Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Earth observation”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Advancing STEM in Bhutan through Increased Earth Observation Capacity: Applying NASA DEVELOP’s Model to Bhutanese Scholars

The NASA DEVELOP Program, a dual capacity building effort within NASA’s Applied Sciences, fosters the development of skills and knowledge to use Earth observations for environmental decision making. The program engages students, recent graduates, early career individuals, and transitioning career professionals through 10-week feasibility studies that assess the potential for integrating NASA Earth observing satellite data into partner organization decision making processes. DEVELOP projects provide an experiential learning opportunity for participants while building the institutional capacity of partner organizations. Since 2020, DEVELOP has worked with the Government of Bhutan to engage 30 Bhutanese scholars on a series of projects focused on environmental issues in Bhutan. These projects have offered an opportunity for Bhutanese scholars studying in the US to gain geospatial knowledge and skills, project management and leadership skills, and science communication experience. This presentation will highlight the DEVELOP model of empowering its participants, collaborative projects, and highlight example outcomes of the Bhutan engagement.

Capacity Building↗
NASA NTRS1988

The earth observing system - A mission for lidar remote sensing technology

NASA plans an earth observing system (EOS) to address low earth orbit remote sensing satellite requirements. EOS will incorporate three active remote-sensing instruments employing some form of lidar: (1) the Lidar Atmospheric Sounder and Altimeter (LASA), the Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS), and the Geodynamics Laser Ranging System (GLRS). LASA will deepen understanding of atmospheric composition and structure; LAWS will measure winds using Doppler lidar technology; GLRS will be used to ascertain the position of strategically placed retroreflectors to an accuracy of several cm.

Sokoloski, Martin M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

High accuracy pointing for earth observation experiments

An evaluation of mission requirements for postulated earth observation orbital payload experiments has indicated that high accuracy pointing and stabilization must be provided for adequate performance. A computer simulation has been conducted to determine the capabilities of an auxiliary pointing system which employs a combination of conventional gimbals and magnetic bearing actuators. This Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS) is found to be a viable means of providing the high slew rates associated with landmark tracking from low orbit, while simultaneously achieving the high degree pointing and stabilization dictated by science payload requirements.

Keckler, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer for the Earth Observing System

A Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for the Earth Observing System (EOS) series of polar-orbiting platforms is described. TES is aimed at studying tropospheric chemistry, in particular, the exchange of gases between the surface and the atmosphere, urban and regional pollution, acid rain precursors, sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, and the interchange of gases between the troposphere and the stratosphere. TES is a high-resolution (0.025/cm) infrared Fourier transform spectrometer operating in the passive thermal-emission mode in a very wide spectral range (600 to 4350/cm; 2.3 to 16.7 microns). TES has 32 spatial pixels in each of four optically conjugated linear detector arrays, each optimized for a different spectral region.

Glavich, Thomas A.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Theoretical Accuracy of Global Snow-Cover Mapping Using Satellite Data in the Earth Observing System (EOS) Era

Following the launch of the Earth Observing System first morning (EOS-AM1) satellite, daily, global snow-cover mapping will be performed automatically at a spatial resolution of 500 m, cloud-cover permitting, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. A technique to calculate theoretical accuracy of the MODIS-derived snow maps is presented. Field studies demonstrate that under cloud-free conditions when snow cover is complete, snow-mapping errors are small (less than 1%) in all land covers studied except forests where errors are greater and more variable. The theoretical accuracy of MODIS snow-cover maps is largely determined by percent forest cover north of the snowline. Using the 17-class International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) land-cover maps of North America and Eurasia, the Northern Hemisphere is classified into seven land-cover classes and water. Snow-mapping errors estimated for each of the seven land-cover classes are extrapolated to the entire Northern Hemisphere for areas north of the average continental snowline for each month. Average monthly errors for the Northern Hemisphere are expected to range from 5 - 10%, and the theoretical accuracy of the future global snow-cover maps is 92% or higher. Error estimates will be refined after the first full year that MODIS data are available.

Hall, D. K.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Establishment and Implementation of a Close Approach Evaluation and Avoidance Process for Earth Observing System Missions

In the fall of 2004, the Earth Science Mission Operations Project tasked the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSPC) Flight Dynamics Analysis Branch with establishment of a process to protect the high-value Earth Observing System (EOS) missions (Terra, Aqua, and Aura) from close approaches with space debris and other orbiting objects. An agreement between GSFC and the United States Strategic Command was put in place so that close approach predictions would be routinely generated. This paper describes the ESMO conjunction assessment process for the EOS satellites. Process details, including tools and algorithms developed, are discussed. Particular details for a predicted close approach between Terra and a piece of space debris that resulted in the execution of a debris avoidance maneuver are included. This close approach example is described in detail fiom the first screening identification through execution of the mitigation maneuver to illustrate both the process and lessons learned fiom its implementation.

Newman, Lauri↗
NASA NTRS2019

Reusability in NASA's Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)

NASA's Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) has been operational since 1994. The term FAIR is relatively recent compared to the operational life of EOSDIS. However, given the evolutionary nature of EOSDIS in response to both the state of the art and community expectations, it is useful to assess where EOSDIS stands relative to the FAIR data management. In this presentation we evaluate EOSDIS against the Reusability principle, which calls for a clear and accessible data usage license, rich description of data, detailed provenance, and compliance with domain-relevant community standards.Achieving consistent compliance for datasets is particularly challenging with the diverse community of missions and scientists providing data to EOSDIS. To address this, EOSDIS's constituent Distributed Active Archive Centers work with data producers to utilize the applicable standards and conventions. In addition, a guidebook is under development to provide comprehensive and understandable guidance on how to construct compliant, and thus more reusable, data products.

Hampapuram (Rama) Ramapriyan↗
NASA NTRS2021

Perspectives on flood forecast-based early action and opportunities for Earth observations

This paper seeks to identify opportunities to integrate Earth observations (EO) into flood forecast-based early action and propose future directions for research and collaboration between EO and humanitarian communities. Forecast-based early action (FbA) is an approach to shift disaster response toward anticipation to mitigate impacts to at-risk communities; however, timely and accurate information is needed in the development of data-based triggers and thresholds for action. Therefore, this paper considers the readiness of a wide range of EO for flood monitoring and forecasting in the design, operations, and evaluation phases of FbA. The most significant opportunities for EO to inform FbA efforts lie in the design and evaluation phases, as EO can aid in the development of impact-based triggers. The EO products most readily applicable include precipitation, streamflow estimates, and exposure mapping, and those requiring the greatest amount of further research include vulnerability and impact assessments. This paper identifies collaboration opportunities for the EO and humanitarian communities to create tailored products, such as overlays combining flood extents with exposure maps. Such collaboration opportunities can be fostered by open data sharing, data verification efforts, and incentives for supporting boundary organizations capable of enabling the use of EO for FbA.

disasters↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Informing Disaster Response through Earth Observation: A User-Centric Model for Enhancing Disaster Response Using Geospatial Assets

Satellite observations can provide critical insights to building situational awareness and filling data gaps during disaster response. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Division’s Disasters Program aims to advance Earth science data and information to support management decisions that prevent or mitigate the impacts of disasters. In support of this goal, NASA’s Disasters Response Coordination System (DRCS) employs a “One NASA” approach to coordinate and mobilize the Agency’s assets and expertise to provide geospatial information during disasters. The DRCS advances the utility of Earth observation information for supporting disaster response needs and builds skills in the emergency management and disaster response communities through improved coordination, engagement, and learning. The DRCS aims to support reduction of impact to lives and livelihoods by empowering communities to more effectively respond to disasters. The DRCS is organized across six NASA centers and managed by a project office located at NASA Langley, working in alignment with NASA Headquarters. The DRCS employs a user-centered framework that begins with requests from disaster responders (state, local, federal government and non-profits working at a national scale) and ends with after-action assessments that feed lessons learned and process improvements. This poster introduces the DRCS model and approach to expanding the use of Earth observations and geospatial information to support disaster response, share use cases for recent event activations working with decision-making organizations, and highlight initial lessons learned.

Remote Sensing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Building Capacity to Use Earth Observations for Health Applications: A Summary of NASA’s DEVELOP Program and Projects in Central and South America

NASA’s DEVELOP program engages individuals and organizations in 10-week feasibility studies to apply NASA Earth observations (EO) to decision makers’ needs. Since 2018, DEVELOP conducted 21 projects in Central and South America, eight of those in collaboration with Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA) and its member state partner agencies. These projects addressed a diverse set of community needs across multiple themes, including a project focused on monitoring aerosols using satellite-based measurements from Aqua and Terra MODIS, Suomi NPP VIIRS, and CALIPSO CALIOP and in situ data in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Panama. This poster introduces DEVELOP, its approach to capacity building, key partnerships, and project results highlighting the capabilities of Earth observations for enhanced decision making in the area of health.

Capacity Building↗
NASA NTRS2010

The Representation of Tropical Cyclones Within the Global William Putman Non-Hydrostatic Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5) at Cloud-Permitting Resolutions

The Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-S), an earth system model developed in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), has integrated the non-hydrostatic finite-volume dynamical core on the cubed-sphere grid. The extension to a non-hydrostatic dynamical framework and the quasi-uniform cubed-sphere geometry permits the efficient exploration of global weather and climate modeling at cloud permitting resolutions of 10- to 4-km on today's high performance computing platforms. We have explored a series of incremental increases in global resolution with GEOS-S from irs standard 72-level 27-km resolution (approx.5.5 million cells covering the globe from the surface to 0.1 hPa) down to 3.5-km (approx. 3.6 billion cells).

Putman, William M.↗
NASA NTRS2024

Coronado National Memorial Disasters: Investigating Geohazards & Slope Failure Susceptibility Utilizing NASA Earth Observations

The Coronado National Memorial (CORO), located in Hereford, Arizona, is situated along the United States' southern border, featuring recently established but still incomplete border barrier roads. This landscape is inherently prone to geohazards, and debris flow due to the steep mountainous topography, complex terrain, monsoonal rains, and freeze/thaw action - and the new infrastructure has exhibited these processes in the form of rockfall, embankment failure, and debris flow. NASA DEVELOP partnered with CORO to conduct a feasibility assessment of Earth observations for identification of geohazards and slope failure susceptibility. Leveraging Earth observations (United States Geological Survey 3D Elevation Program Digital Elevation Model and a locally obtained Light Detection And Ranging-derived Digital Elevation Model) from 2019 to 2023, and geospatial datasets starting from 2008, the study was able to provide tools to determine the focus for damage mitigation, identify areas most susceptible to slope failures, and prioritize at risk assets through three products: change detection maps, slope failure susceptibility maps, and a slope failure prioritization model. With an emphasis on monitoring high-risk areas and prioritizing mitigation efforts, the project addresses a critical gap in remediation strategies and aims to enhance preservation and safety of the region. Results of this study found that (i) the most identifiable areas of change were the road cuts and debris directly adjacent to the roads created for border construction, (ii) areas of highest slope failure susceptibility are located in mountainous areas with erosive geology, and (iii) roads resulting from border construction have approximately twice the risk of slope failure as roads created by the national park service.

Geohazard↗
NASA NTRS1984

Earth Observing System. Science and Mission Requirements, Volume 1, Part 1

The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a planned NASA program, which will carry the multidisciplinary Earth science studies employing a variety of remote sensing techniques in the 1990's, as a prime mission, using the Space Station polar platform. The scientific rationale, recommended observational needs, the broad system configuration and a recommended implementation strategy to achieve the stated mission goals are provided.

Source record↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA DEVELOP’s User-Centric Approach to Building Capacity to Use Earth Observations for Decision Making

The DEVELOP Program, part of NASA’s Applied Sciences, conducts 50-60 feasibility studies annually that center on user needs. Each project is tailored to its partner’s decision making processes with the goal of identifying and implementing opportunities for Earth observation data and information to be integrated into environmental decision making processes. These projects are conducted by a team of early career professionals through a 10-week term where the DEVELOP team rapidly iterates with partners culminating in a “recipe” for using NASA Earth observations. This presentation will introduce the DEVELOP model for user-centered design of projects, share the program's iterative approach to project execution, highlight multiple case studies, and lessons learned in the program’s model evolution.

Capacity Building↗
NASA NTRS1990

International program for Earth observations

During the 1990 summer session of the International Space University, graduate students of many different countries and with various academic backgrounds carried out a design project that focused on how to meet the most pressing environmental information requirements of the 1990's. The International Program for Earth Observations (IPEO) is the result of the students labor. The IPEO report examines the legal and institutional, scientific, engineering and systems, financial and economic, and market development approaches needed to improve international earth observations and information systems to deal with environmental issues of global importance. The IPEO scenario is based on the production of a group of lightweight satellites to be used in global remote sensing programs. The design and function of the satellite is described in detail.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1986

Earth observing system - Concepts and implementation strategy

The concepts of an Earth Observing System (EOS), an information system being developed by the EOS Science and Mission Requirements Working Group for international use and planned to begin in the 1990s, are discussed. The EOS is designed to study the factors that control the earth's hydrologic cycle, biochemical cycles, and climatologic processes by combining the measurements from remote sensing instruments, in situ measurement devices, and a data and information system. Three EOS platforms are planned to be launched into low, polar, sun-synchronous orbits during the Space Station's Initial Operating Configuration, one to be provided by ESA and two by the United States.

Hartle, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

1993 Earth Observing System reference handbook

Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) is a NASA-sponsored concept that uses space- and ground-based measurement systems to provide the scientific basis for understanding global change. The space-based components of MTPE will provide a constellation of satellites to monitor the Earth from space. Sustained observations will allow researchers to monitor climate variables overtime to determine trends; however, space-based monitoring alone is not sufficient. A comprehensive data and information system, a community of scientists performing research with the data acquired, and extensive ground campaigns are all important components. Brief descriptions of the various elements that comprise the overall mission are provided. The Earth Observing System (EOS) - a series of polar-orbiting and low-inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans - is the centerpiece of MTPE. The elements comprising the EOS mission are described in detail.

Asrar, Ghassem↗