Implications of triangular features in the Gaia skymap for the Caustic Ring Model of the Milky Way halo
Not Available
Chakrabarty, Sankha S. (ORCID:0000000300042254)↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Hybrid power plants: An effective way of decreasing loss-of-load expectation
Diversifying variable renewable resources by combining wind, solar photovoltaic, and battery assets in a hybrid power plant can increase renewable energy usage efficiency and improve system flexibility, particularly in distributed energy systems. However, the resilience impact of these systems, particularly outage mitigation, can be difficult to quantify due to uncertainty in resource, energy demand, and outage occurrence. Here, this study outlines a framework to quantify the incremental benefit of hybrid power plant assets for reducing loss-of-load expectation during random outage events. Hybrid power plant performance during outages (considering varying duration and severity) is simulated using a Monte Carlo methodology to reflect uncertainty associated with renewable resource, load demand, and outage timing. Results demonstrate the additional incremental value from increasingly hybrid designs, in which relative capacities of wind, solar photovoltaic, and storage assets contribute to lower loss-of-load expectation than the constituent technologies would alone. The value of added wind or solar capacity increases as the plant composition approaches an equal split. The value of added battery capacity depends on the outage duration and severity, but the first 50 MWh of added storage capacity is the most valuable for reducing the loss-of-load expectation for all plant designs.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Microsecond Pulsed Electric Fields: An Effective Way to Selectively Target and Radiosensitize Medulloblastoma Cancer Stem Cells
Cancer stem cells constitute an endless reserve for the maintenance and progression of tumors, and they could be the reason for conventional therapy failure. New therapeutic strategies are necessary to specifically target them. In this context, microsecond pulsed electric fields have been selected to expose D283Med cells, a human medulloblastoma cell line resulted to be rich in cancer stem cells, and normal human astrocytes.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Changing economics of China’s power system suggest that batteries and renewables may be a lower cost way to meet peak demand growth than coal
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29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Modeling the two-way coupling of stress, diffusion, and oxidation in heterogeneous CMC microstructures
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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
A practical way to regularize unfolding of sharply varying spectra with low data statistics
Unfolding is a well-established tool in particle physics. However, a naive application of the standard regularization techniques to unfold the momentum spectrum of protons ejected in the process of negative muon nuclear capture led to a result exhibiting unphysical artifacts. A finite data sample limited the range in which unfolding can be performed, thus introducing a cutoff. A sharply falling “true” distribution led to low data statistics near the cutoff, which exacerbated the regularization bias and produced an unphysical spike in the resulting spectrum. An improved approach has been developed to address these issues and is illustrated using a toy model. The approach uses full Poisson likelihood of data, and produces a continuous, physically plausible, unfolded distribution. Here, the new technique has a broad applicability since sharply falling spectra are common.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Systematic mapping on the evaluation of electrochemical CO2 conversion to fuels/chemicals/value-added products and way forward for breakthroughs in electrocatalysis
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Adegoke, Kayode Adesina (ORCID:0000000275020132)↗
A Systematic Way to Extend the Debye–Hückel Theory beyond Dilute Electrolyte Solutions
An extended Debye–Hückel theory with fourth order gradient term is developed for electrolyte solutions; namely, the electric potential φ(r) of the bulk electrolyte solution can be described by ∇ 2 φ(r) = κ 2 φ(r) + L Q 2 ∇ 4 φ(r), where the parameters κ and L Q are chosen to reproduce the first two roots of the dielectric response function of the bulk solution. Three boundary conditions for solving the electric potential problem are proposed based upon the continuity conditions of involving functions at the dielectric boundary, with which a boundary element method for the electric potential of a solute with a general geometrical shape and charge distribution is derived. Solutions for the electric potential of a spherical ion and a diatomic molecule are found and used to calculate their electrostatic solvation energies. In this work, the validity of the theory is successfully demonstrated when applied to binary as well as multicomponent primitive models of electrolyte solutions.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
An Attractive Way to Correct for Missing Singles Excitations in Unitary Coupled Cluster Doubles Theory
Coupled cluster methods based exclusively on double excitations are comparatively “cheap” and interesting model chemistries, as they are typically able to capture the bulk of the dynamic electron correlation effects. The trade-off in such approximations is that the effect of neglected excitations, particularly single excitations, can be considerable. Using standard and electron-pair-restricted T 2 operators to define two flavors of unitary coupled cluster doubles (UCCD) methods, we investigate the extent to which missing single excitations can be recovered from low-order corrections in many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) within the unitary coupled cluster (UCC) formalism. Here, our analysis includes the derivations of finite-order UCC energy functionals, which are used as a basis to define perturbative estimates of missed single excitations. This leads to the novel UCCD[4S] and UCCD[6S] methods, which consider energy corrections for missing single excitations through fourth- and sixth-order in MBPT, respectively. We also apply the same methodology to the electron-pair-restricted ansatz, but the improvements are only marginal. Our findings show that augmenting UCCD with these post hoc perturbative corrections can lead to UCCSD-quality results.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Acidic Conditions Impact Hydrophobe Transfer across the Oil–Water Interface in Unusual Ways
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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Ultralow Boundary Lubrication Friction by Three-Way Synergistic Interactions among Ionic Liquid, Friction Modifier, and Dispersant
Interactions among antiwear additives (AWs), friction modifiers (FMs), and dispersant in a lubricating oil are critical for tribological performance. This study investigates compatibilities of three oil-soluble ionic liquids (ILs, candidate AWs) with an FM, molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC), and a dispersant, polyisobutene succinimide (PIBSI) under boundary lubrication. Either synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed depending on the IL’s chemistry. Adding an aprotic phosphonium–alkylphosphate or phosphonium–alkylphosphinate IL into the oil containing MoDTC and PIBSI had detrimental impact on the friction and wear behavior. PIBSI was found to preferably interact/react with the aprotic IL to lose its ability of suspending MoDTC and to partially consume or even deplete the IL. In contrast, a protic ammonium–alkylphosphate IL seemed to be able to coexist with PIBSI and work synergistically with MoDTC, yielding a sustainable, ultralow boundary friction. A three-stage tribochemical process is proposed to explain how this IL + MoDTC pair interacts with the contact surface to form a chemically reacted, wear-protective tribofilm supporting a physically adsorbed, friction-reducing film on top. We report this study provides fundamental insights of the compatibilities among three common lubricant components, antiwear, friction modifier, and dispersant, which can be used to guide future lubricant development.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Gaps and ways forward in atmospheric blocking and extreme weather research
Atmospheric blocking often results in significant weather extremes, such as heatwaves, droughts, cold spells, and floods in mid-latitude regions. However, the physical processes behind blocking and its response to climate change are not well understood, which undermines predictions and decision-making for climate mitigation and adaptation. As a phenomenon with a timescale at the interface of weather and climate, blocking interacts with various elements of the climate system and connects short-term weather events to long-term climate extremes. Understanding atmospheric blocking is crucial, given that climate change may impact its frequency, duration, and geographic distribution. This perspective discusses new experimental approaches to improve our understanding of this important subject.
Wang, Lei [Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (↗
High temperature thermo-mechanical properties of praseodymium doped ceria thin films measured two ways
From 500 to 700 °C, the (100)-plane-averaged Pr 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95− δ thermo-chemical expansion coefficient increased from ∼12.5 to ∼17.5 ppm, the biaxial modulus remained ∼300 GPa, and the Young’s modulus remained ∼175 GPa.
Ma, Yuxi↗