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Performance study of ion exchange resins solidification using metakaolin-based geopolymer binder
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Solidification and solid-state transformation sciences in metals additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is rapidly emerging as an established manufacturing process for metal components. Unlike traditional metals fabrication processes, metals fabricated via AM undergo localized thermal cycles during fabrication. As a result, AM presents the opportunity to control the liquid-solid phase transformation, i.e. material texture. But, thermal cycling presents challenges from the standpoint of solid-solid phase transformations. We will discuss the opportunities and challenges in metals AM in the context of texture control and associated solid-solid phase transformations in Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718.
Competitive B2 and B33 Nucleation during Solidification of Ni 50 Zr 50 Alloy: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Classical Nucleation Theory
We studied the homogenous nucleation of the stoichiometric B2 and B33 phases in the Ni 50 Zr 50 alloy using the persistent embryo method and the classical nucleation theory. The two phases become very close competitors at large supercoolings, which is consistent with the experimental observations. In the case of the B2 phase, the linear temperature dependence of the solid–liquid interface (SLI) free energy extrapolated to the melting temperature leads to the same value as the one obtained from the capillarity fluctuation method (CFM). In the case of the B33 phases, the SLI free energy is also a linear function of temperature at large supercoolings, but the extrapolation to the melting temperature leads to a value which is considerably different from the CFM value. This is persistent with the large anisotropy of the SLI properties of the B33 phase nearby the melting temperature observed in the simulation of the nominally flat interface migration.
Operando X-ray scattering reveals ordering-mediated solidification in additive manufacturing
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Liquid state properties and solidification features of the pseudo binary BaS-La 2 S 3
The high temperature thermodynamic properties of chalcogenides materials based on BaS remain elusive. Herein the pseudo binary BaS-La 2 S 3 is investigated above 1573 K. The liquid properties of BaS-La 2 S 3 are measured by means of high resolution in-situ visualization coupled with thermal arrest measurements in a thermal imaging furnace. This enables to report the first observation of such melts in a container-less setting. The melting points of BaS and La 2 S 3 are revisited at 2454 K and 2004 K respectively. La 2 S 3 demonstrates a high stability in its liquid state, in strike difference with the sublimation observed for BaS. BaS is however partially stabilized with the addition of few percents of La 2 S 3 . The remarkable chemical and thermal stability of La 2 S 3 -rich samples contrasts with the partial decomposition and high vapor pressure observed for BaS-rich samples. Observations and analysis of the solidified samples suggest three different solid solutions. Solid and liquid densities are investigated along the different compositions, supporting a first estimate of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient for La 2 S 3 .
Nucleation of melting and solidification in confined high aspect ratio thin films
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Completion of lunar magma ocean solidification at 4.43 Ga
Crystallization of the lunar magma ocean yielded a chemically unique liquid residuum named KREEP. This component is expressed as a large patch on the near side of the Moon and a possible smaller patch in the northwest portion of the Moon’s South Pole-Aitken basin on the far side. Thermal models estimate that the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean (LMO) could have spanned from 10 and 200 My, while studies of radioactive decay systems have yielded inconsistent ages for the completion of LMO crystallization covering over 160 My. Here, we show that the Moon achieved >99% crystallization at 4,429 ± 76 Ma, indicating a lunar formation age of ~4,450 Ma or possibly older. Using the 176 Lu– 176 Hf decay system (t 1/2 = 37 Gy), we found that the initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios of lunar zircons with varied U–Pb ages are consistent with their crystallization from a KREEP-rich reservoir with a consistently low 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratio of 0.0167 that emerged ~140 My after solar system formation. The previously proposed younger model age of ~4.33 Ga for the source of mare basalts (240 My after solar system formation) might reflect the timing of a large impact. Our results demonstrate that lunar magma ocean crystallization took place while the Moon was still battered by planetary embryos and planetesimals leftover from the main stage of planetary accretion. The study of Lu–Hf model ages for samples brought back from the South Pole-Aitken basin will help to assess the lateral continuity of KREEP and further understand its significance in the early history of the Moon.
Materials and Morphology Study for Templated Hydrogen Solidification
In this work, we performed a series of experiments to elucidate the characteristics of a good template for solid hydrogen nucleation. Zinc stands out among several materials with comparable size and shape. Nucleation could be observed to occur on top of sharp features, such as grain boundaries and cracks, but our attempts proved unsuccessful to fabricate or replicate such features. The variations of the supercooling (ΔT) values measured for comparable samples and the dependence of ΔT on the cell temperature cycling revealed that templated nucleation of solid hydrogen is a very delicate process.
Pressure-induced solidifications of liquid sulfur below and above [lamda]-transition
Abstract not provided
Solidification and fcc to metastable hcp phase transition in krypton under variable compression rates
In this work, we present time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements to study kinetics associated with the liquid-solid and solid-solid high-pressure phase transitions in Kr under dynamic loading in a dynamic-diamond anvil cell. The results show a strong compression-rate dependence of the solidification/melting process in liquid Kr. The analysis of the compression-rate dependent melting/solidification, using an Avrami equation with the parameter n=1, indicates a spontaneous nucleation and one-dimensional growth mechanism. In contrast, the face-centered-cubic to metastable hexagonal close-packed transition in solid Kr occurs rapidly at ~0.8 GPa near the melting line, which has negligible compression-rate dependence within the range of compression rates studied (0.004–13 GPa/s).
Scaling Law for the Onset of Solidification at Extreme Undercooling
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Switching of control mechanisms during the rapid solidification of a melt pool
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A side-by-side comparison of the solidification dynamics of quasicrystalline and approximant phases in the Al–Co–Ni system
Quasicrystals and their approximants have triggered widespread interest due to the challenge of solving their complex crystal structures as well as their possibly exceptional properties. The structural motifs of approximants are similar to those of the corresponding quasicrystals, but to what extent are their crystallization pathways the same? Unfortunately, there have been very few in situ experimental investigations to answer this question. Here, by leveraging the high penetrating power of hard X-rays, synchrotron-based X-ray tomography was conducted in order to capture the nucleation and growth of a decagonal quasicrystal and its related approximant. The combination of data-driven computational analysis with new thermodynamic databases allowed the characterization, with high precision, of the constitutional and kinetic driving forces for crystallization. The experimental results prove that the growth of both crystals from a liquid is dominated by first-order kinetics. Nevertheless, and somewhat surprisingly, significant differences were observed in their rates of nucleation and growth. The reasons for such divergent behaviours are discussed in light of contemporary theories of intermetallic crystallization.
In Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Melting, Solidification and Solid-State Transformation of Ni[subscript 3]Sn
Abstract not provided