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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Tethered balloon system and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Reveal Increased Organonitrates Aloft Compared to the Ground Level

Atmospheric particles play critical roles in climate. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the vertically resolved organic molecular-level composition of atmospheric particles due to aloft sampling challenges. To address this, we use a tethered balloon system at the Southern Great Plains Observatory and high-resolution mass spectrometry to, respectively, collect and characterize organic molecular formulas (MF) in the ground level and aloft (up to 750 m) samples. We show that organic MF uniquely detected aloft were dominated by organonitrates (139 MF; 54% of all uniquely detected aloft MF). Organonitrates that were uniquely detected aloft featured elevated O/C ratios (0.73 ± 0.23) compared to aloft organonitrates that were commonly observed at the ground level (0.63 ± 0.22). Unique aloft organic molecular composition was positively associated with increased cloud coverage, increased aloft relative humidity (~40% increase compared to ground level), and decreased vertical wind variance. Furthermore, 29% of extremely low volatility organic compounds in the aloft sample were truly unique to the aloft sample compared to the ground level, emphasizing potential oligomer formation at higher altitudes. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering vertically resolved organic molecular composition (particularly for organonitrates) and hypothesizes that aqueous phase transformations and vertical wind variance may be key variables affecting the molecular composition of aloft organic aerosol.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Room-temperature spin injection across a chiral perovskite/III–V interface

Spin accumulation in semiconductor structures at room temperature and without magnetic fields is key to enable a broader range of optoelectronic functionality. Current efforts are limited owing to inherent inefficiencies associated with spin injection across semiconductor interfaces. Here we demonstrate spin injection across chiral halide perovskite/III-V interfaces achieving spin accumulation in a standard semiconductor III-V (Al x Ga 1-x ) 0.5 In 0.5 P multiple quantum well light-emitting diode. The spin accumulation in the multiple quantum well is detected through emission of circularly polarized light with a degree of polarization of up to 15 ± 4%. The chiral perovskite/III-V interface was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cross-sectional scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy imaging, showing a clean semiconductor/semiconductor interface at which the Fermi level can equilibrate. Finally, these findings demonstrate that chiral perovskite semiconductors can transform well-developed semiconductor platforms into ones that can also control spin.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Structural and magnetic characterization of CeTa 7 ⁢O 19 and YbTa 7 ⁢ O 19 with a two-dimensional pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ triangular lattice

Triangular lattice antiferromagnets are prototypes for frustrated magnetism and may potentially realize novel quantum magnetic states such as a quantum spin-liquid ground state. A recent work suggests NdTa 7 ⁢O 19 with rare-earth triangular lattice is a quantum spin-liquid candidate and highlights the large family of rare-earth heptatantalates as a framework for quantum magnetism investigation. Here, in this paper, we report the structural and magnetic characterization of CeTa 7 ⁢ O 19 and YbTa 7 ⁢ O 19 . Both compounds are isostructural to NdTa 7 ⁢O 19 with no detectable structural disorder. For CeTa 7 ⁢O 19 , the crystal field energy levels and parameters are determined by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. Based on the crystal field result, the magnetic susceptibility data could be well fitted and explained, which reveals that CeTa 7 ⁢O 19 is a highly anisotropic Ising triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (𝑔 𝑧 ⁡/𝑔 𝑥⁢𝑦 ∼ 3) with very weak exchange interaction (J ∼ 0.22 K). For YbTa 7⁢ O 19 , millimeter-sized single crystals could be grown. The anisotropic magnetization and electron spin resonance data show that YbTa 7⁢ O 19 has a contrasting in-plane magnetic anisotropy with 𝑔 𝑧 ⁡/𝑔 𝑥⁢𝑦 ∼ 0.67 similar as that of YbMgGaO 4 . The above results indicate that CeTa7⁢ O 19 and YbTa 7 ⁢O 19 with pseudospin-1/2 ground states might either be quantum spin-liquid candidate materials or find applications in adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration due to the weak exchange interaction.

Pan, Feihao↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tracing priming effects in palsa peat carbon dynamics using a stable isotope-assisted metabolomics approach

Introduction: Peatlands store up to a third of global soil carbon, and in high latitudes their litter inputs are increasing and changing in composition under climate change. Although litter significantly influences peatland carbon and nutrient dynamics by changing the overall lability of peatland organic matter, the physicochemical mechanisms of this impact—and thus its full scope—remain poorly understood. Methods: We applied multimodal metabolomics (UPLC-HRMS, 1 H NMR) paired with 13 C Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolomics (SIAM) to track litter carbon and its potential priming effects on both existing soil organic matter and carbon gas emissions. Through this approach, we achieved molecule-specific tracking of carbon transformations at unprecedented detail. Results: Our analysis revealed several key findings about carbon dynamics in palsa peat. Microbes responded rapidly to litter addition, producing a short-term increase in CO 2 emissions, fueled nearly exclusively by transformations of litter carbon. Litter inputs significantly contributed to the organic nitrogen pool through amino acids and peptide derivatives, which served as readily accessible nutrient sources for microbial communities. We traced the fate of plant-derived polyphenols including flavonoids like rutin, finding evidence of their degradation through heterocyclic C-ring fission, while accumulation of some polyphenols suggested their role in limiting overall decomposition. The SIAM approach detected subtle molecular changes indicating minimal and transient priming activity that was undetectable through conventional gas measurements alone. This transient response was characterized by brief microbial stimulation followed by rapid return to baseline metabolism. Pre-existing peat organic matter remained relatively stable; significant priming of its consumption was not observed, nor was its structural alteration. Discussion: This suggests that while litter inputs temporarily increase CO 2 emissions, they don’t sustain long-term acceleration of stored carbon decomposition or substantially decrease peat’s carbon store capacity. Our findings demonstrate how technological advancements in analytical tools can provide a more detailed view of carbon cycling processes in complex soil systems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Shielded magnetic small-angle neutron scattering for characterization of radioactive samples

The development of a Pb-shielded fixture for the execution of a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)-based workflow for interrogation of highly irradiated nuclear materials has been explored. The Pb shielding was specially designed to reduce the detected radioactivity from the specimen during SANS experiments, and the overall configuration is termed shielded magnetic SANS (SM-SANS). Two FeCrAl-based alloys, C35M and 125YF, were examined with the SM-SANS technique using a free-form size distribution locally monodisperse model in both the as-received and irradiated states. Quantitative values derived from the free-form size distribution were compared with atom probe tomography experiments. Microstructural and compositional parameters determined using the two characterization techniques were complements of each other. The results demonstrate that the SM-SANS technique is an effective means of characterizing nanoscale clustering in irradiated material systems and provides new avenues for investigating radioactive material microstructures.

FeCrAl↗
DOE OSTI2025

The 2024 July 16 solar event: a challenge to the coronal mass ejection origin of long-duration gamma-ray flares

We present a multi-spacecraft analysis of the 2024 July 16 long-duration gamma-ray flare (LDGRF) detected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi satellite. The measured > 100 MeV γ-ray emission persisted for over seven hours after the flare impulsive phase, and was characterized by photon energies exceeding 1 GeV and a remarkably hard parent-proton spectrum. In contrast, the phenomena related to the coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shock linked to this eruption were modest, suggesting an inefficient proton acceleration unlikely to achieve energies well above the 300 MeV pion-production threshold to account for the observed γ-ray emission. Specifically, the CME was relatively slow (∼600 km/s) and the accompanying interplanetary type-II/III radio bursts were faint and short-lived, unlike those typically detected during large events. In particular, the type-II emission did not extend to kilohertz frequencies and disappeared ∼5.5 hours prior to the LDGRF end time. Furthermore, the associated solar energetic particle (SEP) event was very weak, short-duration, and limited to a few tens of MeV, even at magnetically well-connected spacecraft. These findings demonstrate that a very fast CME resulting in a high-energy SEP event is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of LDGRFs, challenging the idea that the high-energy γ-ray emission is produced by the back-precipitation of shock-accelerated ions into the solar surface. The alternative origin scenario based on local particle trapping and acceleration in large-scale coronal loops is instead favored by the observation of giant arch-like structures of hot plasma over the source region that persisted for the entire duration of this LDGRF.

Sun: UV radiation↗
DOE OSTI2024

Improving qubit coherence time through detailed materials analysis

This study investigates the defects, imperfections, and variations in superconducting Nb thin films deposited on sapphire substrates. Two samples, W114 and W118, were fabricated using DC Magnetron Sputtering and Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR), respectively. Each sample was analyzed at five distinct spots to compare elemental homogeneity and thickness variations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine surface morphology, while Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) provided elemental and chemical state analyses. SEM revealed distinct structures in W114 and a uniform surface in W118. EDS showed higher aluminum and oxygen signals in W118, indicating a thicker film. XPS detected a higher Nb₂O₅ signal in W118, attributed to a thicker oxygen layer. These findings highlight the critical role of precise material characterization in advancing quantum computing technologies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Commission < 5 µm spatial resolution x-ray imager for High Resolution Turbulence experiments

This report presents the successful development, commissioning, and deployment of the Scintillation-Based X-ray Imager (SBXI) for the High-Resolution Turbulence (HRT) campaign at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The SBXI system was designed to overcome the spatial resolution and efficiency limitations of conventional x-ray imaging detectors. Through careful system engineering, rigorous laboratory characterization, and experimental validation at NIF, the SBXI has demonstrated spatial resolution at the object plane of 5 μm (±0.5 μm) and a detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of 34% at 7.2 keV, both of which surpass the requirements set by the campaign, and meeting the L2 milestone. The system’s deployment enables high-fidelity imaging of fine-scale hydrodynamic instabilities, directly supporting advanced turbulence model validation and future high energy density physics research.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP v2.0) contribution to CMIP7

The first version of the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP v1.0) coordinated key simulations exploring the role of individual forcings in past, current and future climate as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). The simulations have been used extensively in the literature for detection and attribution of long-term changes, constraining projections of climate change, attributing extreme events and understanding drivers of past and future simulated climate changes. Attribution studies using DAMIP v1.0 simulations underpinned prominent assessments of human-induced warming in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report. Here, we describe the set of DAMIP v2.0 simulations, proposed for the next phase of CMIP, CMIP7. Detection and attribution studies rely on pre-industrial control simulations and historical simulations, which will be part of the Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima (DECK) set of simulations for CMIP7. In addition, we identify the three highest-priority single-forcing experiments for CMIP7 to be run as “Assessment Fast Track” simulations in support of the Seventh Assessment Report of the IPCC: simulations with natural forcings only, anthropogenic well-mixed greenhouse gases only and anthropogenic aerosols only. Beyond this, the DAMIP v2.0 experimental design includes full-column ozone-only simulations and land-use-only simulations, such that the set of individual forcing experiments, when these are considered together, represents the full set of historical forcings. While concentration-driven simulations are prioritised for attribution, emissions-driven versions of the DAMIP experiments are also proposed to support understanding of the influence of carbon-cycle feedbacks on the simulated responses to individual forcings.

Gillett, Nathan P. [Environment and Climate Change↗
DOE OSTI2026

Discovery and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Distant, Compact Milky Way Satellite in Gemini

We present the discovery of a compact Milky Way satellite in the constellation of Gemini. This system was discovered by cross-matching detections from two independent search algorithms applied to Blanco/DECam data from the third data release of the DECam Local Volume Exploration survey (DELVE DR3), and confirmed with deeper imaging from Gemini/GMOS-N. Based on these data, we determine that the system is an ultra-faint ($M_V = -2.1^{+0.4}_{-0.6}$), compact ($r_{1/2} = 8.6^{+1.4}_{-1.2}$ pc) system located at a heliocentric distance of $120^{+7}_{-6}$ kpc. These physical properties place the system in the regime of ambiguous, ultra-faint compact Milky Way halo satellites that cannot be confidently classified as dwarf galaxies or star clusters from morphology alone; we therefore name the system DELVE 8/Gemini I. From medium-resolution Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy, we securely identify four members including two blue horizontal branch stars, confirming the system as a bound satellite moving at a mean radial velocity of $v_{\rm hel} = -82.7^{+3.7}_{-3.9} {\rm km\,s}^{-1}$. We also use these spectra to place an upper limit of $\rm [Fe/H] \lesssim -2.5$ on the metallicity of DELVE 8/Gemini I's brightest star, supporting the classification of the system as either an ancient star cluster or ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. The discovery of faint, distant systems similar to DELVE 8/Gemini I is expected to become more common with upcoming surveys.

Overdeck, K. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.;↗
DOE OSTI2025

Radiation portal monitor data file format for comprehensive background radiation monitoring

Radiation portal monitors (RPMs) are widely used at border security checkpoints to detect the presence of radioactive materials in people, vehicles, and cargo. Typically, RPM detection systems consist of two pillars equipped with gamma and neutron detectors. To improve detection efficiency, RPMs employ techniques such as a limited energy window, dynamic alarm thresholds, and lead shielding. However, without continuous monitoring of background radiation, signal interpretation can be compromised, because environmental factors and mechanical failures can cause fluctuations. Here, we introduce a daily file format that logs gamma background and neutron background radiation levels continuously over a 24 h period; this format is different from traditional formats that record data only when the RPM is active or occupied. The approach enables RPM operators and analysts to (1) identify and diagnose malfunctioning components, (2) adjust system settings to account for dynamic environmental factors, and (3) use the recorded data to characterize outer space phenomena. Continuous background reporting is essential for identifying issues such as faulty connections, voltage divider failures, and errors in background updates. Continuous background reporting also enables the detection of external influences, including nearby X-ray scanners, temperature fluctuations, rainfall, cosmic radiation, and lunar phase changes. These data files are designed to be easily evaluated and parsed using common tools, and a quick review by an expert is often sufficient for problem diagnosis. We anticipate that continuous background radiation monitoring and these new strategies will significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of RPM systems, reducing the rate of false alarms and enhancing overall system performance.

Background radiation monitoring↗
DOE OSTI2026

UCB-GLOBES: An open-access mass spectral database of identified and unidentified atmospheric organic compounds

Chemical characterization of atmospheric organic aerosols using gas chromatography with 70 eV electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) has been used for decades in advancing molecular marker detection and identification, though primarily through suspect screening and/or targeted analyses. To advance non-targeted analyses of environmental samples, we have catalogued approximately 27 000 mass spectra (MS) of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of semi-volatile organic aerosol (OA) analytes in the open-access University of California Berkeley Goldstein Library of Organic Biogenic Environmental Spectra (UCB-GLOBES). Analytes were observed in ambient samples from the U.S. and the Central Amazon and/or laboratory simulations of secondary OA (SOA) formation. These samples are representative of OA under urban and biomass burning influences as well as SOA derived from biogenic precursors (e.g., isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) and biomass burning intermediates. MS are documented in UCB-GLOBES without regard to known chemical identity, annotated with extensive metadata such as sample source/experimental conditions, any structural information gained from MS analyses, and predicted chemical properties such as average carbon oxidation state and carbon number. UCB-GLOBES MS are compatible for importing into the NIST MS Search program, and we have also provided a Jupyter Notebook for MS visualization and comparisons. We demonstrate the utility of UCB-GLOBES through MS reanalyses of prior analytes observed in ambient data, finding a 20 % reduction in the number of analytes assigned to OA source categories reliant solely on time series correlation and an overall 11 % increase in new MS-based OA source categorization for the Southeast U.S. For 1513 analytes observed previously in the Central Amazon, we found 375 MS matches using UCB-GLOBES vs. 136 MS matches during prior analyses, representing a 14 % gain in newly confirmed or newly categorized OA species. While OA from laboratory oxidation experiments in UCB-GLOBES are highly diverse chemically, on average only 29 % of UCB-GLOBES MS have a mass spectral match to another MS entry in UCB-GLOBES and/or in databases of known compounds (i.e. NIST MS Database, Adams Essential Oil, MANE Flavor and Fragrance Company). This indicates that roughly 70 % of UCB-GLOBES MS are unique thus far, not observed more than once among the laboratory oxidation samples and ambient data in UCB-GLOBES MS. Further, only 18 % can be positively identified using these databases or known authentic standards. This points to a large gap between these laboratory simulations and ambient OA. Overall, the UCB-GLOBES database can be utilized for improving confidence in OA source categorization and/or identification, novel chemical marker discovery, tracking chemical diversity, de novo structure and properties prediction, and improving MS search and matching algorithms. This can ultimately inform future research priorities for the chemical characterization of atmospheric organic samples.

Mass spectrometry↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tensile and fatigue characterization of multifunctional composites

This research is part of a larger effort to develop advanced self-sensing multifunctional polymer composites that are both lightweight and high-strength, while also enabling structural damage detection, fatigue cycle monitoring, and service life prediction. These multifunctional composites are particularly sought after in the automotive industry for their potential to significantly reduce vehicle weight and simultaneously provide additional functionality like condition monitoring to enhance safety. This study examines the tensile and fatigue properties of a composite material composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer embedded with piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles. The integration of BaTiO3 nanoparticles not only supplies the material with self-sensing capabilities but also influences its mechanical properties. While a high content of BaTiO3 nanoparticles is desired to enhance sensing capacity, the brittle nature of such materials causes concerns of decreased strength characteristics. To explore this, various composite samples were fabricated with nanoparticle contents ranging from 0 wt% to 20 wt%. These samples underwent tensile testing to measure their ultimate tensile strengths and Young’s moduli. Following this, fatigue tests were conducted to generate S-N curves, which are essential for understanding the material's durability under cyclic loading. The findings from these tests assess the impact of nanoparticle content on the composite’s tensile strength and fatigue life, providing essential insights that can guide the optimization and design of future self-sensing multifunctional composites. The results suggest that 5 wt% BaTiO3 provides an optimal balance between mechanical properties and nanoparticle concentration, making it a promising composition for semi-structural applications.

Bowland, Christopher [ORNL] (ORCID:000000021229431↗
DOE OSTI2024

Acoustic Measurements of Solvent Extraction Processes in Support of Safeguards

The proposed poster focuses on using acoustic monitoring to advance detection techniques for reprocessing equipment in support of nuclear safeguards. The usage of free air acoustic monitoring has been previously demonstrated at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) at facilities such as the Advanced Test Reactor and the National Security Test Range. However, this work focuses on a deployment environment dedicated to monitoring separation processes, using solvent extraction equipment such as centrifugal contactors. This environment offers an opportunity for signal discovery and in characterizing acoustic signatures of the equipment in operation. This data can support the development of safeguards by design and security by design measures for aqueous reprocessing facilities. Furthermore, this type of monitoring can aid in early detection and identification of removed materials indicating diversion, which is essential for initiating material recovery and actor identification. The results of this work include data from nine low-frequency acoustic sensors used to investigate potential acoustic characteristics of centrifugal contactors used in multi-stage processes. The results also discuss the correlation between the signatures and the operation of the contactor banks.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nanoscale Imaging and Measurements of Grain Boundary Thermal Resistance in Ceramics with Scanning Thermal Wave Microscopy

Material thermal conductivity is a key factor in various applications, from thermal management to energy harvesting. With microstructure engineering being a widely used method for customizing material properties, including thermal properties, understanding and controlling the role of extended phonon-scattering defects, like grain boundaries, is crucial for efficient material design. However, systematic studies are still lacking primarily due to limited tools. In this study, we demonstrate an approach for measuring grain boundary thermal resistance by probing the propagation of thermal waves across grain boundaries with a temperature-sensitive scanning probe. The method, implemented with a spatial resolution of about 100 nm on finely grained Nb-substituted SrTiO 3 ceramics, achieves a detectability of about 2 × 10 –8 K m 2 W –1 , suitable for chalcogenide-based thermoelectrics. The measurements indicated that the thermal resistance of the majority of grain boundaries in the STiO 3 ceramics is below this value. While there are challenges in improving sensitivity, considering spatial resolution and the amount of material involved in the detection, the sensitivity of the scanning probe method is comparable to that of optical thermoreflectance techniques, and the method opens up an avenue to characterize thermal resistance at the level of single grain boundaries and domain walls in a spectrum of microstructured materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-Throughput Characterization Tools/Algorithms To Outline Porosity Variability in AM Samples as a Function of Processing Conditions

This report documents the development and deployment of advanced algorithms and tools that enable high-throughput characterization for metal additive manufacturing (AM), with a particular focus on process parameter optimization and material/part qualification for nuclear applications. While the method ologies presented support diverse characterization techniques, the majority of the work is centered on AI-driven algorithms for X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to accelerate defect detection and materials analysis at scale.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Trace Element Analyses of Micron-Size Particles and Statistical Determination of Minimum Detection Limits

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) has developed expertise in producing homogeneous, ca. 1 m-diameter spherical particles of mixed-element components, wherein dopants can be varied from a trace constituent (ppm) to wt.% concentrations. The samples used for this work are nickel-doped cerium oxide microspheres produced by SRNL. They were initially selected as analogs for plutonium-doped uranium oxide particles and analyzed as part of a larger study to evaluate whether electron probe microanalyzers (EPMA) can be used to characterize nuclear materials as an alternative or complementary method to mass spectrometers. The five samples used in this study contained nominal compositions of 0, 0.004, 0.04, 0.4 and 4 wt.% Ni. They were analyzed by both an Agilent 7900 Q-ICP-MS at SRNL and the JEOL JXA&#x2;8530F Plus EPMA at the University of Minnesota. In addition to EPMA results (calibrated with high-precision Q-ICP-MS analyses) suggesting that the EPMA could address outstanding nuclear material characterization needs, these samples 1) showcase the ability of the EPMA to quantify not just trace concentrations, but trace concentrations in microparticles (1 m diameter, Fig. 1), and 2) offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the methodology for assessing the minimum detection limits of EPMA analyses.

McSwiggen, Peter [JEOL USA, 11 Dearborn Road, Peab↗
DOE OSTI2025

Functional protein mining with conformal guarantees

Molecular structure prediction and homology detection offer promising paths to discovering protein function and evolutionary relationships. However, current approaches lack statistical reliability assurances, limiting their practical utility for selecting proteins for further experimental and in-silico characterization. To address this challenge, we introduce a statistically principled approach to protein search leveraging principles from conformal prediction, offering a framework that ensures statistical guarantees with user-specified risk and provides calibrated probabilities (rather than raw ML scores) for any protein search model. Our method (1) lets users select many biologically-relevant loss metrics (i.e. false discovery rate) and assigns reliable functional probabilities for annotating genes of unknown function; (2) achieves state-of-the-art performance in enzyme classification without training new models; and (3) robustly and rapidly pre-filters proteins for computationally intensive structural alignment algorithms. Our framework enhances the reliability of protein homology detection and enables the discovery of uncharacterized proteins with likely desirable functional properties.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗