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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

helioLuna: Prospect for cislunar spacecraft and near-earth asteroid detection using heliostat fields at night

We experimentally and computationally investigate a proposed frequency-domain method for detecting and tracking cislunar spacecraft and near-earth asteroids using heliostat fields at night. Unlike imaging, which detects spacecraft and asteroids by their streak in sidereally-fixed long-exposure photographs, our proposed detection method oscillates the orientation of heliostats concentrating light from the stellar field and measures the light’s photocurrent power spectrum at sub-milliHertz resolution. If heliostat oscillation traces out an ellipse fixed in the galactic coordinate system, spacecraft or asteroids produce a peak in photocurrent power spectrum at a frequency slightly shifted from the starlight peak. The frequency shift is on the scale of milliHertz and proportional to apparent angular rate relative to sidereal. Relative phase corresponds to relative angular position, enabling tracking. A potential advantage of this frequency-domain method over imaging is that detectivity improves with apparent angular rate and number of heliostats. Since heliostats are inexpensive compared to an astronomical observatory and otherwise unused at night, the proposed method may cost-effectively augment observatory systems such as NASA’s Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Prospecting for Critical Minerals and Rare Earth Elements from Marcellus Shale in the Western Portion of the Appalachian Basin with Non-Destructive Core Characterization

Identification of sources for domestic critical minerals and rare earth elements (CM/REE) has been deemed essential for the energy transition by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL) Geomaterials Characterization Laboratory has performed non-destructive core characterizations on energy-relevant rock cores for the past decade. During this time, NETL has published over 36 technical reports and made the associated data publicly available. Much of this work focuses on unconventional shale gas, subsurface carbon storage systems, and carbon-ore. These efforts provide cm-scale petrophysical and elemental data, photographic documentation, detailed core descriptions, and computed tomography (CT) data for each well. This provides a first phase prospecting resource for CM/REE resources and can provide a map for pin-pointing intervals and lithologies for further development. Using historical core characterization data from 12 Marcellus wells from the western portion of the Appalachian Basin, this study builds an improved understanding of the chemostratigraphy of the basin. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and CT images were used to determine lithologic intervals and potential ore bodies for further analysis, including benchtop digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to better understand the CM/REE enrichments.

Paronish, Thomas J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Facility Radionuclide Emission Points and Sampling Systems

Battelle–Pacific Northwest Division operates numerous research and development laboratories in Washington State. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contracts to Battelle at Richland facilities on both the DOE Hanford Site and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Richland campus. These facilities have the potential for radionuclide air emissions. The PNNL contract with DOE also includes operations at the PNNL-Sequim campus in Sequim, where there is also the potential for radionuclide air emissions. This document is a periodic update that describes current PNNL facility emission units and sampling systems. The National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP [40 Code of Federal Regulations 61, Subpart H]) requires an assessment of all emission units that have the potential for radionuclide air emissions. Emission units are registered with the State of Washington. Potential emissions from emission units are assessed annually by PNNL staff. Sampling, monitoring, and other regulatory compliance requirements are designated based on the potential to-emit dose criteria, a graded approach to facility-identified potential impact categories, and regulatory requirements. The purpose of this document is to describe the facility radionuclide air emission sampling program and provide current and historical facility emission unit system performance, operation, and design information. For sampled emission units, the building, exhaust unit, control technologies, and sample extraction details are provided. Additionally, applicable configuration drawings, figures, and photographs are included. For non-sampled emission units, emission estimation and radionuclide source details are provided. Site-wide permits for the lowest potential impact category are described. Deregistered/transitioned emission unit details are also provided as necessary for at least 5 years post-closure/transition. Currently, five emission units are sampled continuously for particulate radionuclides at PNNL managed facilities on the PNNL-Richland campus (3 of the 5) and on the Hanford Site (2 of the 5). Four of these units have sampling systems that comply with the American National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society (ANSI/HPS) N13.1–2011 standard for sampling from stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities, and the fifth is grandfathered and compliant with the older ANSI N13.1–1969 standard. In addition, the PNNL-managed Hanford Site 325 Building EP 325-01-S stack is sampled continuously for emissions of tritium. No emissions sampling is required for the single licensed emission unit on the PNNL-Sequim campus.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

A section 110 evaluation of the huron king test chamber, area 3, nevada national security site, nye county, nevada

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office tasked Desert Research Institute (DRI) with the identification and evaluation of the Huron King Test Chamber as part of their cultural resources program obligations under Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The Huron King nuclear test was a vertical line-of-sight weapons effects test that took place in Area 3 on June 24, 1980. Unique to this event was a specially designed aboveground test chamber that held a model defense communications satellite in a vacuum tank meant to replicate the space environment. Sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency, the purpose of the experiment was to understand the response of the satellite and its materials and equipment to an electromagnetic pulse and attendant radiation. Between July and August 2022, DRI conducted an archival review on the Huron King experiment and its associated test chamber. Subsequently, pedestrian fieldwork was undertaken at the Huron King Test Chamber by DRI on September 29, 2022. During fieldwork, the outside of the test chamber was documented using a Nevada State Historic Preservation Office Architectural Resource Assessment form. This effort included verifying the substructures that compose the test chamber as determined by the archival review, as well as obtaining a detailed photographic recordation of the exterior and assessing its current condition. Notably, the site where the Huron King test took place has been abandoned and almost entirely naturalized. All of the portable instrumentation trailers, communications and data cabling, and winch systems used to retract the test chamber following the detonation were removed after completion of the experiment in 1980. Only the subsidence crater and the test chamber remain as physical evidence of this experiment. Based on these findings, DRI recommends that the Huron King Test Chamber is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) at the local level under Significance Criteria A and C and that it meets Criteria Consideration G for properties less than 50 years old.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

TEAMER Technical Support on Biofouling and Corrosion for E-Wave Technologies LLC Novel (Abstract)

National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia (NTESS) in collaboration with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and with guidance from E-Wave, will assess corrosion and biofouling challenges specific to E-Wave’s innovative WEC designed to retrofit into and power existing aquaculture farm infrastructure from ocean waves. The teams will examine coatings via a static raw seawater test and determine the efficacy of coatings for E-Wave’s applications. Samples will include panels of materials provided by E-Wave and coated with three different paint treatments. Fouling will be determined using a staining technique followed by photographic analysis to evaluate fouling intensity on the surface. Materials will also be weighed before and after submersion to facilitate weight change analysis resulting from fouling organisms aggregating on the materials.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2026

How Snow Drives the Seasonal Evolution of Land and Sea Surface Albedos in the Alaskan High Arctic: Final Technical Report

The purpose of the project was to observe and quantify temporal variation in snow albedo and snow characteristics across the Arctic coastal landscape as winter transitioned into spring and snowmelt occurred, both on tundra and sea ice. This transition is bounded by fully snow-covered landscapes with broadband albedos of approximately 0.8 and snow-free landscapes with albedos of 0.15 (tundra or ponded sea ice). For these landscapes, we monitored the spring surface characteristics and radiative properties nearly daily at three locations on or near the Department of Energy ARM North Slope of Alaska (NSA) User Facility in Utqiagvik, Alaska: the central NSA Facility (hereafter called ARM), one near NSA-E12 (BEO), and one on the sea ice of Elson Lagoon (ICE) during three melt seasons (2019, 2022, and 2024). The field campaign component of this award was named SALVO ( S now AL bedo E VO lution). Typical field seasons began in mid-April and lasted until mid-June. Main measurements included snow depth (at 1-m intervals), broadband albedo (at 5-m intervals), spectral albedo (at 5- m intervals), and multiple digital images. Orthomosaics were converted into binary images to determine the snow-covered fraction over time across various landscapes. Additional measurements included basic weather data and snow-ground (or ice) interface temperatures. Sky conditions were observed and photographed to help assess albedo values.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Summer Bat Monitoring Report for Calendar Year 2023

Bats are mammals belonging to the order Chiroptera, which means “hand-wing.” They use a thin membrane of skin stretched between their fingers to fly. All bat species known in the state of Washington are insectivorous and each bat can consume 600-1,000 insects per hour while feeding. Bats typically give birth once per year to a single pup, making bat populations vulnerable to impacts and slow to recover. Several species of bats have been documented on the Hanford Site, with nine species identified during The Nature Conservancy surveys in 1997 and 1998, and an additional seven species listed as potentially present as documented in Biodiversity Inventory and Analysis of the Hanford Site. Final Report 1994-1999 (Soll et al., 1999). Ongoing U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office (RL) acoustic surveys, including HNF-53759, Summer Bat Monitoring Report for Calendar Year 2012, have also confirmed the presence of the same nine species documented by Soll et al. (1999). An additional species, the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum), was observed roosting on the exterior of a facility by Hanford Site personnel in 2021; the species was confirmed by Hanford Site biologists via photograph (Table 1-1).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Particle Physics Division Lifting Fixture Database Restructure

The Particle Physics Division (PPD) at Fermilab needed to modernize its outdated lifting fixture database. Many fixtures lacked identification or had incomplete information. During a summer internship, I cross-referenced existing data, photographed and measured fixtures using standardized tools, and updated their locations and details in a modern Excel format. Some fixtures were identified as belonging to other departments, like the Applied Physics and Superconducting Technology Directorate (APS-TD). This effort significantly improved the accuracy and utility of the PPD database, streamlined other departmental inventories, and potentially saved hundreds of thousands of dollars. The work concluded with a clear, organized record of all verified lifting fixtures.

Creedon, Carroll [Unlisted, US, IL; Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Where do the fish go in winter? A year of observing seasonal changes in Sequim Bay’s nearshore fish community

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has been proposed as a complementary method to monitor fish species in marine environments. eDNA offers a non-invasive, cost-effective, and scalable way to detect aquatic species. It is appealing in environments where traditional methods are limited by access or visibility, especially in complex or sensitive habitats such as tidal channels and other marine energy sites. Before eDNA can be fully relied upon, we must verify its accuracy against established methods, like underwater photography. In this study, we collected eDNA samples and concurrently deployed a 360-degree camera near the floating dock of PNNL-Sequim in the tidal channel of Sequim Bay once a month for twelve consecutive months. During deployments, the camera remained on the seafloor for several hours overlapping slack tide and captured time-lapse photographs at ten second intervals. Counts and identifications of fish species observed in the images were used to calculate monthly Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indices. These values were compared across the months using a Kruskal-Wallis test paired with a Conover-Iman post-hoc test. Cliff’s Delta was also calculated to quantify the effect size of the monthly differences. No fish were observed from December through April, likely due to seasonal behavior changes within the local fish community. Fish returned to the shoreline in May, with the greatest diversity and evenness recorded in September. These findings reveal substantial seasonal variation in nearshore fish communities. Many monthly comparisons were found to contain statistically significant differences within the diversity and evenness, and even more were found to have large effect sizes, signifying large ecological changes throughout the seasons. The absence of fish observed during the winter months is a key outcome of this survey that will hopefully be reflected in the eDNA results still to come, which would help validate the eDNA approach.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Notice of Illegal Foreign Pesticides Entering the United States: Information Bulletin v.01

This information bulletin is intended to generate a heightened awareness of illicit pesticide importation, distribution, and use in the United States. This bulletin focuses on solid, fumigant materials which are primarily used in the production of marijuana growth and cultivation. Exposure to illicit pesticides, fumigant fumes, or residual materials may pose a public health and officer safety concern. Many illegal fumigant pesticide products have been seized and determined to consist of a mixture of several pesticides and is often in contrast with the pesticide labelling. This information bulletin is not a complete account of all illegal pesticides found in country; it serves to highlight frequently encountered materials and present patterns in product presentation, packaging, and shipment containment which are intended to aid in identification and intervention. Other varieties of illegal pesticide fumigants are known to exist, and additional variations are expected to be encountered in policing intervention. This bulletin includes information on the presentation of illegal pesticides, label review recommendations, a field reference guide, which includes example photographs of seized pesticide/fumigants and their labels, and related United States federal regulation information, including relevant tariff code information for reference.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Complete time-resolved X-ray shape capability for a 10 MJ implosion: Milestone Report for MRT 8818

This report documents completion of MRT 8818, which established an upgraded equatorial time-resolved X-ray imaging capability for high-yield inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using the equatorial Dilation X-ray Imager (DIXI). The need for this work arose from the sustained increase in fusion yield at NIF, which progressively intensified the neutron and gamma-ray environment experienced by target diagnostics. Although the existing polar imaging capability, particularly the Polar Dilation X-ray Imager (PDIXI), remained viable at high yields, the equatorial capability became inadequate because of radiation-induced failure of electronic readout hardware and increasing background levels that degraded image quality and ultimately caused saturation. The work performed under MRT 8818 addressed this limitation through a combination of hardware replacement, background characterization, and targeted mitigation. The DIXI backend was converted from CCD-based electronic readout to photographic film, and the principal sources of internally generated background were investigated using prior analyses, dedicated tests, and comparison with PDIXI performance on high-yield shots. This effort led to implementation of two principal improvements: a multilayer optical coating to suppress broadband radiation-induced background generated in the fiber-optic extension cylinder, and replacement of Kodak TMAX 400 film with Agfa Copex Rapid to reduce background generated directly in the film. These upgrades were completed in 2025 and performance assessment based on DT shot data since then, comparing with Polar DIXI and scaling of these experiments to 10 MJ indicates an expected signal-to-background ratio of approximately 34 for a single pinhole image, substantially exceeding the MRT 8818 completion criterion of SNR > 5.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Radar clutter suppression

I have been working on something called clutter, which is an amount of “noise” caused by the surrounding environment in a radar system photo or image. The radar system is called “synthetic aperture radar” or SAR. Our group is trying to clarify the photo and hence data of an SAR image by removing clutter (and noise) from the photograph. This is done by utilizing advanced signal processing techniques and the MATLAB programming language on our computer.

Evans, Bradley [External Affiliation]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Snow ALbedo eVOlution (SALVO) Campaign Oblique Photos from April - June, 2024 in Utqiagivk, AK

While albedo line measurements were being made, oblique photos were taken from eye level (~1.8 m) of the position of each albedo measurement (i.e., at 5-meter intervals along the line). The photo numbers were recorded in a notebook and in the ASD notes documents (see the spectral albedo archive). The photos were subsequently renamed for archiving according to the following file naming convention: ‘salvo_[site]_line_oblique_[YYYYMMDD]_[pos]_[rep].JPG’, where [site] is the overall measurement site (‘arm’, ‘beo’, or ‘ice’); YYYYMMDD is the date of the measurement in AKDT (local time); [pos] is the position along the line in meters; and [rep] is the repetition number if repeat photographs were made. Oblique photos are available for almost every albedo measurement.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Weather Data from BSEC Weather Stations

This dataset provides measurements of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, and sunlight at Ambient Weather and OttHydro stations across Baltimore city. These surface weather stations were deployed by the Baltimore Social-Environmental Collaborative (BSEC) Urban Integrated Field Laboratory (UIFL) project, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). This dataset currently contains measurements from 2023 to June 2026 and will be periodically updated to include more stations and recent observations when available. Data File Information This dataset contains surface weather measurements data in comma-separated value (CSV) format and documents that describe the weather stations, locations, and measured parameters and units. data/[TIMEAVG]/[YEAR]/BSEC-[STATIONID]_[SENSORTYPE]_[TIMEAVG]_[YEAR].csv Surface weather measurements data in CSV format, where STATIONID indicates the weather station, SENSORTYPE is the type of weather station ('AWS' = Ambient Weather Station and 'OTT' = 'OttHydro Station'), TIMEAVG is time period for each entry (= daily, hourly, or 5min), and YEAR indicate the year in which the measurements were made. Example data file name: BSEC-AAC_AWS_hourly_2023.csv. documents/Station_Locations.csv This CSV file provides location information and measurement start date for each surface weather station. documents/Weather_Station_Descriptions.pdf This document provides detailed description of the instruments along with their setup and accuracy of measurement. documents/File_Contents.pdf This document describes the contents on the data files, including time notation, weather parameters and units of measurement. documents/site-metadata/[STATOINID]-metadata.pdf These PDF files provide information on weather station sites, including land cover characteristics, station mounting, and photographs. Each PDF file corresponds to one station, as indicated by STATIONID.

Ambient Weather Stations↗
DOE OSTI2025

Particle Physics Division Lifting Fixtures Database Restructure

In this project, a thorough investigation is conducted to determine the current placements of all lifting fixtures within the Particle Physics Division (PPD) buildings - as well as whether which ones are still operable. Briefly, the reasoning as to why these lifting fixtures must be found and the database must be updated is covered in the beginning sections of the report. Many tools and fixtures get moved around and forgotten about, and Fermilab’s systems have been updated more than a few times throughout the years, so data can get lost and forgotten about. Considering that many of these lifting fixtures have not been used in years or there is missing, impertinent information that is required by Fermilab’s modern standards and safety regulations. Lifting fixtures found at each site are measured, photographed, and logged; later analyzed to determine if they are under PPD’s purview or another department so that the respective authorities can be notified. Once maximum information is found for all the fixtures they are formatted to 2025 Fermilab standards in an easily accessible digital list for PPD employees.

Creedon, Carroll [Unlisted, US, IL]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Post-fire time series photos from five sites across the Oak Creek watershed, Washington

This dataset supports a broader study examining wildfire impacts on hydrologic connectivity across 5 sites within the Oak Creek watershed and the resulting biogeochemical impacts. Sites were selected using the Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) hydrologic model to identify locations with varying groundwater contributions and hydrologic responses across different burn severity scenarios. The Retreat Fire burned from July 23 to August 2, 2024, affecting all five sites. This dataset provides time series game camera photos, while the broader study includes continuous water quality monitoring, biogeochemical sampling of water and soils, precipitation data, and organic matter analysis. The other data types and additional metadata (include site environmental information) can be found at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/3018020. Because this study is ongoing, this data package will be updated regularly to include newly collected photos. For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About. In addition to a readme, this data package also includes a file-level metadata (FLMD) file that describes each file and a data dictionary (DD) that describes all column/row headers and variable definitions. This dataset is comprised of (1) file-level metadata; (2) data dictionary; (3) field metadata; (4) readme; (5) field protocol; and (6) folders of game camera photos. The game camera photos are organized by site with subfolders by month of collection. The field metadata contains a subset of the information collected that is most relevant to photo-processing. The full set of field metadata can be found at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/3018020. All files are .csv, .pdf, or .jpg.

Burn severity↗