Cryogenic connector for vacuum use Patent
Leakproof soft metal seal for use in very high vacuum systems operating at cryogenic temperatures
Kitts, W. T.↗
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Infrared-visible window composite for ultrahigh vacuum
Composite window permitting visual or photographic observation and IR irradiation of test materials in ultrahigh vacuum system
Roepke, W. W.↗
Recommended safety guides for industrial laboratories and shops
Booklet provides references to 29 publications providing information on hazard control and approved safety practices. Areas include pressurized gas and vacuum systems. Guidelines are presented for safeguarding facilities where machinery, equipment, electrical devices, or hazardous chemicals are used.
Allison, W. W.↗
Ultrathin gate valve for high vacuum operation
Thin, compact, high-vacuum gate valve used to join two vacuum systems together demonstrates multiple operation reliability. Valve measurements and non-protruding handle make valve usable in confined areas.
Ugiansky, R. J.↗
Microchemical, microphysical, and adhesive properties of lunar material. II
Vacuum pumped Apollo 12 lunar soil sample 12001,118 gas exposure effects, interface microanalysis and adhesion measurements in ultrahigh vacuum system
Grossman, J. J.↗
Simple, reproducible methods for thermal shock testing of brittle materials
Technique requires radio frequency induction power source, induction furnace and good vacuum system to induce brittle material thermal shock testing.
Rowley, J. C.↗
Effect of metallurgical structure and properties on adhesion and friction behavior of cobalt alloys
The metallurgical structure and some of the mechanical properties of two cobalt alloys, cobalt-50% iron and cobalt-25% molybdenum-10% chromium, were determined under various heat treated conditions. The mechanical properties of the bcc disordered Co-50Fe alloy, which was found to be very brittle, indicated an exceedingly low fracture strength, low hardness, and very weak grain boundary strength. Ordering by suitable heat treatment only produced a more brittle material with a lower fracture strength and a slightly higher hardness value. Work hardening was found to produce a finer grain structure and a greater grain boundary strength. Tensile properties were examined. It was found that the Co-25Mo-10Cr alloy was difficult to place in the alpha Co solid solution condition, which limited the ability to use precipitation as a hardening reaction. Over two hundred adhesion cycles from zero contact load, to maximum load, to fracture were conducted between couples for each of the above alloys in an ultrahigh vacuum system which would permit the sample surfaces to be cleaned of all contaminant layers. In the Co-50Fe case, the calculated fracture stress from the adhesion tests showed values in the range of 80 to 150 k.s.i., which is about ten times greater than the values from tension tests.
Keller, D. V., Jr.↗
X-ray scattering study
A soft X-ray glancing incidence telescope mirror and a group of twelve optical flat samples were used to study the scattering of X-rays. The mirror was made of Kanigen coated beryllium and the images produced were severely limited by scattering of X-rays. The best resolution attained was about fifteen arc seconds. The telescope efficiency was found to be 0.0006. The X-ray beam reflected from the twelve optical flat samples was analyzed by means of a long vacuum system of special design for these tests. The scattering then decreased with increasing angle of incidence until a critical angle was passed. At larger angles the scattering increased again. The samples all scattered more at 44 A than at 8 A. Metal samples were found to have about the same scattering at 44 A but greater scattering at 8 A than glass samples.
Wriston, R. S.↗
Study of the gas contents of rocks: An approach to the evolution of atmospheres on the earth and planets
A high vacuum system was built for extracting volatiles from rocks either by heating or crushing, and preliminary analyses of the volatiles were made for selected terrestrial basalts and granites. The apparatus and experimental procedures are described, and the major problems associated with water measurement and choice of argon to replace neon as the internal standard are discussed. Preliminary analyses of granites and basalts indicate the following: All analyses lie in the H2O-CO2-CO triangle on a C-H-O ternary diagram. The compositions of the volatiles plot in distinct, but overlapping, areas of the C-H-O diagram. Pre-Cambrian granites have a higher volatile content than younger granites. Continental basalts have a higher volatile content than oceanic basalts.
Barker, C.↗
An experimental study of the cryoentrainment pump and the behavior of nude ionization gauge at low temperature
The use of cryopumping techniques to obtain a contamination free vacuum is discussed. Of those gases that are normally present in an initially air filled vacuum system, only carbon dioxide and water vapor will be effectively pumped at 77 degrees Kelvin. In order to circumvent this restriction on the types of gases that are pumped at this temperature, it is postulated that a gas which is easily condensable at 77 degrees K be injected into the system in the form of a directed stream. The stream would then entrain the normally noncondensable species by a momentum transfer mechanism. After sweeping through the volume to be pumped, the injected gas stream would then be condensed on a cryopumping surface maintained at 77 degrees Kelvin.
Daggerhart, J. A.↗
Investigation of a possible solar-wind darkening of the lunar surface by photoelectron spectroscopy.
Detailed sequential study by photoelectron spectroscopy of the change in valence states of iron in Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, and Fe foil samples, showing that chemical reduction does take place on the sample surface when argon ion bombardment occurs. These spectra give evidence that, after prolonged ion bombardment, the surface of all four samples consisted predominantly of iron in the metallic state. Argon ion sputtering of 15 silicate and oxide samples under similar experimental conditions produced surface darkening only in samples containing iron. Monitoring of the photoelectron peak of carbon during the experiment indicates that ion-bombardment darkening is not due to the buildup of hydrocarbon surface contaminants in the oil-free high-vacuum system used by the authors. On the basis of these studies, it is concluded that solar-wind bombardment should be included as one of the possible mechanisms for producing darkening of the lunar surface.
Yin, L. I.↗
Machining of low percentage beryllium copper alloys
Airborne beryllium sampling during machining of low percentage beryllium-copper alloys shows that normal dry machining creates 45.2 microgram/cu m of airborne beryllium in the casting operators breathing zone and 2.3 microgram/cu m in an adjacent machine working area. A small vacuum system placed over the tool effectively removes airborne beryllium in the breathing zone sample to 0.2 microgram/cu m.
Habermeyer, J. G.↗
Calibration plan for ultraviolet spectrometer experiment S169
The calibration test equipment presented is employed to calibrate completely assembled and flight-ready Apollo Ultraviolet Spectrometers (UVS) consisting of a vacuum system in which the UVS can be installed. In it a premonochromator produces a monochromatic beam at any desired wavelength from a UV source. This beam can be focused by an adjustable transfer mirror to any point on the entrance slit of the UVS. The transfer mirror can also direct the beam to one or both of two absolutely calibrated reference photomultiplier tubes to determine the number of photons which enter the UVS. A movable mirror rhomb is also provided to intermittently monitor the number of photons in the beam when the beam is centered on the entrance slit.
Source record↗
Apparatus for recovering matter adhered to a host surface
The development of an apparatus for removing and recovering matter adhered to a host surface is described. The device consists of a pickup head with an ultrasonic transducer adapted to deliver ultrasonic pressure waves against the material. The ultrasonic waves agitate the material and cause its separation from the surface. A vacuum system recovers the material and delivers it to suitable storage containers.
Paik, W. W.↗
Access to uncombined titanium through an inhibiting film in sublimation pumping of deuterium.
In principle, titanium bulk sublimator pumping should be ideal for removing large quantities of deuterium from a vacuum system. In practice, much of the deposited titanium remains uncombined and is wasted. We have demonstrated, through a series of experiments, that it is possible (by the addition of a thin layer of titanium to an apparently occluded surface) to gain access to previously deposited sublayers of uncombined titanium in spite of the presence of an inhibiting film (such as an oxide) on the surface.
Steinberg, R.↗
Dissociative excitation of molecular hydrogen by electron impact.
A pulsed electron beam was employed in the experiment to excite a diffuse gas of hydrogen molecules. The energy resolution of the electron gun permitted careful measurements of the thresholds for the production of slow and fast H(2s) atoms. The experiment was conducted in a vacuum system that facilitated a systematic study of the angular distribution of the fragments in the dissociative excitation process. The results permit the identification of the several excited states that are involved in the production of the H(2s) fragments.
Misakian, M.↗
Long life neutron generator target using deuterium pass-through structure
Target structure permits all deuterons, except the one-in-a-million that interacts with tritium atom to produce a neutron, to pass completely through target structure and be returned to vacuum system. Since tritium atoms are not displaced as in conventional targets, tritium population will remain unchanged while under deuteron bombardment.
Alger, D. L.↗
Development study of the X-ray scattering properties of a group of optically polished flat samples
A group of twelve optically polished flat samples were used to study the scattering of X-rays. The X-ray beam reflected from the twelve optical flat samples was analyzed by means of a long vacuum system of special design for these tests. The scattering measurements were made at 8.34A and 0.92 deg angle of incidence. The results for ten of the samples are comparable, the two exceptions being the fire polished samples.
Froechtenigt, J. F.↗