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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Towards high-resolution ptychographic x-ray diffraction microscopy

Ptychographic x-ray diffraction microscopy is a lensless imaging technique with a large field of view and high spatial resolution, which is also useful for characterizing the wavefront of an x-ray probe. The performance of this technique is degraded by positioning errors due to the drift between the sample and illumination optics. We propose an experimental approach for correcting the positioning errors and demonstrate success by two-dimensionally reconstructing both the wavefront of the focused x-ray beam and the complex transmissivity of the weakly scattering objects at the pixel resolution of better than 10 nm in the field of view larger than 5 {mu}m. This method is applicable to not only the observation of organelles inside cells or nano-mesoscale structures buried within bulk materials but also the characterization of probe for single-shot imaging with x-ray free electron lasers.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Crystal defects and related stress in Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films: Origin, modeling, and consequence on the stability of the C-type structure

We study the impact that the crystal defects have on the C-type structure of rare earth sesquioxide thin films grown by ion-beam sputtering, through the example of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. By monitoring the energy of the argon beam used in the sputter deposition process (between 600 and 1200 eV), we show that it is possible to control the microstructure (defects concentration, stress state and phase) in the oxide layer. Two main types of defects, ascribed to the 'atomic peening effect', are evidenced by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and nuclear reaction analysis experiments: anti-Frenkel pairs, leading to a disorder on the oxygen-vacancy network, and oxygen-vacancy dislocations loops, to accommodate the strong nonstoichiometry. From a macroscopic measurement of the residual stresses in the as-deposited and the annealed layers, through x-ray diffraction and the sin{sup 2}{Psi} method, we have modeled the related stress state using an enhanced triaxial stress model. In the as-grown films, we evidence the coexistence of a biaxial and a hydrostatic stress, due to inclusions of atomic size defects. Quantitative information of the concentration and the nature of each type of defect (size effect) have also been determined, in good agreement with experiments. Interestingly, in the most energetic growth conditions corresponding to the highest degree of disorder on the oxygen-vacancy network and to the highest stress field in the film, we demonstrate that it is possible to stabilize an unexpected and metastable non equilibrium fluorite-like phase (X-type).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

From amorphous to microcrystalline: Phase transition in rapid synthesis of hydrogenated silicon thin film in low frequency inductively coupled plasmas

Hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by low frequency inductively coupled plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition using a silane precursor with low hydrogen dilution at room temperature. The crystallinity and microstructure properties of the Si:H thin films deposited at different inductive radio-frequency (rf) power density were systematically studied by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that at a low rf power density of 16.7 to 20.8 mW/cm{sup 3}, the structure of silicon thin films evolves from a completely amorphous phase to an intermediate phase containing both amorphous and microcrystalline silicon. As the power density is increased to a moderate value of 25 mW/cm{sup 3}, a highly crystallized (111)-preferred hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon ({mu}c-Si:H) film featuring a vertically aligned cone-shaped structure, is emerging. Both the crystallinity and deposition rate exhibit a monotonic increase with the increase in the rf power density, reaching a maximum value of 85% and 1.07 nm/s, respectively, at a power density of 41.7 mW/cm{sup 3}. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that continuous and dense {mu}c-Si:H films with grain size of tens to hundreds nanometers can be achieved deterministically without the formation of amorphous incubation layer, and this is of great importance for synthesis of multilayer structures in p-i-n solar cells. The formation mechanism of the {mu}c-Si:H films and the elimination of the amorphous incubation layer are explained in terms of the high electron density and the plasma-surface interactions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

A computational framework for ptychographic reconstructions

Ptychography is now a well-established X-ray microscopy tool for synchrotron end-stations equipped with a scanning stage and a pixelated detector. Ptychographic phasing algorithms use information from coherent diffraction to deliver quantitative images of the specimen at a resolution higher than the scanning resolution. These algorithms have traditionally been implemented in software on a per-instrument basis in various degrees of user-friendliness and sophistication. Here, we present Ptypy, a ptychography software written with the intention to serve as a framework across the diverse sets of available instruments and usage cases. A distinctive feature of the software is its formalism, which provides a convenient abstraction of the physical model, thus allowing for concise algorithmic implementations and portability across set-up geometries. We give an overview of the supported usage cases, explain the abstraction layer and design principles, and provide a step-by-step guide describing how an algorithm may be realized in a concise and readable manner. The software capabilities are illustrated with reconstructions from visible light and X-ray data.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Crystal structure of Kuzel's salt 3CaO.Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.1/2CaSO{sub 4}.1/2CaCl{sub 2}.11H{sub 2}O determined by synchrotron powder diffraction

The crystal structure of Kuzel's salt has been successfully determined by synchrotron powder diffraction. It crystallizes in the rhombohedral R3-bar symmetry with a = 5.7508 (2) A, c = 50.418 (3) A, V = 1444.04 (11) A{sup 3}. Joint Rietveld refinement was realized using three X-ray powder patterns recorded with a unique wavelength and three different sample-to-detector distances. Kuzel's salt is the chloro-sulfoaluminate AFm phase and belongs to the layered double hydroxide (LDH) large family. Its structure is composed of positively charged main layer [Ca{sub 2}Al(OH){sub 6}]{sup +} and negatively charged interlayer [Cl{sub 0.50}.(SO{sub 4}){sub 0.25}.2.5H{sub 2}O]{sup -}. Chloride and sulfate anions are ordered into two independent crystallographic sites and fill successive interlayer leading to the formation of a second-stage compound. The two kinds of interlayer have the compositions [Cl.2H{sub 2}O]{sup -} and [(SO{sub 4}){sub 0.5}.3H{sub 2}O]{sup -}. The crystal structure explains why chloride and sulfate anions are not substituted and why the formation of extended solid solution in the chloro-sulfate AFm system does not occur.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Aplanatic Three-Mirror Objective for High-Magnification Soft X-Ray Microscopy

An innovative solution for high-magnification microscopy, based on attaching afocal optics for focal length reduction, is proposed. The solution, consisting of three spherical mirrors, allows one to enhance a magnification of a laboratory based soft x-ray microscope over 1000x, where movies with diffraction-limited resolution can be observed with an x-ray CCD. The design example, having a numerical aperture of 0.25, was successfully demonstrated both a high magnification and a large field of view.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Epitaxial growth and electronic properties of mixed valence YbAl{sub 3} thin films

We report the growth of thin films of the mixed valence compound YbAl{sub 3} on MgO using molecular-beam epitaxy. Employing an aluminum buffer layer, epitaxial (001) films can be grown with sub-nm surface roughness. Using x-ray diffraction, in situ low-energy electron diffraction, and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we establish that the films are ordered in the bulk as well as at the surface. Our films show a coherence temperature of 37 K, comparable to that reported for bulk single crystals. Photoelectron spectroscopy reveals contributions from both f{sup 13} and f{sup 12} final states establishing that YbAl{sub 3} is a mixed valence compound and shows the presence of a Kondo Resonance peak near the Fermi-level.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Coherent 3D nanostructure of γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}: Simulation of whole X-ray powder diffraction pattern

The structure and nanostructure features of nanocrystalline γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} obtained by dehydration of boehmite with anisotropic platelet-shaped particles were investigated. The original models of 3D coherent nanostructure of γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were constructed. The models of nanostructured γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles were first confirmed by a direct simulation of powder X–Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns using the Debye Scattering Equation (DSE) with assistance of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study. The average crystal structure of γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was shown to be tetragonally distorted. The experimental results revealed that thin γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} platelets were heterogeneous on a nanometer scale and nanometer-sized building blocks were separated by partially coherent interfaces. The XRD simulation results showed that a specific packing of the primary crystalline blocks in the nanostructured γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles with formation of planar defects on (001), (100), and (101) planes nicely accounted for pronounced diffuse scattering, anisotropic peak broadening and peak shifts in the experimental XRD pattern. The identified planar defects in cation sublattice seem to be described as filling cation non-spinel sites in existing crystallographic models of γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} structure. The overall findings provided an insight into the complex nanostructure, which is intrinsic to the metastable γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} oxide. - Highlights: • Thin plate-like crystallites of γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were obtained. • Models of 3D coherent nanostructure of γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were constructed. • Models were verified by simulating XRD patterns using the Debye Scattering Equation. • Specific broadening of XRD peaks was explained in terms of planar defects. • Primary crystalline blocks in γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} are separated by partially coherent interfaces.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Effect of nitrogen-doping temperature on the structure and photocatalytic activity of the B,N-doped TiO{sub 2}

B,N-TiO{sub 2} photocatalysts were synthesized by boron doping firstly and subsequently nitrogen doping in NH{sub 3} at variable temperatures. The effects of the nitrogen doping temperature on the structure and photocatalytic activity of the B,N-codoped TiO{sub 2} were investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated with photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye (MO) under visible light and UV-visible light irradiation. The results suggested that the boron and nitrogen can be incorporated into the TiO{sub 2} lattice either interstitially or substitutionally or both, while the Ti-O-B-N structure plays a vital role in photocatalytic activity in visible light region. The optimal nitrogen doping temperature is 550 {sup o}C. Higher temperature may form many oxygen vacancies and Ti{sup 3+} species, resulting in the decrease of photocatalytic activity in visible light. -- Graphical abstract: The changes of photocatalytic activity of B,N-TiO{sub 2} with variable nitrogen doping temperatures are attributed to the transformation of surface structure and oxygen vacancies, and the Ti-O-B-N structure plays a vital role in photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Display Omitted Research highlights: > B,N-TiO{sub 2} photocatalysts are synthesized by boron doping firstly and subsequently nitrogen doping in NH{sub 3} at variable temperatures. > The boron and nitrogen can be incorporated into the TiO{sub 2} lattice either interstitially or substitutionally or both. > The temperature of nitrogen doping affects the transformation of surface structure and oxygen vacancies. > The Ti-O-B-N structure plays an important role in photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

In situ transmission electron microscopy analysis of conductive filament during solid electrolyte resistance switching

An in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of a solid electrolyte, Cu-GeS, during resistance switching is reported. Real-time observations of the filament formation and disappearance process were performed in the TEM instrument and the conductive-filament-formation model was confirmed experimentally. Narrow conductive filaments were formed corresponding to resistance switching from high- to low-resistance states. When the resistance changed to high-resistance state, the filament disappeared. It was also confirmed by use of selected area diffractometry and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy that the conductive filament was made of nanocrystals composed mainly of Cu.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-resolution in-situ characterization of laser powder bed fusion via transmission X-ray microscopy at X-ray free electron lasers

In this work, we describe the instrumentation used to perform the first operando transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and simultaneous X-ray diffraction of laser melting simulating laser powder bed fusion on the XCS instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). Our TXM with 40× magnification in the X-ray regime at 11 keV gave spatial resolutions down to 940 nm per line pair, with effective pixel sizes down to 206 nm, image integration times of <100 fs, and frame rates tunable between 2.1 and 119 ns for two probe frames (0.48 GHz to 8.4 MHz). Images were recorded on Zyla and Icarus (UXI) detectors to trade off between spatial resolution and time dynamics. A 1 kW CW IR laser was coupled into the interaction point to conduct pump–probe studies of laser melting and solidification dynamics. Our temporal and spatial resolution with attenuation-based contrast exceeds that currently possible with synchrotron-based high-speed radiography. This system was sensitive to feature velocities of 10–12000 m s −1 but we did not observe any motion in this range in the laser melting of Al6061 alloy. Shockwaves were not observed and hot cracking proceeded at velocities below the detection limits. Pore accumulation was observed between successive shots, indicating that bubble escape mechanisms were not active. With proper experimental design, the spatial resolution, contrast and field of view could be further improved or modified. The increased brightness and narrower bandwidth of the XFEL allowed for this imaging technique and it lays the groundwork for a wide range of operando techniques to study additive manufacturing.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Dealloying in Individual Nanoparticles and Thin Film Grains: A Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging Study

Dealloying is a process whereby selective dissolution results in a porous, strained structure often with new properties. The process is of both intrinsic and applied interest, and recently has been used to make highly active catalysts. The porosity has been studied using electron microscopy while the dealloying-induced strain has been studied at the ensemble level using X-ray diffraction. Despite the importance of local, for example, at the individual particle or grain level, strain in controlling the properties of the dealloyed material, it remains unresolved due to the difficulty of imaging 3D strain distributions with nanometer resolution in reactive environments. This information could play an integral role in understanding and controlling lattice strain for a variety of applications. Here, 3D strain distributions in individual nanoparticles and thin film grains in silver-gold alloys undergoing nitric acid-induced dealloying are imaged by Bragg coherent diffractive imaging. Particles exhibit dramatic changes in their local strains due to dealloying but grains do not. Furthermore, the average lattice in both grains and particles contracts during dealloying. In general, the results reveal significant dealloying-induced strain heterogeneity at the nanoscale in both isolated and extended samples, which may be utilized to develop advanced nanostructures for a variety of important applications.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Iron in carbonate containing AFm phases

One of the AFm phases in hydrated Portland cement is Ca{sub 3}(Al{sub x}Fe{sub 2} {sub -} {sub x})O{sub 6}.CaCO{sub 3}.nH{sub 2}O. It is based on hexagonal and platey structural elements and the interlayer structure incorporates CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}. The solid phases were experimentally synthesized and characterized by different techniques including X-ray techniques (XRD and EXAFS) and vibrational spectroscopy techniques (IR, Raman). Fe-monocarbonate (Fe-Mc) and Al-monocarbonate (Al-Mc) were found to be stable up to 50 {sup o}C, while Fe-hemicarbonate (Fe-Hc) was unstable with respect to Fe-Mc in the presence of calcite. Fe-Mc has a rhombohedral R3-barc symmetry which is different from the triclinic of the Al analogue. Both XRD and thermodynamic modelling of the liquid compositions indicated that Al-Mc and the Fe-Mc phases do not form solid solution. The solubility products were calculated experimentally at 20 {sup o}C and 50 {sup o}C. Under standards condition the solubility products and other thermodynamic parameters were estimated using temperature-solubility product extrapolation and found to be logK{sub S0} (Fe-Mc) = -34.59 {+-} 0.50, logK{sub S0} (Fe-Hc) = -30.83 {+-} 0.50 and logK{sub S0}(Al-Mc) = -31.32 {+-} 0.50.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Rapid breakdown anodization technique for the synthesis of high aspect ratio and high surface area anatase TiO{sub 2} nanotube powders

Clusters of high aspect ratio, high surface area anatase-TiO{sub 2} nanotubes with a typical nanotube outer diameter of about 18 nm, wall thickness of approximately 5 nm and length of 5-10 {mu}m were synthesized, in powder form, by breakdown anodization of Ti foils in 0.1 M perchloric acid, at 10 V (299 K) and 20 V ({approx}275 and 299 K). The surface area, morphology, structure and band gap were determined from Brunauer Emmet Teller method, field emmission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, photoluminescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopic studies. The tubular morphology and anatase phase were found to be stable up to 773 K and above 773 K anatase phase gradually transformed to rutile phase with disintegration of tubular morphology. At 973 K, complete transformation to rutile phase and disintegration of tubular morphology were observed. The band gap of the as prepared and the annealed samples varied from 3.07 to 2.95 eV with increase in annealing temperature as inferred from photoluminescence and diffuse reflectance studies. -- Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: {yields} High aspect ratio anatase-titania nanotube powders were synthesized electrochemically. {yields} The surface area of the nanotubes were much higher than those reported. {yields} The annealing temperature limit for maintaining tubular morphology was established. {yields} The photoluminiscence spectroscopy reflected the presence of defects, annealing of defects and phase transformation. {yields} The nanotubes were of {approx}5 nm wall thickness as revealed by TEM studies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

One-step growth of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} stem-branch featured nanostructures: Morphology control by VS and VLS mode

We report here one-step synthesis of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanodendrites by selectively applying a vapor-solid (VS) and vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) strategy via direct current arc discharge method. The resultant nanodendrites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The spine-shaped nanodendrites were generated by a noncatalytic growth following a VS mode. The uniform secondary nanowire branches were epitaxial grown from two side surfaces of the nanowire stems. The pine-shaped nanodendrites were obtained through a catalytic growth in a VLS process. These branch nanowires were unsystematically grown from the nanocone-like stems. The photoluminescence spectra of the nanodendrites show a strong white light emission around 400-750 nm, suggesting their potential applications in light and electron emission devices. - Graphical abstract: Spine-shaped and pine-shaped Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized by VS and VLS mode with plasma-assisted dc arc discharge method. Highlights: > Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} stem-branch featured nanostructures have been prepared. > Spine-shaped nanodendrites were generated by a noncatalytic growth following a VS mode. > Pine-shaped nanodendrites were obtained through a catalytic growth in a VLS process.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Novel pseudo-morphotactic synthesis and characterization of tungsten nitride nanoplates

A novel pseudo-morphotactic transformation route was developed to synthesize polycrystalline {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates by thermally treating tungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid nanobelts with a lamellar microstructure in an NH{sub 3} flow. The tungstate-based hybrid nanobelts were formed in a water-in-oil-microemulsion-like 'commercial H{sub 2}WO{sub 4} powders/n-octylamine/heptane' reaction system. The as-obtained hybrid nanobelts were thermally treated in an NH{sub 3} atmosphere at 650-800 {sup o}C for 2 h to form cubic {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates. XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and TG-DTA were used to characterize the precursors and their final products. The polycrystalline {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates derived from hybrid nanobelts, with side lengths of several hundred nanometers, consist of small nanocrystals with an average grain size of 3.2 nm. The formation of {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates involved two steps: decomposing tungstate-based hybrid nanobelts into WO{sub y} and W species and then nitridizing the active W-containing species to {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanocrystals in an NH{sub 3} flow. The platelike morphology of the {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanocrystals was inherited from the precursor of tungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid nanobelts. -- A novel pseudo-morphotactic transformation route was developed to synthesize {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates by thermally treating tungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid nanobelts, the morphology of which was inherited to the {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanocrystals. Research highlights: {yields} We synthesize {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates using inorganic-organic hybrid nanobelts as precursors. {yields} {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates are formed at 650-800 {sup o}C for 2 h in an NH{sub 3} flow. {yields} {beta}-W{sub 2}N nanoplates consist of small nanocrystals. {yields} The plate-like morphology of {beta}-W{sub 2}N is inherited from its hybrid precursor. {yields} The pseudo-morphotactic transformation route is suitable for large-scale synthesis.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Morphology-controlled synthesis and novel microwave electromagnetic properties of hollow urchin-like chain Fe-doped MnO{sub 2} under 10 T high magnetic field

Fe-doped MnO{sub 2} with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized under a high magnetic field of 10 T. The formation mechanism was investigated and discussed in detail. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EMPA, and vector network analysis. By doping MnO{sub 2} with Fe, the relative complex permittivity of MnO{sub 2} and its corresponding loss tangent clearly decreases, but its relative complex permeability and its corresponding loss tangent markedly increases. Moreover, the theoretically calculated values of reflection loss show that with increasing the Fe content, the as-prepared Fe-doped MnO{sub 2} exhibits good microwave absorption capability. -- Graphical Abstract: Fe-doped MnO{sub 2} with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized in a high magnetic field of 10 T via a simple chemical process. Display Omitted Highlights: {yields} Fe-doped MnO{sub 2} with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized. {yields} We investigated formation mechanism and electromagnetic properties of the Fe-doped MnO{sub 2}. {yields} By doping MnO{sub 2} with Fe, the electromagnetic properties are improved obviously.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

The influence of diffusion temperature on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of manganese-doped zinc oxysulfide thin films

We investigated the structural, optical and magnetic properties of Mn-doped zinc oxysulfide films. Zn(O,S) films were deposited by a spray pyrolysis method on glass substrate. A thin Mn layer evaporated on these films served as the source for the diffusion doping. The XRD pattern of undoped films revealed the presence of two wurtzite phases corresponding to ZnS and ZnO with a strong preferred orientation along the ZnS (0 0 2) hexagonal plane direction. SEM showed a similar surface morphology for the undoped and Mn-doped films, displaying regular arrays of hexagonal micro-rods perpendicular to the substrate. The optical transmission measurements showed that both undoped and Mn diffusion-doped films had a low average transmittance less than about 10%. The gap energy is decreased from 3.42 to 3.33 eV upon annealing at 400 deg. C. Photoluminescence studies at 300 K show that the incorporation of manganese leads to a decrease of deep level band intensity compared to undoped sample. Clear ferromagnetic loops were observed for the Mn-doped Zn(O,S) films, which might be due to the presence of point defects. - Graphical abstract: M-H variation of Mn diffusion-doped Zn(O,S) thin films measured at 300 K. Highlights: > Zinc oxysulfide thin films fabricated by spray pyrolysis and doped with Mn. > Regular arrays of hexagonal micro-rods perpendicular to the substrate. > Optical transmission measurements showed that both undoped and Mn diffusion-doped films had a low average transmittance less than about 10%. > Magnetic measurements show that Mn-doped zinc oxysulfide thin films exhibit a ferromagnetism behavior at room temperature.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗