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Results for “Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistor Technologies”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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978 records · Page 19
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DOE OSTI2025

Underground Test Area Activity Waste Management Plan; and Attachment 1 Fluid Management Plan for the Underground Test Area Activity

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office initiated the Underground Test Area Activity to characterize the risk posed to human health and the environment as a result of underground nuclear testing activities at the Nevada National Security Site. The UGTA Activity is now administered by the DOE Environmental Management Nevada Program. This document is a revision to NNSA/NSO (2009). The new document and revision number reflect EM Nevada Program as the current UGTA Activity administrator.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Theory of stimulated and spontaneous axion scattering.

We present a theory for nonlinear, resonant excitation of dynamical axions by counterpropagating electromagnetic waves in materials that break both 𝒫 and 𝒯 symmetries. We show that dynamical axions can mediate an exponential growth in the amplitude of the lower frequency (Stokes) beam. We also discuss spontaneous generation of a counterpropagating Stokes mode, enabled by resonant amplification of quantum and thermal fluctuations in the presence of a single pump laser. Remarkably, the amplification can be orders of magnitude larger than that obtained via stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering processes, and can be modulated with the application of external magnetic fields, making stimulated axion scattering promising for optoelectronics applications.

Smith, M.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toward an AI-Powered Software Pipeline for Real-Time Tracking and Analysis of Wildfire and Smoke

Real-time tracking of wildfires and smoke is crucial for effective response, minimizing damage, protecting lives, and efficiently managing resources during fire emergencies. We develop a web-based AI-powered pipeline that detects wildfires in aerial video and estimates deployment-relevant behavior metrics, including cumulative burned area, burned-area growth rate, fire spread direction, and smoke dispersion. The system combines a YOLO-based detector with YCbCr-based fire segmentation, HSV-based smoke segmentation, Farneback optical flow, and centroid-based spatiotemporal tracking. Using ground sampling distance (GSD), pixel-level fire masks are converted to physical burned-area measurements by correlating fire pixel counts with camera altitude and tilt angle. We benchmark YOLO variants and non-YOLO baselines (GoogLeNet, CNN, DBN, Autoencoder, U-Net, and AlexNet) on the IEEE FLAME dataset and a newly created aerial frame dataset, Wildfire-DB. Cross-dataset evaluation uses a strict threshold-transfer protocol: decision thresholds are selected on FLAME validation and transferred unchanged to Wildfire-DB to quantify generalization under domain shift. YOLOv6 achieves the strongest cross-dataset frame-level fire detection on Wildfire-DB (ROC-AUC 0.8200, PR-AUC 0.8044, and transferred-threshold F1 0.7596). For tracking-oriented deployment requiring oriented localization, YOLO11-OBB provides the most reliable cross-dataset behavior among OBB-capable models while remaining computationally feasible. To analyze the feasibility of UAV deployment, we further measure inference efficiency using synchronized GPU and CPU power logs on a fixed workload of 1569 frames. YOLO-family models process the video in 5.73–12.47 seconds with net energy of 1247.28–1775.39 J, substantially lower latency and energy than heavier classification and reconstruction baselines. Overall, model optimality depends on operational objectives: YOLOv6 is best for cross-dataset detection robustness, whereas YOL...

Color segmentation↗
DOE OSTI2024

Block copolymer self-assembly derived mesoporous magnetic materials with three-dimensionally (3D) co-continuous gyroid nanostructure

Magnetic nanomaterials are gaining interest for their many applications in technological areas from information science and computing to next-generation quantum energy materials. While magnetic materials have historically been nanostructured through techniques such as lithography and molecular beam epitaxy, there has recently been growing interest in using soft matter self-assembly. In this work, a triblock terpolymer, poly(isoprene-block-styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (ISO), is used as a structure directing agent for aluminosilicate sol nanoparticles and magnetic material precursors to generate organic–inorganic bulk hybrid films with co-continuous morphology. After thermal processing into mesoporous materials, results from a combination of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are consistent with the double gyroid morphology. Nitrogen sorption measurements reveal a type IV isotherm with H1 hysteresis, and yield a specific surface area of around 200 m 2 g −1 and an average pore size of 23 nm. The magnetization of the mesostructured material as a function of applied field shows magnetic hysteresis and coercivity at 300 K and 10 K. Comparison of magnetic measurements between the mesoporous gyroid and an unstructured bulk magnetic material, derived from the identical inorganic precursors, reveals the structured material exhibits a coercivity of 250 Oe, opposed to 148 Oe for the unstructured at 10 K, and presence of remnant magnetic moment not conventionally found in bulk hematite; both of these properties are attributed to the mesostructure. This scalable route to mesoporous magnetic materials with co-continuous morphologies from block copolymer self-assembly may provide a pathway to advanced magnetic nanomaterials with a range of potential applications.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2024

Uniaxial stress effect on the electronic structure of quantum materials

Uniaxial stress has proven to be a powerful experimental tuning parameter for effectively controlling lattice, charge, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom in quantum materials. In addition, its ability to manipulate the symmetry of materials has garnered significant attention. Recent technical progress to combine uniaxial stress cells with quantum oscillation and angle-resolved photoemission techniques allowed to study the electronic structure as function of uniaxial stress. This review provides an overview on experimental advancements in methods and examines studies on diverse quantum materials, encompassing the semimetal WTe2, the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, Fe-based superconductors, and topological materials.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL CHARPY TESTING FROM HIGH FLUENCE SURVEILLANCE CAPSULE

The Palisades Nuclear Generating Station included in its original surveillance program a surveillance capsule, designated A-60. The capsule was removed from its surveillance position in early 1995 and has been resident in the spent fuel pool since that time. It was harvested to perform characterization of surveillance specimens in this capsule in 2023. This capsule was irradiated to a fluence of 1.96x1020 n/cm2 (E> 1MeV) that is equivalent for more than 150 effective full power years for the current US reactor pressure vessel (RPV) fleet. This capsule contained several materials, including Charpy specimens of standard reference material (SRM) from Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) A533-B Plate 01. To perform Charpy testing of this highly irradiated material, the new Charpy specimen transfer system was designed and implemented on Charpy impact testing machine in the hot cell to accommodate remote testing of these specimens. This new transfer system includes integrated environmental chamber to cool or heat Charpy specimens to the desired temperature. Testing of this highly irradiated material revealed very large shift of Charpy transition temperature, 188oC.

Sokolov, Mikhail [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000256373346)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Integrated Simulation of Weld Residual Stress Evolution and Crack Propagation Using XFEM

Nuclear power plant components operate in environments that promote multiple degradation mecha- nisms, several of which involve crack initiation and growth. An ongoing effort in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program is developing a general capability within the Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework for simulating three-dimensional crack growth under a range of driving conditions, including fatigue, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), brittle fracture, and stress-relaxation cracking. This report demonstrates an end-to-end workflow that uses this capability to model weld-residual-stress-driven SCC in the J-groove weld of a pressurized-water reactor control rod drive mechanism penetration in the vessel head. The workflow consists of a thermomechanical welding simulation with temperature-dependent plasticity, followed by cooldown to ambient conditions, and a restart of the simulation using the MOOSE extended finite element method (XFEM) module to propagate a three-dimensional crack through the residual stress field. New welding capabilities were developed to properly initialize newly activated elements in the weld region, and robustness improvements were made to the mesh-based algorithm for defining cutting planes in the 3D XFEM algorithm, allowing it to handle complex crack fronts and stress fields. Together these advances allowed the simulated SCC crack to grow from an initial elliptical flaw in the weld, across the weld, through the tube wall, and almost to the triple point (where the weld, tube, and reactor pressure vessel head intersect) over roughly 36 years of simulated service. These results demonstrate a workflow that can be extended to fully three-dimensional welding simulations and more complex crack interaction problems.

42 - ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI1969

Application of Nuclear Technology to Art Identification Problems: First Annual Report

Throughout the centuries, as man has become increasingly affluent, his interest in antiquities and objects of art, and the price he has been willing to pay for them, has increased. Inevitably, one result has been to attract the unscrupulous to the production and sale of counterfeit paintings, sculptures, and other works of art. The skill of forgers varies but often is highly sophisticated. However, dealers, museum curators, and other experts have also become more skillful in the detection of forgeries. Scientific tools of increasing sensitivity and sophistication have gradually been applied to the examination of the materials of art and archaeology. Such tools frequently support and render more reliable the judgment of the experts. The quality of forgeries may improve further as their makers become acquainted with the new methods of detection and in turn learn to circumvent or confound the methods. Therefore, the development of still more advanced methods of examination has great utility in the art world. This is particularly true if the ultimate effect is to make circumvention of the methods of examination so costly that the economic incentives for producing forgeries may be substantially reduced, if not eliminated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Modeling a generic TRISO-fueled heat pipe microreactor using SCALE: Depletion, transportation criticality, and shielding

This paper demonstrates the applicability of the SCALE code system to tristructural-isotropic (TRISO)-fueled heat pipe microreactors through depletion, transportation criticality, and shielding analyses of a generic reference design. The study conducted supports US Nuclear Regulatory Commission code readiness efforts for advanced non–light-water reactor technologies and is intended as a code capability demonstration rather than as an optimization of a specific microreactor design. The modeled reactor employs high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) uranium oxycarbide (UCO) TRISO fuel and beryllium oxide (BeO) reflectors and operates at 7.5 MWth with a nominal lifetime of about 3 effective full power years. Representative cases for fresh and irradiated cores were selected to exercise SCALE methods relevant to reactor operation and post-irradiation transport. The discharged-core decay heat is approximately 6% of operating power immediately after shutdown. Transportation criticality calculations show that internal water ingress is the dominant reactivity effect, with fully flooded fresh core and irradiated core configurations remain above the subcriticality criterion, even with the available control mechanisms. Shielding calculations for a simplified transportation package indicate that normal-condition dose rates are governed mainly by shielding thickness and cooling time, whereas the breached hypothetical accident case is governed primarily by cooling time. Overall, the study shows that SCALE supports depletion, transportation criticality, and shielding evaluations efficiently for TRISO-fueled heat pipe microreactors within a single code system.

Criticality↗
DOE OSTI2026

Molecular dynamics based study on the effects of cation size on the local structure and diffusion in polymerized ionic liquids

We have used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to understand the effect of cation size on ion diffusion in polymerized ionic liquids at temperatures well above the glass transition temperature of the polymers. We investigated dependencies of the diffusion constant on the cation radius and static dielectric constant and interpreted these results in terms of underlying structural changes, and decoupling phenomenon. We have found non-monotonic effects of the cation radius on the diffusion constant, with a maximum at an intermediate radius resulting from two different size dependent effects. Changes in the radial distribution functions characterizing spatial distribution of cations with respect to anions result in a monotonic increase in the coordination number. This yields an increase in the effective interaction energy as a function of cation radius, which can explain the decrease in the diffusion constant. This increase is counteracted at small cation radii by a corresponding increase in decoupling of cation and anion dynamics. In addition, the diffusion constant is found to increase on increasing the static dielectric constant for all radii of the cations. These results highlight the significant role of decoupling in designing polymerized ionic liquids with an enhanced diffusion constant of cations.

Gillespie, Colin [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000320287080)↗