PSR Basics and new stuff [Slides]
An overview of the LANSCE Proton Storage Ring (PSR) is provided.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Enhanced Beam Diagnostics with Existing BPPMs via GPU-powered Multi-Particle Simulation
This research aims to utilize the multi-particle code, High-Performance Simulator (HPSim), to realistically model the Side-Coupled-Cavity Linac (CCL) lattice of the LANSCE accelerator. This new model would allow us to predict the beam’s bunch length (the longitudinal spread), which is unavailable for individual accelerating modules or only accessible at the end of the linac. However, a correct bunch length is critical for the high-energy beam transport after the CCL. Its impact would be most significant in the Proton Storage Ring (PSR), where we should be able to reduce losses for the circulating beam. The PSR is scheduled to have a 25% current increase for the neutron spallation target upgrade at the Lujan Center. A highly bunched beam would be necessary to reduce the particle losses and lower the radiation levels produced from the ring. A realistic HPSim model with >1M macro-particles can help tackle the beam losses at the sub-percent level. This new work would also create a realistic surrogate model for future machine learning projects.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Cultural Resource Management Plan for Brookhaven National Laboratory
The Cultural Resource Management Plan (CRMP) for Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) provides an organized guide that describes or references the facets and interrelationships of cultural resources at BNL. Management strategies included within this CRMP are designed to adequately identify the cultural resources that BNL and DOE consider significant and to acknowledge associated management actions. A principal objective of the CRMP is to reduce the need for additional regulatory documents and to serve as the basis for a formal agreement between the DOE and the New York State Historic Preservation Officer (NYSHPO). The BNL CRMP is designed to be a “living document.” Each section includes identified gaps in the management plan, with proposed goals and actions for addressing each gap. The plan will be periodically revised to incorporate new documentation. The current (2023) update incorporates new findings and/or updated text based on completed or ongoing projects related to cultural resources at BNL since inception of the last updated CRMP in 2013. Historically, Brookhaven National Laboratory had little need for cultural resource management because many of its buildings were less than 50 years old. Most of the features that are potentially eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places were protected simply by avoiding the features. Compliance with cultural resource laws and regulations has included archeological surveys, such as those associated with the 1977 Final Environmental Impact Statement for Brookhaven National Laboratory and the 1978 Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Proton-Proton Storage Accelerator Facility (ISABELLE). In 1979, World War I trenches associated with the former Camp Upton and located near ISABELLE were determined to be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places; however, many of these trenches had been destroyed by construction work. In 1991, the NYSHPO provided BNL with a letter indicating that only three structures and features were likely to be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Between 1991 and 1999, little work associated with cultural resource management was accomplished. Beginning in 1999, awareness for the need of a program to manage cultural resources grew out of the realization that over half of the buildings at BNL were either 50 years old or were reaching that age and were, therefore, subject to the requirements in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. This fact, concomitant with the decontamination and decommissioning of the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor (BGRR) and the subsequent determination of BGRR’s eligibility for listing as an historical site, fueled the need for developing and implementing a more structured program for managing cultural resources at BNL.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
LAMP-PSR Scoping Studies Report
This report summarizes work performed from July – September 2023, performing an initial evaluation for the LANSCE Proton Storage Ring upgrade option “B.” The studies identified potential pathsforward, performing initial beam dynamics studies, and surveying various technology options different aspects of the upgrade. Taken together, the studies provide an “early look” at the feasibility, challenges and alternative methods for pursuing Option “B,” and give guidance towards more detailed design concept development needed as work progresses. Generally speaking, no major obstacles were identified in pursuing the Option “B” PSR upgrade path in terms of the machine physics or overall system architecture. Several areas of concern have been identified; we note that these primarily center on technology choice and must be addressed regardless of the upgrade path selected, and none of the concerns are considered insurmountable.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
LAMP Low-Energy Region Options: Workshop Report and Ranking Assessment
The LANSCE accelerator complex at Los Alamos National Laboratory provides beam to five user facilities: IPF, pRad, UCN, WNR and the Lujan Center. Each user facility receives a beam tailored to its specific requirements, including species (H+ or H- ) and beam pulse format. The capabilities and beam requirements of the LANSCE user facilities are documented elsewhere. The core components of the LANSCE accelerator complex – the beam source area, drift-tube and cavity-coupled linear accelerators – are more than 50 years old; a critical subsystem for beam delivery to the Lujan Center, the proton storage ring (PSR), is approximately 40 years old, with its last major refresh being completed in the late 1990s. The LAMP project is intended to begin a revitalization and update of the LANSCE accelerator complex, starting with the beam source region, drift-tube linac, and PSR.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Rapid Tuning of Synchrotron Surrogate Model at the Recycler Ring
The 8 GeV proton-storage Recycler Ring (RR) is essential for reaching megawatt beam intensity goals for the DUNE neutrino beam at Fermilab. Custom shims on each RR permanent magnet were designed to cancel manufacturing defects and bring magnetic fields to the design values. Remaining imperfections cause the observed tune variation vs energy to deviate from what is calculated using the design fields. Using the POUNDERS (“Practical Optimization Using No Derivatives for sums of Squares”) optimization method with Synergia in the loop, we demonstrate rapid convergence to a set of additive, higher-order multipole moments of these magnetic shims which reproduce that observed variation, and show that the convergence advantage grows with the parameter-space dimensionality.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Optimizing injection for the storage ring proton-EDM experiment
The proposed proton electric dipole moment (pEDM) experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), to be built inside the alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS) tunnel, aims to measure the proton’s electric dipole moment with a sensitivity of 10 −29 𝑒 cm. This paper presents the design of the injection line from the AGS booster to the pEDM storage ring, utilizing portions of the existing booster-to-AGS (BtA) transfer line. Building on the symmetric-hybrid lattice design [, Comprehensive symmetric-hybrid ring design for a proton-EDM experiment at below 10 −29 𝑒 cm, Phys. Rev. D 105, 032001 (2022)], our study emphasizes rigorous optics matching, detailed particle and spin tracking, and systematic error mitigation essential for achieving a target sensitivity of 10 −29 𝑒 cm. This design preserves the proton’s vertical spin orientation within ±20 mrad, a critical requirement for the pEDM measurement. Particle and spin tracking simulations using the ray-tracing code Zgoubi [F. Méot, Zgoubi users’ guide, Technical Report, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Upton, NY, 2012] validate the design’s performance, demonstrating its feasibility for this precision experiment. The simulation results demonstrate that both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) injection lines meet the stringent beam envelope and polarization requirements.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Protonic Ceramics for Energy Storage & Electricity Generation with Ammonia (Final Report)
The commercial product resulting from this R&D project will enable cost-effective synthesis of the Carbon Neutral Liquid Fuel (CNLF) ammonia, a common chemical, at a small scale for energy and industrial applications using only intermittent renewable energy, water, and air as feedstocks. These products are also capable of producing electrical energy from the CNLF in a fuel cell mode of operation. Thus, the eventual commercial product enables both single direction production of either CLNF or electricity, or alternatively functions as a fully reversible, self-contained energy storage device. The renewed interest in developing electrolysis systems is driven, in part, by the burgeoning renewable, solar, and wind industries and the need for an energy conversion and storage technology that can convert intermittent solar and wind energy into the production of hydrogen. Electrolysis systems integrated into both distributed and central renewable power plants would utilize solar and wind energy as their primary power source to produce renewably generated hydrogen for local energy storage or chemical feedstock purposes. Ammonia is an excellent surrogate for hydrogen transportation. NH3 presents an attractive alternative to hydrogen as a working fluid in reversible devices towards a sustainable green energy-oriented future. Ammonia can be easily liquefied at room temperature at about 8 bar or at -33°C at ambient pressure. In contrast, the liquefaction temperature of hydrogen is -253°C at ambient pressure. NH3 has a significantly higher volumetric energy density (12.7 MJ/L) than compressed hydrogen (4.5 MJ/L at ~70 MPa) or liquefied hydrogen (8.5 MJ/L). Additionally, ammonia is a widely used raw material for agriculture fertilizer and thus has well-established storage, transport, and handling processes (about 180 million tons of ammonia are produced annually). Techno-economic analysis suggests ammonia is the least expensive fuel among hydrogen, gasoline, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and methanol.
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Fast Proton Insertion in Layered H 2 W 2 O 7 via Selective Etching of an Aurivillius Phase
H 2 W 2 O 7 , a metastable material synthesized via selective etching of the Aurivillius-related Bi 2 W 2 O 9 , is shown as an electrode for high power proton-based energy storage. Comprehensive structural characterization is performed to obtain a high-fidelity crystal structure of H 2 W 2 O 7 using an iterative approach that combines X-ray diffraction, neutron pair distribution function, scanning transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory modeling. Electrochemical characterization shows a capacity retention of ≈80% at 1000 mV s –1 (1.5-s charge/discharge time) as compared to 1 mV s –1 (≈16-min charge/discharge time) with cyclability for over 100 000 cycles. Energetics from density functional theory calculations indicate that proton storage occurs at the terminal oxygen sites within the hydrated interlayer. Last, optical micrographs collected during in situ Raman spectroscopy show reversible, multicolor electrochromism, with color changes from pale yellow to blue, purple, and last, orange as a function of proton content. These results highlight the use of selective etching of layered perovskites for the synthesis of metastable transition metal oxide materials and the use of H 2 W 2 O 7 as an anode material for proton-based energy storage or electrochromic applications.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Comprehensive symmetric-hybrid ring design for a proton EDM experiment at below 10 –29 e · cm
A concise demonstrative summary of the Symmetric Hybrid ring design for the storage ring proton electric dipole moment experiment is presented. In this paper, critical issues such as lattice design, background electrical fields, geometrical phase, general relativity, spin coherence time and polarimeter systematics are presented. Overall, we find that with the currently proposed design iteration, systematic error sources are reduced by orders of magnitude and that the ring alignment requirements are within the currently available technology.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Cation Effects in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Not Available
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Probing local electrochemistry via mechanical cyclic voltammetry curves
Understanding the mechanical response of an electrode during electrochemical cycling and its correlation to the device electrochemical performance is crucial to improving the performance of insertion-type energy storage devices, electrochemical actuators, water purification, ion separation and neuromorphic computing applications. Here, we visualized the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling behaviors during charge storage of anhydrous and hydrated WO 3 electrodes via in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and developed the concept of mechanical cyclic voltammetry (mCV) curves. The relationship between electrochemical current and strain was investigated with simplified models and the results revealed that the proton insertion/deinsertion process could be described through potential-dependent electro-chemo-mechanical coupling coefficients which might indicate changes in insertion processes during electrode cycling. The mCV mapping results highlight the local heterogeneity and show that the charging processes varied across the electrode. These local variations could be further correlated to local morphology, crystal orientations or chemical compositions with proper electrode designs.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Efficient Energy Storage via Methane Production Using Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Not provided.
Energy & Fuels↗
Comprehensive Symmetric-Hybrid ring design for pEDM experiment at below $10^{-29}e\cdot$cm
A concise demonstrative summary of the Symmetric Hybrid ring design for the storage ring proton electric dipole moment experiment is presented. Critical issues such as lattice design, background electrical fields,geometrical phase, general relativity, spin coherence time and polarimeter systematics are presented. Overall, we find that with the currently proposed design iteration, systematic error sources are reduced by orders of magnitude and that the ring alignment requirements are within the currently available technology.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Decoupling Proton and Cation Contributions to Capacitive Charge Storage in Birnessite in Aqueous Electrolytes
Abstract Nanostructured birnessite is of interest as an electrode material for aqueous high power electrochemical energy storage as well as desalination devices. In neutral pH aqueous electrolytes, birnessite exhibits a capacitive response attributed to the adsorption of cations and protons at the outer surface and within the hydrated interlayer. Here, we utilize the understanding of proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) in buffered electrolytes to decouple the role of protons and cations in the capacitive charge storage mechanism of birnessite at neutral pH. We find that without buffer, birnessite exhibits primarily potential‐independent (capacitive) behavior with excellent cycling stability. Upon the addition of buffer, the capacity initially increases and the cyclic voltammograms become more potential‐dependent, features attributed to the presence of PCET with the birnessite. However, long‐term cycling in the buffered electrolyte leads to significant capacity fade and dissolution, which is corroborated through ex situ characterization. ReaxFF atomistic scale simulations support the observations that proton adsorption leads to birnessite degradation and that capacitive charge storage in birnessite is primarily attributed to cation adsorption at the outer surface and within the interlayer.
Saeed, Saeed↗
Measurement of the positive muon anomalous magnetic moment to 127 ppb
A new measurement of the magnetic anomaly $a_μ$ of the positive muon is presented based on data taken from 2020 to 2023 by the Muon $g-2$ Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). This dataset contains over 2.5 times the total statistics of our previous results. From the ratio of the precession frequencies for muons and protons in our storage ring magnetic field, together with precisely known ratios of fundamental constants, we determine $a_μ = 116\,592\,0710(162) \times 10^{-12}$ (139 ppb) for the new datasets, and $a_μ = 116\,592\,0705(148) \times 10^{-12}$ (127 ppb) when combined with our previous results. The new experimental world average, dominated by the measurements at FNAL, is $a_μ(\text{exp}) =116\,592\,0715(145) \times 10^{-12}$ (124 ppb). The measurements at FNAL have improved the precision on the world average by over a factor of four.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
The Effects of Synthesis Conditions on the Carbon Capture Capacity of Polyethylenimine Impregnated Protonated Titanate Nanotubes
Capture and storage of carbon dioxide emitted from power plants, which burn fossil fuels, is one of the best ways to mitigate climate change. Polyethylenimine (PEI) impregnated protonated titanate nanotubes (PEI-PTNTs) are efficient amine-modified solid adsorbents for post combustion carbon capture. This study is to investigate the effects of synthesis conditions of titanate nanotubes on the carbon capture capacity of PEI-PTNTs. PTNTs are synthesized using hydrothermal treatment of TiO 2 anatase powder at different temperatures and in different days, followed by washing with dilute HCl solution and deionized water. PEI-PTNTs are prepared by loading PEI (M.W. = 10,000) onto PTNTs at a weight ratio of 1:1 using a wet impregnation process. PTNTs and PEI-PTNTs are characterized using transmission electron microscopy, porosity and surface area analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CO 2 adsorption is conducted at 75 °C using simulated flue gas, and CO 2 desorption is performed at 110 °C by purging the adsorbent with dry nitrogen gas. CO 2 adsorption experiments demonstrate that the PEI-PTNTs synthesized at 130 °C within 3 or 5 days, have the highest CO 2 capture capacity. These optimized PEI-PTNTs have a significant potential to capture CO 2 from power plants.
Materials Science↗
Tubular, proton-conducting, ceramic reversible fuel cell for high-performance energy storage - Final Scientific Technical Report
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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