Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “finite deformation”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

High-Order Multipole and Binary Love Number Universal Relations

Using a data set of approximately 2 million phenomenological equations of state consistent with observational constraints, we construct new equation-of-state-insensitive universal relations that exist between the multipolar tidal deformability parameters of neutron stars, Λ l , for several high-order multipoles (l = 5,6,7,8), and we consider finite-size effects of these high-order multipoles in waveform modeling. We also confirm the existence of a universal relation between the radius of the 1.4M ⊙ NS, R 1.4 and the reduced tidal parameter of the binary, Λ˜, and the chirp mass. We extend this relation to a large number of chirp masses and to the radii of isolated NSs of different mass M, R M . We find that there is an optimal value of M for every M such that the uncertainty in the estimate of R M is minimized when using the relation. We discuss the utility and implications of these relations for the upcoming LIGO O4 run and third-generation detectors.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling the non-Schmid crystallographic slip in MAX phases

We present a crystal plasticity constitutive relation for the description of experimentally observed non-Schmid crystallographic slip in a class of ternary carbides and nitrides commonly referred to as MAX phases. In the constitutive relation, we assume that the evolution of the slip system strength in MAX phases has two components – a classical component that depends on the Taylor cumulative shear strain and a non-Schmid component that depends on the stress normal to the slip plane. The non-Schmid crystal plasticity constitutive relation is then used to carry out finite element simulations of micropillar compression of single crystals of two MAX phases, Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 . The finite element simulations not only quantitatively predict the stress – strain response of a wide range of crystallographic orientations of the micropillars but also rationalize the non-uniform deformation and the deformed shape of the micropillars observed in the experiments for the two materials. As a result, parametric studies are also carried out to quantify the role of the non-Schmid effect and understand the effects of key experimental parameters on the stress – strain response of the micropillars of the two MAX phases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Geometric learning for computational mechanics Part II: Graph embedding for interpretable multiscale plasticity

The history-dependent behaviors of classical plasticity models are often driven by internal variables evolved according to phenomenological laws. The difficulty to interpret how these internal variables represent a history of deformation, the lack of direct measurement of these internal variables for calibration and validation, and the weak physical underpinning of those phenomenological laws have long been criticized as barriers to creating realistic models. In this work, geometric machine learning on graph data (e.g. finite element solutions) is used as a means to establish a connection between nonlinear dimensional reduction techniques and plasticity models. Geometric learning-based encoding on graphs allows the embedding of rich time-history data onto a low-dimensional Euclidean space such that the evolution of plastic deformation can be predicted in the embedded feature space. Finally, a corresponding decoder can then convert these low-dimensional internal variables back into a weighted graph such that the dominating topological features of plastic deformation can be observed and analyzed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Highly stretchable organic electrochemical transistors with strain-resistant performance

Realizing fully stretchable electronic materials is central to advancing new types of mechanically agile and skin-integrable optoelectronic device technologies. Here we demonstrate a materials design concept combining an organic semiconductor film with a honeycomb porous structure with biaxially prestretched platform that enables high-performance organic electrochemical transistors with a charge transport stability over 30-140% tensional strain, limited only by metal contact fatigue. In this work, the prestretched honeycomb semiconductor channel of donor-acceptor polymer poly(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-diketo-pyrrolopyrrole-alt-2,5-bis(3-triethyleneglycoloxy-thiophen-2-yl) exhibits high ion uptake and completely stable electrochemical and mechanical properties over 1,500 redox cycles with 10(4) stretching cycles under 30% strain. Invariant electrocardiogram recording cycles and synapse responses under varying strains, along with mechanical finite element analysis, underscore that the present stretchable organic electrochemical transistor design strategy is suitable for diverse applications requiring stable signal output under deformation with low power dissipation and mechanical robustness. Highly stretchable organic electrochemical transistors with stable charge transport under severe tensional strains are demonstrated using a honeycomb semiconducting polymer morphology, thereby enabling controllable signal output for diverse stretchable bioelectronic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Influence of strain and dislocations on GaSb/GaAs quantum dots: From nested to staggered band alignment

We investigate the influence of strain and dislocations on band alignment in GaSb/GaAs quantum dot systems. Composition profiles from cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy images are interpolated onto a finite element mesh in order to calculate the distribution of local elastic strain, which is converted to a spatially varying band alignment using deformation potential theory. Our calculations predict that dislocation-induced strain relaxation and charging lead to significant local variations in band alignment. Furthermore, misfit strain induces a transition from a nested (type I) to a staggered (type II) band alignment. Although dislocation-induced strain relaxation prevents the type I to type II transition, electrostatic charging at dislocations induces the staggered band alignment once again.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Bayesian refinement of covariant energy density functionals

The last five years have seen remarkable progress in our quest to determine the equation of state of neutron rich matter. Here, recent advances across the theoretical, experimental, and observational landscape have been incorporated in a Bayesian framework to refine existing covariant energy density functionals previously calibrated by the properties of finite nuclei. In particular, constraints on the maximum neutron star mass from pulsar timing, on stellar radii from the NICER mission, on tidal deformabilities from the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, and on the dynamics of pure neutron matter as predicted from chiral effective field theories have resulted in significant refinements to the models, particularly to those predicting a stiff symmetry energy. Still, even after these improvements, we find it challenging to reproduce simultaneously the neutron skin thickness of both 208 Pb and 48 Ca recently reported by the PREX/CREX collaboration.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Three-dimensional nucleation and growth of deformation twins in magnesium

At two-thirds the weight of aluminum, magnesium alloys have the potential to reduce the fuel consumption of transportation vehicles. These advancements depend on our ability to optimize the desirable versus undesirable effects of deformation twins, which are three-dimensional (3D) microstructural domains that form under mechanical stresses. Previously only characterized through surface or thin-film measurements, we here present 3D in situ characterization of deformation twinning inside an embedded grain over mesoscopic fields of view using dark-field x-ray microscopy supported by crystal plasticity finite element analysis. The results revealed the role of triple junctions on twin nucleation and the sequence and irregularity of twin growth and showed that twin-grain junctions, twin-twin junctions, and twin boundaries were the sites of localized dislocation accumulation.

Lee, Sangwon [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Un↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling the hydrodynamic impact on the tool influence function during hemispherical subaperture optical polishing

To fabricate high-precision and accurate optics relative to the optical design surface, a high level of deterministic control of material removal (i.e., the tool influence function, TIF) during subaperture tool polishing is required. In this study, a detailed analysis of the pressure distribution, which is a key component of the TIF, has been performed using finite element analysis to couple together solid mechanics and fluid dynamics. Modeling experimental parameters of recently published work reveals that, when considering tool deformation, which in turn influences the fluid film thickness between the tool and workpiece, the effective pressure profile has a flat-top distribution. This flat-top pressure profile differs from the parabolic pressure distributions predicted by Hertzian mechanics. Furthermore, the shear contribution is shown here to be a key contributor to material removal, inducing the removal at the periphery of the contact edge and even outside the generally accepted contact area. Finally, the simulated fluid velocities provide evidence of mixed-mode contact polishing, supporting recent experimental findings that also suggest that onset of hydroplaning contributions lead to material removal drop-off.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

A helical actuator driven by biased SMA: design, model, and experiment

A helical actuator driven by biased shape memory alloy (SMA) patterns embedded into a soft composite ribbon base is presented in this work. Instead of common U-shape SMA wires, a single SMA wire is woven into planar patterns, which enable helical deformation of the composite ribbon from an initially flat geometry. An analytical static model is established for accurate and rapid prediction of the helical reconfiguration arising from the shape memory effect of woven SMA patterns, followed by validation of the static model using the finite element method (FEM). The finite element results are compared with the analytical solutions given by this static model, which show a high agreement. Parametric study of the influences of eight independent design variables on the dependent helical parameters, such as combined curvatures, pitches, and helical angles, is completed. It is found that the helically deformed geometry is mainly dominated by diameters, biased positions, inclined angles, and numbers of skewed segments of the SMA wire. Fabrication and in-situ experimental test of a prototype of such helical actuators qualitatively demonstrate its dramatic three-dimensional (3D) spiral reconfiguration from a two-dimensional (2D) flat ribbon. In conclusion, such SMA patterns will allow more diverse designs of soft actuators for a wider range of robotic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Surrogate Model Integration with MOOSE XFEM for Creep Crack Growth

Ferritic-martensitic steels are key structural materials for advanced reactors but experience time-dependent deformation and damage under prolonged high temperature and irradiation, leading to creep-driven crack initiation and growth. High-fidelity models—crystal plasticity with irradiation mechanisms, phase-field for microstructural evolution, and continuum-damage viscoplasticity—capture the underlying physics but are too computationally intensive for broad design-space exploration and uncertainty quantification. This milestone advances a scalable alternative by integrating a microstructure-sensitive surrogate creep model into the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) finite element framework and extending it to fracture via the extended finite element method (XFEM). The surrogate model, developed with collaborators at Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories, maps relevant microstructural descriptors to the viscoplastic response of HT9. We embed this surrogate within a coupled deformation-damage workflow in MOOSE/XFEM to simulate creep-driven crack initiation and propagation. Implementation enhancements include updates to the material interface, a plastic correction phase involving microstructure evolution, and fracture criteria to ensure numerical robustness and compatibility with the surrogate structure. Demonstrations on canonical creep benchmarks spanning uniaxial and multiaxial states show that the surrogate reproduces key trends of high-fidelity models while substantially reducing computational cost. The resulting capability bridges physics fidelity and performance, providing a practical path to a predictive, microstructure-aware assessment of creep and fracture in reactor materials.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Machine learning based inverse modeling of full-field strain distribution for mechanical characterization of a linear elastic and heterogeneous membrane

Heterogeneous membranes or films are thin and soft structures with spatial variations in material property and thickness. Mechanical behavior of heterogeneous membranes is not well understood, mainly due to the difficulty in obtaining accurate and reliable material property data. To understand the mechanical behavior of these materials, accurate and efficient characterization methods for heterogeneous membranes are needed. Here, in this paper, an inverse method based on machine learning is developed to efficiently extract mechanical properties from full-field strain distributions. This approach is demonstrated on a flat heterogeneous membrane with uniform thickness formed by up to four linear elastic synthetic materials in a grid arrangement, and deforming in a moderate strain range (true strain ~10%). The results show that the machine learning method achieves accuracy comparable to the traditional inverse finite element method, and is 6 orders of magnitude faster in the demonstrated case studies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Crystal plasticity finite element simulation of lattice rotation and x-ray diffraction during laser shock compression of tantalum

Here we present a crystal plasticity model tailored for high-pressure, high-strain-rate conditions that uses a multiscale treatment of dislocation-based slip kinetics. We use this model to analyze the pronounced plasticity-induced lattice rotations observed in shock-compressed polycrystalline tantalum via in situ x-ray diffraction. By making direct comparisons between experimentally measured and simulated texture evolution, we can explain how the details of the underlying slip kinetics control the degree of lattice rotation that ensues. Specifically, we show that only the highly nonlinear kinetics caused by dislocation nucleation can explain the magnitude of the rotation observed under shock compression. We demonstrate a good fit between our crystal plasticity model and x-ray diffraction data and exploit the data to quantify the dislocation nucleation rates that are otherwise poorly constrained by experiment in the dynamic compression regime.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strain localization criteria for viscoplastic geomaterials

This report presents a viscoplastic localization criterion to detect quasi-instantaneous (i.e., load-induced) and delayed (creep-induced) strain localization in rate-dependent solids. The study is based on the theory of controllability and a viscoplastic description of the mechanical response. Analytical precursors of unstable states are defined through systems of ordinary differential equations (OEDs). The use of the proposed criteria is illustrated at the material point level through a set of strain localization analyses simulating active strain localization of a porous rock. In addition, full-field finite element simulations of compression tests conducted under various pressures are reported to demonstrate the role of local unstable viscoplasticity in the spontaneous propagation of deformation bands under stationary boundary conditions. The study shows that the viscoplastic localization criterion maintains a negative sign as long as the behavior is unstable, that is, the rate of deformation is accelerating. The sign switch coincides with the transition to decelerating deformation. The analyses revealed that pulses of overstress always emerge in correspondence with the growth of unstable behavior, and the peak matches the transition to stable behavior. The local responses recovered from full-field analyses were consistent with those observed in analyses at material point level and the predictions of the presented theory.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Numerical Study of Coupled Water and Vapor Flow, Heat Transfer, and Solute Transport in Variably-Saturated Deformable Soil During Freeze-Thaw Cycles

As climate change intensifies, soil water flow, heat transfer, and solute transport in the active, unfrozen zones within permafrost and seasonally frozen ground exhibit progressively more complex interactions that are difficult to elucidate with measurements alone. For example, frozen conditions impede water flow and solute transport in soil, while heat and mass transfer are significantly affected by high thermal inertia generated from water-ice phase change during the freeze-thaw cycle. To assist in understanding these subsurface processes, the current study presents a coupled two-dimensional model, which examines heat conduction-convection with water-ice phase change, soil water (liquid water and vapor) and groundwater flow, advective-dispersive solute transport with sorption, and soil deformation (frost heave and thaw settlement) in variably saturated soils subjected to freeze-thaw actions. This coupled multiphysics problem is numerically solved using the finite element method. The model's performance is first verified by comparison to a well-documented freezing test on unsaturated soil in a laboratory environment obtained from the literature. Then based on the proposed model, we quantify the impacts of freeze-thaw cycles on the distribution of temperature, water content, displacement history, and solute concentration in three distinct soil types, including sand, silt and clay textures. The influence of fluctuations in the air temperature, groundwater level, hydraulic conductivity, and solute transport parameters was also comparatively studied. The results show that (a) there is a significant bidirectional exchange between groundwater in the saturated zone and soil water in the vadose zone during freeze-thaw periods, and its magnitude increases with the combined influence of higher hydraulic conductivity and higher capillarity; (b) the rapid dewatering ahead of the freezing front causes local volume shrinkage within the non-frozen region when the freezing front propagates downward during the freezing stage and this volume shrinkage reduces the impact of frost heave due to ice formation. This gradually recovers when the thawed water replenishes the water loss zone during the thawing stage; and (c) the profiles of soil moisture, temperature, displacement, and solute concentration during freeze-thaw cycles are sensitive to the changes in amplitude and freeze-thaw period of the sinusoidal varying air temperature near the ground surface, hydraulic conductivity of soil texture, and the initial groundwater levels. Our modeling framework and simulation results highlight the need to account for coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical behaviors to better understand soil water and groundwater dynamics during freeze-thaw cycles and further help explain the observed changes in water cycles and landscape evolution in cold regions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quasiparticle random-phase approximation calculations for M 1 transitions with the noniterative finite-amplitude method and application to neutron radiative capture cross sections

Here, we derive the equations of quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) based on the finite amplitude method with the Hartree-Fock+Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (HF+BCS) single-particle states, and calculate the magnetic dipole (M⁢1) transition for deformed gadolinium isotopes. Our QRPA calculation shows both large spin-flip transitions in the 5 to 10 MeV excitation energy and the low energy orbital transition that would correspond to the M⁢1 scissors mode observed in nuclear experiments. Then, we calculate neutron capture reactions based on the statistical Hauser-Feshbach theory with the photoabsorption cross sections of even-even nuclei given by QRPA. We find that the capture cross section is enhanced due to the contribution from the low energy M⁢1 transition although the calculated capture cross section still underestimates the experimental data. This issue in the calculated capture cross section could be improved by uncertainties of the low energy E⁢1 transition neglected in our QRPA calculation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Transient creep‐fatigue crack growth in creep‐brittle materials: Application to Alloy 718

Abstract This study presents incremental finite element computations of creep‐fatigue crack growth in Alloy 718 at in air. Alloy 718 is representative of creep‐brittle materials, in which viscoplastic deformation is restricted near the tip of a growing crack. The computations predict crack growth using a unique combination of an irreversible cohesive zone formulation and a strain gradient viscoplastic material model based on the Kocks–Mecking formulation. Cohesive zone damage parameters are estimated using sustained loading and constant‐amplitude cyclic loading experiments. Computations of crack extension under three different waveforms containing overloads all predict post‐overload retardation. The amount of retardation depends strongly on the overload ratio, consistent with experiments in the literature using similar waveforms. Analysis of the crack‐tip fields demonstrates retardation is associated with unloading in the highly deformed material near the advancing crack tip. Dynamic recovery and geometrically necessary dislocations are shown to significantly influence post‐overload crack extension.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulating the effect of grain structure and porosity on creep for powder bed fusion 316H

This report details results from modeling studies focused on identifying the potential factors influencing creep performance of 316H stainless steel manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), with a focus on experimentally-observed and predicted differences between the response of the AM material and conventionally manufactured wrought 316H. The studies presented here systematically look at the role of grain structure, porosity and texture in the anisotropic creep behavior of the material under conditions expected in high temperature advanced nuclear reactors. A physics-based Crystal Plasticity Finite Element modeling approach has allowed us to look at these factors in isolation and study their role in the material's long-term deformation behavior. An update to the precipitation model used in the constitutive framework for 316H is also presented here, with the aim of improving the accuracy of our results from this modeling effort. This work is a step in the direction of gaining mechanistic understanding of the long-term deformation behavior of LPBF 316H, helping us model its long term performance and reducing the qualification time for the material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Crack formation in strained β-(AlxGa 1−x ) 2 O 3 films grown on (010) β-Ga 2 O 3 substrates

The cracking and local strain relaxation in (010) (Al x Ga 1−x ) 2 O 3 films grown on Ga 2 O 3 substrates are assessed in terms of film composition and thickness. We utilize x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques combined with simulation and modeling to investigate that film cracking on curvature (flatness) has a directly proportional relationship with film thickness and/or aluminum content. Cross section transmission electron microscopy reveals that cracks along both the (001) and (100) cleavage planes penetrate into the substrate. The diffuse scattered intensity observed in reciprocal space maps (RSMs) is directly correlated with the tilt that is introduced due to the change in the deformation conditions near the cracks. While asymmetric RSMs show that the layers are fully strained, the diffuse scattering distribution in reciprocal space can be interpreted to show that the cracking relaxes and locally tilts the lattice ∼350 nm from the crack edges, which is consistent with the larger radius of curvature associated with the films with higher crack densities. For example, a 200 nm (Al 0.13 Ga 0.87 ) 2 O 3 thick film has an average inter-crack spacing of 3.3 µm, so most of the epitaxial layer is fully strained except near the cracks where it deforms elastically and is consistent with the gallium oxide Poisson ratio. A reciprocal space model was developed, which imports the strain and tilt distributions (based on finite element modeling) to match the features observed in the experimental maps. We also note that previous studies involving (Al x Ga 1−x ) 2 O 3 films may show evidence of cracking as observed in their symmetric and asymmetric RSMs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗