with scanning lenses to improve contrast recovery

Atmospheric aerosols, such as fog and smoke, degrade optical signals via the scattering and absorption of light, making it difficult to recover information from the surrounding environment. Here, we present a technique that measures the angular distribution of light in scattering environments to help recover these degraded optical signals. This is done by passing a collimated beam through the aerosol environment and collecting the scattered and unscattered light with an f-theta scan lens. The lens transforms the angular distribution of the scattered light into the linear domain, mapping the collected light onto a detector. The measured angular scattering distribution is then used to estimate the point spread function of the environment at an arbitrary stand-off distance. This point spread function can be used to deconvolve images blurred by the aerosol environment in which the angular scattering distribution was initially measured. With this approach, we demonstrate improvements in the effective resolution of deblurred images up to 26% over a 120-cm stand-off distance. Experimentation was performed in the Sandia National Laboratories tabletop fog chamber, a platform that generates aerosol environments analogous to real-world fogs. We intend to leverage this technique in future work to develop a low-SWaP system for the in situ characterization of aerosol environments.

Aerosols↗
DOE OSTI2024

FREDA: A Web Application for the Processing, Analysis, and Visualization of Fourier‐Transform Mass Spectrometry Data

The high-resolution measurement capability of Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS) has made it a necessity for exploring the molecular composition of complex organic mixtures, like soil, plant, aquatic, and petroleum samples. This demand has driven a need for informatics tools to explore and analyze FT-MS data in a robust and reproducible manner. FREDA is an interactive web application developed to enable spectrometrists to format, process, and explore their FT-MS data without the need for statistical programming expertise. FREDA was built to explore outputs from a molecular identification tool, like CoreMS, and provide a suite of methods to filter data, compute chemical properties of peaks, statistically compare samples and groups of samples, conduct exploratory data analysis, and download the results with a report detailing all steps conducted. To demonstrate the utility of FREDA, an example analysis was conducted using FT-MS data from a soil microbiology study of samples collected in two different soil depths at the Sphagnum bog forest north of Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Differences between the two depths are observed using Kendrick, Gibbs free energy, and van Krevelen plots. G-tests are used to quantify a significant difference between the groups. All analyses and plotting are conducted using only the FREDA application. FREDA is an open-source and readily available web application that allows users to explore and make statistically valid conclusions about their FT-MS data. The application is available online (https://map.emsl.pnnl.gov/app/freda) with a tutorial web series (https://youtu.be/k5HLE2kNSBY?si=yB6sGoyvzxrFf5MP) and freely accessible code on Github (https://github.com/EMSL-Computing/FREDA).

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Quantifying and visualizing the microscopic degrees of freedom of grain boundaries in the Wigner–Seitz cell of the displacement-shift-complete lattice

Here we introduce a grain boundary (GB) translation vector, t ws , to describe and quantify the domain of the microscopic degrees of freedom of GBs. It has long been recognized that for fixed macroscopic degrees of freedom of a GB there exists a large multiplicity of states characterized by different relative grain translations. More recently another degree of freedom, [n], the number of GB atoms, has emerged and is now recognized as an equally important component of GB structural multiplicity. In this work, we show that all GB microstates can be uniquely characterized by their value of t ws , which is located within the Wigner–Seitz (WS) cell of the Displacement-Shift-Complete lattice (DSCL) of the GB. The GB translation vector captures information about both the translation state and the number of GB atoms. We show that the density of GB microstates inside the WS cell of the DSCL is not uniform and can form clusters that correspond to different GB phases. Further, the vectors connecting the centers of the clusters correspond to the Burgers vectors of GB phase junctions, which can be predicted without building the junctions. Using t ws , we quantify GB excess shear and argue that it is defined up to a DSCL vector, which has implications for thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Additionally, this work generalizes the definition of the number of GB atoms [n] to asymmetric boundaries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

In-Situ Visualization of a Growing Brittle Crack in Aluminum Oxynitride Using Synchrotron X-Rays and the Double-Cleavage Drilled Compression Geometry

Brittle fracture is difficult to study in situ due to the speed of a growing crack and the often-catastrophic nature of failure in brittle materials. As a result, the influence of microstructural considerations, such as orientation, grain boundary locations, and strain field, on the crack path remains poorly understood. Presented in this study is a method addressing this knowledge gap, which utilizes the double-cleavage drilled compression geometry to achieve quasi-stable fracture in aluminum oxynitride (AlON). Synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography is used to characterize the crack shape and length, while high-energy diffraction microscopy provides information on the strains, orientations, and shapes of grains in the microstructure surrounding the crack tip. During testing, the crack grew in discrete and irregular jumps while the fracture toughness falls within reported ranges. The crack in AlON is found to have no greater tendency to crack intergranularly as compared to transgranularly, and grains which are cracked transgranularly do not display a trend in orientation or stress when compared to those around which the crack followed a grain boundary. The high resolution of the crack path and microstructural data provides a path forward for modeling and understanding 3D brittle fracture.

Gorske, Sara F.↗