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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Advanced diesel engine component development program, tasks 4-14

This report summarizes the Advanced Diesel Engine Component Development (ADECD) Program to develop and demonstrate critical technology needed to advance the heavy-duty low heat rejection engine concept. Major development activities reported are the design, analysis, and fabrication of monolithic ceramic components; vapor phase and solid film lubrication; electrohydraulic valve actuation; and high pressure common rail injection. An advanced single cylinder test bed was fabricated as a laboratory tool in studying these advanced technologies. This test bed simulates the reciprocator for a system having no cooling system, turbo compounding, Rankine bottoming cycle, common rail injection, and variable valve actuation to achieve fuel consumption of 160 g/kW-hr (.26 lb/hp-hr). The advanced concepts were successfully integrated into the test engine. All ceramic components met their functional and reliability requirements. The firedeck, cast-in-place ports, valves, valve guides, piston cap, and piston ring were made from silicon nitride. Breakthroughs required to implement a 'ceramic' engine included the fabrication of air-gap cylinder heads, elimination of compression gaskets, machining of ceramic valve seats within the ceramic firedeck, fabrication of cast-in-place ceramic port liners, implementation of vapor phase lubrication, and elimination of the engine coolant system. Silicon nitride valves were successfully developed to meet several production abuse test requirements and incorporated into the test bed with a ceramic valve guide and solid film lubrication. The ADECD cylinder head features ceramic port shields to increase insulation and exhaust energy recovery. The combustion chamber includes a ceramic firedeck and piston cap. The tribological challenge posed by top ring reversal temperatures of 550 C was met through the development of vapor phase lubrication using tricresyl phosphate at the ring-liner interface. A solenoid-controlled, variable valve actuation system that eliminated the conventional camshaft was demonstrated on the test bed. High pressure fuel injection via a common rail system was also developed to reduce particulate emissions.

Kaushal, Tony S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

First detection of line emission from the hot interstellar medium with solid state detectors

Previously reported enhanced soft X-ray emission from the North-Galactic Polar region supports the theory of a hot interstellar component. This paper reports the first detection of line emission from the hot interstellar component in the North-Galactic-Polar region. Measurements were made with solid state Si(Li) detectors aboard a spin-stabilized rocket launched from the White Sands Missile Range on March 22, 1980. Two features are clearly present in the low energy portion of the spectrum derived from the data. They correspond to emission lines from C V (300 eV) and C VI (360 eV), and from O VII (560 eV) and O VIII (650 eV). The detection of emission lines coming from these highly stripped ions is direct evidence for the thermal origin of the emission and confirms the presence of a hot (1-million K) component in the interstellar medium.

Schnopper, H. W.↗
NASA NTRS1995

(abstract) A Relativistically Expanding Radio Source Associated with GRO J1655-40

GRO J1655-40 was discovered as a new, bright X-ray source with the BATSE detector of the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) on July 27, 1994. During the subsequent radio outburst we completed VLBI synthesis imaging observations at a frequency of 2.29 GHz. An unprecedented angular motion of 65+/- mas per day was reported between two components of complex and disparate morphology ?? The separation rate indicates that the two components were at zero separation near the onset of the radio flare. Similar to the recently reported GRS 1915+105, it seems that the motion of material ejected from a stellar mass compact object with at least a mildly relativistic velocity may explain the observed radio structural changes in GRO J1655-40. The two-week delay between the X-ray outburst and the production of radio components may indicate that the X-rays were produced by a super-critical accretion process onto the compact member of this stellar binary system. This process inhibited or smothered the ejection of radio components until the accretion disk stabilized.

X-ray sources Gamma Ray Observatory GRO radio outb↗
NASA NTRS2009

Interface Generation and Compositional Verification in JavaPathfinder

We present a novel algorithm for interface generation of software components. Given a component, our algorithm uses learning techniques to compute a permissive interface representing legal usage of the component. Unlike our previous work, this algorithm does not require knowledge about the component s environment. Furthermore, in contrast to other related approaches, our algorithm computes permissive interfaces even in the presence of non-determinism in the component. Our algorithm is implemented in the JavaPathfinder model checking framework for UML statechart components. We have also added support for automated assume-guarantee style compositional verification in JavaPathfinder, using component interfaces. We report on the application of the presented approach to the generation of interfaces for flight software components.

Giannakopoulou, Dimitra↗
NASA NTRS2018

Systems Development, Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery

The primary role of the Technical Integration Office is to provide technical solutions and services to different branches at KSC (Kennedy Space Center) and NASA program customers. The Technical Integration Office helps support KSC's operational needs by providing services such as digital connectivity, data center services, modelling and simulation tools, and communication video services. To learn the necessary technology and processes for my internship, I am working on two projects: learning C# (C Sharp programming language) with SQL and developing requirements for a PX (Communication and Public Engagement) inventory management system. To learn how to efficiently program with C#, my mentor assigned me to complete a sports informatics application that would let users discover facts and rules about various sports. The sports informatics application comes with search capabilities, report generating features, rule lists that users can modify, and diagrams for various sport strategies. To further build upon this project, I also developed a sport simulation game with the application. Once I begin more SQL-based projects, I will have the opportunity to learn how to manage databases and link SQL servers with C# programs. To develop requirements for the inventory management system, I have met with PX representatives and toured their storage facilities to see how they organize and store their items and equipment. I will also be meeting with representatives from the budget office to find out what information must be in a system budget report. The main components the system must have are customer request management, a search feature for items and equipment, report generation capabilities, and automated system warnings when item quantities reach or go below administrator-specified threshold levels. I have drafted questions and shall statements that will ultimately become part of the inventory management system requirements document.

Espinosa, Gabriel↗
NASA NTRS1990

Flight set 360L007 (STS-33) insulation component. Volume 3: Final release

Volume 3 of this postfire report deals with the insulation component of the RSRM. The report is released twice for each flight set. The interim release contract date is on or before 60 days after the last field joint or nozzle to case joint is disassembled at KSC and contain the results of the KSC visual evaluation. The data contained in Volume 3 interim release supersedes the insulation data presented in the KSC 10 day report. The final release contract data is on or before 60 days after the last factory joint is disassembled at the Clearfield H-7 facility and contains the results of all visual evaluations and a thermal safety factor analysis. The data contained in the Volume 3 final release supersedes the interim release and the insulation data presented in the Clearfield 10 day report.

Hicken, Steve↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Model Based Approach to Extract Health Information from Textual Data

In current nuclear power plants (NPPs) a large amount of condition-based data is being generated and stored to assess and monitor component health and performance. The format of this data can be either numeric (e.g., pump vibration data) or textual (e.g., condition report which assess component health). While assessing component health from numeric data can be performed with a large variety of methods, the extraction of information from textual data still remains a challenge. Natural language processing (NLP) methods are starting to be deployed in current NPPs mainly to filter out incident reports (IRs) that are not safety related by employing supervised machine learning methods. However, these methods do not really provide the quantitative information that might be contained in IRs. This paper presents an approach to extract information from textual data (e.g., from IRs, maintenance reports) that is based on NLP data analytics methods coupled with model-based system engineer (MBSE) models. NLP methods are employed to perform syntactic and semantic analyses. Syntactic analysis analyzes the grammatical structure of a sentence; such analysis includes: part of speech (POS) tagging (i.e., identification of grammatic elements of each string - e.g., nouns, verbs), named entity recognition (i.e., identification of text entities - e.g., names, dates, events), and relation extraction (e.g., coreference resolution). On the other hand, semantic analysis is designed to analyze the logic structure of a sentence. Through a specific set of rules, our methods can identify whether a sentence contains health information of a component (e.g., degraded performance, anomaly behavior) or the causal relationship between two events (i.e., a cause-effect pair). An innovative element of our approach is that semantic analysis relies on MBSE models to identify links between textual elements. MBSE are diagrams designed to represent system and component dependencies (from both a form and functional point of view). In our approach, MBSE models emulate system engineer knowledge about component/system architecture. This paper presents in detail how the integration of NLP methods and MBSE models is performed. Few analysis examples focusing on centrifugal pumps are presented.

97 - MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1986

Flight service evaluation of composite components on the Bell helicopter model 206L

This is the second annual report on the flight service components for the Bell Model 206L JetRanger helicopter. The components have been placed in service in the Continental United States, Canada, and Alaska. The report covers the period from 1 August 1983 to 1 January 1986. The status of 34 sets of components is discussed in this report. Approximately 73,000 flight hours were accumulated on the components as of 1 January 1986. Three years of coupon tests on the components are presented with test results. A vertical fin had been struck by lightning and the results of its examination and tests are included.

Wilson, H. E., II↗
DOE OSTI2025

Mechanical Solutions Scan Report

Power lines, poles, and towers are the backbone of the United States (U.S.) electric-power grid. These transmission and distribution networks route electricity from generator to loads. The characteristics of these routes are rapidly changing -- trending towards decentralized renewable generation, electric heating, vehicle charging, and large data-center loads. Coupled with aging infrastructure and the increased frequency of extreme weather events, there is concern about the future reliability and transmission capacity of conductors and adjacent components. This scan report seeks to provide an overview of mechanical solutions to challenges caused by extreme weather events associated with components of transmission and distribution infrastructure, including conductor heat sag, ice accumulation, wind, and wildfire. Many options could increase transmission capacity or reliability, and these are at various stages of technological readiness. Some have only been lab tested, while some have been widely deployed in the U.S. or overseas for decades. The solution categories and providers featured in this report are intended to be comprehensive at the time of publication and to serve as a reference for decision-makers concerned about transmission and distribution reliability. There are two other categories of large, complex solutions, which are not covered in this report: replacing existing conductors with advanced conductors and implementing digital grid enhancing technologies. A separate scan report titled “Advanced Conductor Scan Report,” which discusses advanced carbon-core conductors, was published by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in 2023. Information on digital technologies, such as dynamic line ratings, power-flow controllers, and other power electronics and communications-based devices, can be found on the Grid- Enhancing Technologies landing page. Mechanical grid-enhancing technologies, or solutions covered in this report, often do not require full equipment replacement and do not rely on digital components. Mechanical technologies are overlooked because they may be older, simpler, or seemingly “more obvious” than digital or carbon-core technologies. However, it is wise to consider mechanical solutions in a thorough evaluation of grid enhancing technology solutions.

24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS2017

The Effect of Shock on the Amorphous Component in Altered Basalt

Investigation of the geochemical and mineralogical composition of the Martian surface provides insight into the geologic history of the predominantly basaltic crust. The Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instrument onboard the Curiosity rover has returned the first X-Ray diffraction data from the Martian surface. However, large proportions (27 +/- 14 with some estimates as high as 50 weight percentage) of an amorphous component have been reported. As a remedy to this problem, mass balance equations using geochemistry, volatile chemistry, and mineralogy have been employed to constrain the geochemistry of the amorphous component. However, "the nature and number of amorphous phases that constitute the amorphous component is not unequivocally known". Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of this amorphous component: Allophane (Al2O); Basaltic glass (Volcanic and impact); Palagonite (Altered basaltic glass); Hisingerite (Fe (sup 3 plus)-bearing phyllosilicate); S/Cl-rich component (sulfates and/or akaganeite); Nanophase ferric oxide component (npOx). Establishing a multi-phase amorphous component from a basaltic precursor that has undergone physical and chemical weathering within geochemical constraints is of paramount importance to better understand the composition of a large portion of the Martian surface (up to 50 weight percentage). Shocked basalts from Lonar Crater in India are valuable analogs for the Martian surface because it is a well-preserved impact crater in a basaltic target. Having undergone pre- and post-shock aqueous alteration, these rocks provide crucial data regarding the effect of shock on the amorphous component in altered basalt. By conducting mass balance equations similar to what has been performed for Gale crater materials, we attempt to calculate the geochemistry of the amorphous component in altered basalts ranging from unshocked to Class 5 (Table 1). This has the potential to reveal the nature and origin (i.e. primary igneous, shock metamorphic, and/or aqueous alteration occurring before or after the impact event) of the amorphous component in shocked basalt with the goal of unravelling the history of the Martian surface.

Eckley, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Evaluation of ceramics for stator application: Gas turbine engine report

Current ceramic materials, component fabrication processes, and reliability prediction capability for ceramic stators in an automotive gas turbine engine environment are assessed. Simulated engine duty cycle testing of stators conducted at temperatures up to 1093 C is discussed. Materials evaluated are SiC and Si3N4 fabricated from two near-net-shape processes: slip casting and injection molding. Stators for durability cycle evaluation and test specimens for material property characterization, and reliability prediction model prepared to predict stator performance in the simulated engine environment are considered. The status and description of the work performed for the reliability prediction modeling, stator fabrication, material property characterization, and ceramic stator evaluation efforts are reported.

Trela, W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

A spectral study of the persistent X-ray flux from 4 U/MXB 1636-53

A spectral analysis of the persistent X-ray flux from the X-ray burst source 4 U/MXB 1636-53, which was continuously observed with EXOSAT for about 25 h in May, 1984, is presented. It is found that no standard one-component spectral model provides an acceptable representation of all the data. However, almost all 'complex one-component' and 'two-component' models do accurately fit the data. A blackbody plus a 'multicolor' disk spectrum does not fit these data. In addition, some 'two-component' spectral models can be fitted to the data with more than one set of different parameter values. Based on these results, it is suggested that the various physical scenarios that have been proposed to interpret 'two-component' spectra of low-mass X-ray binaries may be based on mathematical parameterizations which may not provide unique representations of the data. If this is the case, the reported 'two-component' mathematical fits may not have any true physical significance.

Vacca, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Components Cleaning Facility, SWMU 30 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Interim Groundwater Monitoring (IGWM) Report (IGWMR) presents the findings of IGWM completed in June and December 2019 at the eastern portion of the Components Cleaning Facility (CCF East) site located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The site has been designated Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 030 under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program.

Patrice L Lehocky↗
NASA NTRS2005

Modifications of a Composite-Material Combustion Chamber

Two short reports discuss modifications of a small, lightweight combustion chamber that comprises a carbon/carbon composite outer shell and an iridium/ rhenium inner liner. The first report discusses chamber design modifications made as results of hot-fire tests and post-test characterization. The Books & Reports 32 NASA Tech Briefs, June 2005 modifications were intended to serve a variety of purposes, including improving fabrication, reducing thermal-expansion mismatch stresses, increasing strength-to-weight ratios of some components, and improving cooling of some components. The second report discusses (1) the origin of stress in the mismatch between the thermal expansions of the Ir/Re liner and a niobium sleeve and flange attached to the carbon/ carbon shell and (2) a modification intended to relieve the stress. The modification involves the redesign of an inlet connection to incorporate a compressible seal between the Ir/Re liner and the Nb flange. A nickel alloy was selected as the seal material on the basis of its thermal-expansion properties and its ability to withstand the anticipated stresses, including the greatest stresses caused by the high temperatures to be used in brazing during fabrication.

Williams, Brian E.↗
NASA NTRS1923

The Six-Component Wind Balance

Dr. Zahm's report is a description of the six-component wind-tunnel balance in use at the Aerodynamic Laboratory, Washington Navy Yard. The description of the balance gives the mechanical details and the method of operation, and is accompanied by line drawings showing the construction of the balance. The balance is of particular interest, as it allows the model to be set up quickly and accurately in roll, pitch, and yaw, without stopping the wind. It is possible to measure automatically, directly, and independently the drag, cross-wind force, and lift; also the rolling, pitching, and yawing moments. It is also possible to make the balance self-recording.

Zahm, A F↗
NASA NTRS1947

Three-Component Force and Mass-Flow Measurement on a Jet Nacelle

The present report contains three-component forces and mass-flow measurements on a jet nacelle at small inlet-velocity ratios v(sub A)/v(sub o) < 1. The mass-flow measurement on two cross sections of the nacelle demonstrate the local-velocity distribution with varying flow and angle of attack.

Ilgmann, G.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Component-Level Electronic-Assembly Repair (CLEAR) Synthetic Instrument Capabilities Assessment and Test Report

The role of synthetic instruments (SIs) for Component-Level Electronic-Assembly Repair (CLEAR) is to provide an external lower-level diagnostic and functional test capability beyond the built-in-test capabilities of spacecraft electronics. Built-in diagnostics can report faults and symptoms, but isolating the root cause and performing corrective action requires specialized instruments. Often a fault can be revealed by emulating the operation of external hardware. This implies complex hardware that is too massive to be accommodated in spacecraft. The SI strategy is aimed at minimizing complexity and mass by employing highly reconfigurable instruments that perform diagnostics and emulate external functions. In effect, SI can synthesize an instrument on demand. The SI architecture section of this document summarizes the result of a recent program diagnostic and test needs assessment based on the International Space Station. The SI architecture addresses operational issues such as minimizing crew time and crew skill level, and the SI data transactions between the crew and supporting ground engineering searching for the root cause and formulating corrective actions. SI technology is described within a teleoperations framework. The remaining sections describe a lab demonstration intended to show that a single SI circuit could synthesize an instrument in hardware and subsequently clear the hardware and synthesize a completely different instrument on demand. An analysis of the capabilities and limitations of commercially available SI hardware and programming tools is included. Future work in SI technology is also described.

Oeftering, Richard C.↗