Alkaline-stable anion exchange membranes: A review of synthetic approaches
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Supplemental Information for 10.1021/jacs.5c02064
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Phosphonated polymers have been proposed as proton conductors for fuel cells; however, the anhydride formation of phosphonic acid functional groups lowers proton conductivity and hinders their use in fuel cell applications. We used calculations to support this hypothesis by correlating calculated Gibbs free energies for the formation of the anhydride with pK values of the corresponding acid. The results showed that stronger acids are less likely to form an anhydride even at elevated temperatures and supported the design of a new polymer and the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) that outperformed other state-of-the-art HT-PEMFCs.
The LEU-Modified Cintichem (LMC) process is a small-scale (50- to 100-mL) method for purifying fission-produced 99 Mo. Traditionally, the process utilizes custom-made glassware and requires significant manual operations with hot cell manipulators. As an alternative to the LMC process, there is great interest in developing a 99 Mo purification method that could be automated to minimize remote handling while achieving the same purity specifications for the 99 Mo product. This report explores an ion-exchange approach to purifying fission-produced 99 Mo and discusses the decontamination factors for various fission products that are present after initial recovery of Mo on a titania column from a sulfate-based and uranium-containing solution.
Reillex HPQ resin was nitrated in a manner matching procedures in use by the Aqueous Nitrate Recovery Facility. The resin was kept wet and then calcined to determine if nitrate was present in the residue. The potential for dispersion during heating and generation of soot or ash was evaluated. A series of experiments were performed by calcining the resin to 650 °C, and both residual solids and liquids were collected and measured for nitrates by Raman spectroscopy and test strip measurements.
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Column elution-spectrographic analysis technique compares certain solvents directly to the methanol system, using inert rare earths instead of actinides. Distribution ratios for americium between 90 percent solvent, 10 percent 5 M nitric acid and Dowex 1 nitrate form resin for a large group of organics miscible in water was determined.