A Prototype for Ground-based Automated Rover Command Generation
This paper will discuss a proof-of-concept prototype for automatic generation of validated rover command sequences from high-level science and engineering activities.
planning↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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System cost performance analysis (study 2.3). Volume 1: Executive summary
A study is described which was initiated to identify and quantify the interrelationships between and within the performance, safety, cost, and schedule parameters for unmanned, automated payload programs. The result of the investigation was a systems cost/performance model which was implemented as a digital computer program and could be used to perform initial program planning, cost/performance tradeoffs, and sensitivity analyses for mission model and advanced payload studies. Program objectives and results are described briefly.
Campbell, B. H.↗
Estimating The Cost Of Developing Software
Software Cost Estimation Model program, SOFTCOST, developed to provide consistent automated resource-and-schedule mathematical model more formalized than guesswork model. Combines several software-cost models found in open literature into one comprehensive set of algorithms compensating for nearly 50 implementation factors relative to size of task, inherited baseline, organizational and system environment, and difficulty of task. Produces mean and variance estimates of software size, implementation productivity, recommended staff level, probable duration, amount of computer resources required, and amount and cost of software documentation. Written in Microsoft BASIC.
Tausworthe, Robert C.↗
Advanced satellite workstation: An integrated workstation environment for operational support of satellite system planning and analysis
A prototype integrated environment, the Advanced Satellite Workstation (ASW), is described that has been developed and delivered for evaluation and operator feedback in an operational satellite control center. The current ASW hardware consists of a Sun Workstation and Macintosh II Workstation connected via an ethernet Network Hardware and Software, Laser Disk System, Optical Storage System, and Telemetry Data File Interface. The central mission of ASW is to provide an intelligent decision support and training environment for operator/analysts of complex systems such as satellites. There have been many workstation implementations recently which incorporate graphical telemetry displays and expert systems. ASW is a considerably broader look at intelligent, integrated environments for decision support, based upon the premise that the central features of such an environment are intelligent data access and integrated toolsets. A variety of tools have been constructed in support of this prototype environment including: an automated pass planner for scheduling vehicle support activities, architectural modeler for hierarchical simulation and analysis of satellite vehicle subsystems, multimedia-based information systems that provide an intuitive and easily accessible interface to Orbit Operations Handbook and other relevant support documentation, and a data analysis architecture that integrates user modifiable telemetry display systems, expert systems for background data analysis, and interfaces to the multimedia system via inter-process communication.
Sutton, Stewart A.↗
Deterministic Reconfigurable Control Design for the X-33 Vehicle
In the event of a control surface failure, the purpose of a reconfigurable control system is to redistribute the control effort among the remaining working surfaces such that satisfactory stability and performance are retained. Four reconfigurable control design methods were investigated for the X-33 vehicle: Redistributed Pseudo-Inverse, General Constrained Optimization, Automated Failure Dependent Gain Schedule, and an Off-line Nonlinear General Constrained Optimization. The Off-line Nonlinear General Constrained Optimization approach was chosen for implementation on the X-33. Two example failures are shown, a right outboard elevon jam at 25 deg. at a Mach 3 entry condition, and a left rudder jam at 30 degrees. Note however, that reconfigurable control laws have been designed for the entire flight envelope. Comparisons between responses with the nominal controller and reconfigurable controllers show the benefits of reconfiguration. Single jam aerosurface failures were considered, and failure detection and identification is considered accomplished in the actuator controller. The X-33 flight control system will incorporate reconfigurable flight control in the baseline system.
Wagner, Elaine A.↗
An AI Approach to Ground Station Autonomy for Deep Space Communications
This paper describes an architecture for an autonomous deep space tracking station (DS-T). The architecture targets fully automated routine operations encompassing scheduling and resource allocation, antenna and receiver predict generation. track procedure generation from service requests, and closed loop control and error recovery for the station subsystems. This architecture has been validated by the construction of a prototype DS-T station, which has performed a series of demonstrations of autonomous ground station control for downlink services with NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS).
Fisher, Forest↗
NAPS as an Alertness Management Strategy
Today, 24-hour operations are necessary to meet the demands of our society and the requirements of our industrialized global economy. These around-the-clock demands pose unique physiological challenges for the humans who remain central to safe and productive operations. Optimal alertness and performance are critical factors that are increasingly challenged by unusual, extended, or changing work/rest schedules. Technological advancements and automated systems can exacerbate the challenges faced by the human factor in these environments. Shift work, transportation demands, and continuous operations engender sleep loss and circadian disruption. Both of these physiological factors can lead to increased sleepiness, decreased performance, and a reduced margin of safety. These factors can increase vulnerability to incidents and accidents in operational settings. The consequences can have both societal effects (e.g., major destructive accidents such as Three Mile Island, Exxon Valdez, Bhopal) and personal effects (e.g., an accident driving home after a night shift).
Rosekind, Mark R.↗
A tool for autonomous ground-based rover planning
This paper discusses a proof-of-concept prototype for ground-based automatic generation of validated rover command sequences from high-level science and engineering activities.
automated planning scheduling rover operations art↗
An Approach to Autonomous Operations for Remote Mobile Robotic Exploration
This viewgraph presentation addresses the use of autonomy for remote mobile robotic exploration. The contents include; 1) Why Use Autonomy?; 2) What Are Some Options? JPL (Reasoning); 3) More Options.. . (Modeling); 4) The CLEaR Control System (Closed Loop Execution and Recovery); 5) Method of Response; 6) Overall Goal; 7) CLEaR in Action; 8) Initial Scenario; 9) Initial Scenario - Planned; 10) Unforeseen Events; and 11) Ongoing Research.
rovers↗
Orbital Express Mission Operations Planning and Resource Management using ASPEN
The Orbital Express satellite servicing demonstrator program is a DARPA program aimed at developing "a safe and cost-effective approach to autonomously service satellites in orbit". The system consists of: a) the Autonomous Space Transport Robotic Operations (ASTRO) vehicle, under development by Boeing Integrated Defense Systems, and b) a prototype modular next-generation serviceable satellite, NEXTSat, being developed by Ball Aerospace. Flexibility of ASPEN: a) Accommodate changes to procedures; b) Accommodate changes to daily losses and gains; c) Responsive re-planning; and d) Critical to success of mission planning Auto-Generation of activity models: a) Created plans quickly; b) Repetition/Re-use of models each day; and c) Guarantees the AML syntax. One SRP per day vs. Tactical team
automated planning scheduling↗
Space Station Module Power Management and Distribution System (SSM/PMAD)
This report provides an overview of the Space Station Module Power Management and Distribution (SSM/PMAD) testbed system and describes recent enhancements to that system. Four tasks made up the original contract: (1) common module power management and distribution system automation plan definition; (2) definition of hardware and software elements of automation; (3) design, implementation and delivery of the hardware and software making up the SSM/PMAD system; and (4) definition and development of the host breadboard computer environment. Additions and/or enhancements to the SSM/PMAD test bed that have occurred since July 1990 are reported. These include: (1) rehosting the MAESTRO scheduler; (2) reorganization of the automation software internals; (3) a more robust communications package; (4) the activity editor to the MAESTRO scheduler; (5) rehosting the LPLMS to execute under KNOMAD; implementation of intermediate levels of autonomy; (6) completion of the KNOMAD knowledge management facility; (7) significant improvement of the user interface; (8) soft and incipient fault handling design; (9) intermediate levels of autonomy, and (10) switch maintenance.
Miller, William↗
Design of automated system for management of arrival traffic
The design of an automated air traffic control system based on a hierarchy of advisory tools for controllers is described. Compatibility of the tools with the human controller, a key objective of the design, is achieved by a judicious selection of tasks to be automated and careful attention to the design of the controller system interface. The design comprises three interconnected subsystems referred to as the Traffic Management Advisor, the Descent Advisor, and the Final Approach Spacing Tool. Each of these subsystems provides a collection of tools for specific controller positions and tasks. The design of two of these tools, the Descent Advisor, which provides automation tools for managing descent traffic, and the Traffic Management Advisor, which generates optimum landing schedules is focused on. The algorithms, automation modes, and graphical interfaces incorporated in the design are described.
Erzberger, Heinz↗
(abstract) FASTER -- A Tool for DSN Forecasting and Scheduling
FASTER, the Forecasting And Scheduling Tool for Earth-based Resources is a suite of software tools developed at JPL to aid in the process of allocating DSN 70 and 34 meter antennas and equipment to support deep space satellites and ground based astronomy. FASTER has been designed for use by a diverse user community, including mid-level managers, data entry and analysis teams, and project scheduling personnel. The system helps to automate many of the previously labor intensive tasks and ensure proper analysis and consistency throughout all phases of the allocation process. FASTER implements an interactive environment for both forecasting and scheduling. This paper will discuss technical aspects of the FASTER system, including forecasting and scheduling algorithms, issues related to large scale use of a scheduling and forecasting system, implications to the process in which a forecasting and scheduling system is embedded, and lessons learned and implications to similar systems.
forecasting↗
A Comparison of Center/TRACON Automation System and Airline Time of Arrival Predictions
Benefits from information sharing between an air traffic service provider and a major air carrier are evaluated. Aircraft arrival time schedules generated by the NASA/FAA Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) were provided to the American Airlines System Operations Control Center in Fort Worth, Texas, during a field trial of a specialized CTAS display. A statistical analysis indicates that the CTAS schedules, based on aircraft trajectories predicted from real-time radar and weather data, are substantially more accurate than the traditional airline arrival time estimates, constructed from flight plans and en route crew updates. The improvement offered by CTAS is especially advantageous during periods of heavy traffic and substantial terminal area delay, allowing the airline to avoid large predictive errors with serious impact on the efficiency and profitability of flight operations.
Heere, Karen R.↗
Automated Sequence Processor: Something Old, Something New
High productivity required for operations teams to meet schedules Risk must be minimized. Scripting used to automate processes. Scripts perform essential operations functions. Automated Sequence Processor (ASP) was a grass-roots task built to automate the command uplink process System engineering task for ASP revitalization organized. ASP is a set of approximately 200 scripts written in Perl, C Shell, AWK and other scripting languages.. ASP processes/checks/packages non-interactive commands automatically.. Non-interactive commands are guaranteed to be safe and have been checked by hardware or software simulators.. ASP checks that commands are non-interactive.. ASP processes the commands through a command. simulator and then packages them if there are no errors.. ASP must be active 24 hours/day, 7 days/week..
Automated↗
Study of the automated biological laboratory project definition. Volume IV - Program plan Final report, 10 Aug. 1964 - 10 Aug. 1965
Plan, scheduling, costs, and interactions of development program for automated biological laboratory for exploration of life on Mars
PLANETARY EXPLORATION↗
Spacecraft-Initiated Scheduling of Commercial Communications Services
We propose a software framework enabling a spacecraft in Earth orbit to schedule its own access to space communications services via ground stations and relay satellites. All operations are automated, without a human in the loop, allowing for highly responsive service to meet time-varying needs. We describe a modular software architecture allowing the framework to interface with the scheduling systems of several providers - both government and commercial. Specifically, we present the results of an experiment with Amazon Web Services (AWS) Ground Station, an operational commercial service provider. Proposed software executed scheduling of a ground station antenna with minimal lead time (less than 20 minutes before the start of a pass). During the contact AWS cloud infrastructure was used to demodulate, process, and distribute data products from an orbiting satellite. We believe this work demonstrates the framework's ability to interface with additional providers and potential to integrate more complex decision-making in the future to schedule optimal contacts.
Scheduling↗
Automated maneuver planning using a fuzzy logic algorithm
Spacecraft orbital control requires intensive interaction between the analyst and the system used to model the spacecraft trajectory. For orbits with right mission constraints and a large number of maneuvers, this interaction is difficult or expensive to accomplish in a timely manner. Some automation of maneuver planning can reduce these difficulties for maneuver-intensive missions. One approach to this automation is to use fuzzy logic in the control mechanism. Such a prototype system currently under development is discussed. The Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) is one of several missions that could benefit from automated maneuver planning. TRMM is scheduled for launch in August 1997. The spacecraft is to be maintained in a 350-km circular orbit throughout the 3-year lifetime of the mission, with very small variations in this orbit allowed. Since solar maximum will occur as early as 1999, the solar activity during the TRMM mission will be increasing. The increasing solar activity will result in orbital maneuvers being performed as often as every other day. The results of automated maneuver planning for the TRMM mission will be presented to demonstrate the prototype of the fuzzy logic tool.
Conway, D.↗