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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Note: Increasing dynamic range of digital-to-analog converter using a superconducting quantum interference device

Responses of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) are periodically dependent on magnetic flux coupling to its superconducting ring and the period is a flux quantum (Φ{sub o} = h/2e, where h and e, respectively, express Planck's constant and elementary charge). Using this periodicity, we had proposed a digital to analog converter using a SQUID (SQUID DAC) of first generation with linear current output, interval of which corresponded to Φ{sub o}. Modification for increasing dynamic range by interpolating within each interval is reported. Linearity of the interpolation was also based on the quantum periodicity. A SQUID DAC with dynamic range of about 1.4 × 10{sup 7} was created as a demonstration.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Description of quantum interference using mixed quantum/classical theory of inelastic scattering

Manifestation of the quantum interference effect in the oscillation of scattering cross section is explored using the N 2 + O system as a case study. Calculations are carried out for two electronic PESs of the system, for various initial rotational states of N 2 , in a broad range of N 2 + O collision energies and using three theoretical methods: two versions of the approximate mixed quantum/classical theory (MQCT and AT-MQCT) and the accurate full-quantum coupled-channel method (implemented in MOLSCAT). A good agreement between different methods is observed, especially at high energies. Elastic scattering cross-sections oscillate as a function of collision energy, which is the result of quantum interference. The effects of initial rotational excitation and of the PES properties are studied in detail. For the final (thermally averaged) cross sections, both MOLSCAT and MQCT calculations predict a rather regular pattern of quantum oscillations that persist through a broad range of collision energies and expand into the low-energy regime where quantum scattering resonances are common. The difference between cross sections predicted by MQCT and MOLSCAT decreases from ~8% at low energies to ~2% at high energies. Finally, experimental data available at high collision energies are well reproduced.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Proximity effect bilayer nano superconducting quantum interference devices for millikelvin magnetometry

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) incorporating thin film nanobridges as weak links have sensitivities approaching that required for single spin detection at 4.2 K. However, due to thermal hysteresis they are difficult to operate at much lower temperatures which hinder their application to many quantum measurements. To overcome this, we have developed nanoscale SQUIDs made from titanium-gold proximity bilayers. We show that their electrical properties are consistent with a theoretical model developed for heat flow in bilayers and demonstrate that they enable magnetic measurements to be made on a sample at system temperatures down to 60 mK.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quantum interference effects on the intensity of the G modes in double-walled carbon nanotubes

The effects of quantum interferences on the excitation dependence of the intensity of G modes have been investigated on single-walled carbon nanotubes [Duque et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 117404 (2012)]. In this work, by combining optical absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering on individual index identified double-walled carbon nanotubes, we examine the experimental excitation dependence of the intensity of longitudinal optical and transverse optical G modes of the constituent inner and outer single-walled carbon nanotubes. The observed striking dependencies are understood in terms of quantum interference effects. Considering such effects, the excitation dependence of the different components of the G modes permit to unambiguously assign each of them as originating from the longitudinal or transverse G modes of inner and outer tubes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Quantum interference measurement of spin interactions in a bio-organic/semiconductor device structure

Quantum interference is used to measure the spin interactions between an InAs surface electron system and the iron center in the biomolecule hemin in nanometer proximity in a bio-organic/semiconductor device structure. The interference quantifies the influence of hemin on the spin decoherence properties of the surface electrons. The decoherence times of the electrons serve to characterize the biomolecule, in an electronic complement to the use of spin decoherence times in magnetic resonance. Hemin, prototypical for the heme group in hemoglobin, is used to demonstrate the method, as a representative biomolecule where the spin state of a metal ion affects biological functions. The electronic determination of spin decoherence properties relies on the quantum correction of antilocalization, a result of quantum interference in the electron system. Spin-flip scattering is found to increase with temperature due to hemin, signifying a spin exchange between the iron center and the electrons, thus implying interactions between a biomolecule and a solid-state system in the hemin/InAs hybrid structure. The results also indicate the feasibility of artificial bioinspired materials using tunable carrier systems to mediate interactions between biological entities.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multilayer MgB{sub 2} superconducting quantum interference filter magnetometers

We report two types of all-MgB{sub 2} superconductive quantum interference filter (SQIF) magnetometers that can measure absolute magnetic fields with high sensitivity. In one configuration, the SQIFs were made of 20 multilayer nonplanar all-MgB{sub 2} superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) connected in parallel with loop areas ranging in size from 0.4 to 3.6 μm{sup 2}. These devices are sensitive to magnetic fields parallel to the substrate and show a single antipeak from 3 to 16 K with a maximum transfer function of ∼16 V/T at 3 K and a field noise of ∼110 pT/Hz{sup 1/2} above 100 Hz at 10 K. In a second configuration, the SQIFs were made with 16 planar SQUIDs connected in parallel with loop areas ranging in size from 4 μm{sup 2} to 25 μm{sup 2} and are sensitive to the magnetic fields perpendicular to the substrate. The planar SQIF shows a single antipeak from 10 to 22 K with a maximum transfer function of 7800 V/T at 10 K and a field noise of ∼70 pT/Hz{sup 1/2} above 100 Hz at 20 K.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Electrostatic gate-controlled quantum interference in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at the (La 0.3 ⁢Sr 0.7 )(Al 0.65 ⁢Ta 0.35 )O 3 /SrTiO 3 interface

Here, we report quantum oscillations in magnetoresistance that are periodic in magnetic field (𝐵), observed at the interface between (La 0.3 ⁢Sr 0.7 )(Al 0.65 ⁢Ta 0.35 )O 3 and SrTiO 3 . Unlike Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations, which appear at magnetic fields > 7 T and diminish quickly as the temperature rises, these 𝐵-periodic oscillations emerge at low fields and persist up to 10 K. Their amplitude decays exponentially with both temperature and field, specifying dephasing of quantum interference. Increasing the carrier density through electrostatic gating results in a systematic reduction in both the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations, with complete suppression beyond a certain gate voltage. We attribute these oscillations to the Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak effect, likely arising from naturally formed closed-loop paths due to the interconnected quasi-one-dimensional conduction channels along SrTiO 3 domain walls. The relatively long phase coherence length (≃ 1.8 µ⁢m at 0.1 K), estimated from the oscillation amplitude, highlights the potential of complex oxide interfaces as a promising platform for exploring quantum interference effects and advancing device concepts in quantum technologies, such as mesoscopic interferometers and quantum sensors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tailoring double Fano profiles with plasmon-assisted quantum interference in hybrid exciton-plasmon system

We propose tailoring of the double Fano profiles via plasmon-assisted quantum interference in a hybrid exciton-plasmon system. Tailoring is performed by the interference between two exciton channels interacting with a common localized surface plasmon. Using an applied field of low intensity, the absorption spectrum of the hybrid system reveals a double Fano lineshape with four peaks. For relatively large field intensity, a broad flat window in the absorption spectrum appears which results from the destructive interference between excitons. Because of strong constructive interference, this window vanishes as intensity is further increased. We have designed a nanometer bandpass optical filter for visible light based on tailoring of the optical spectrum. This study provides a platform for quantum interference that may have potential applications in ultracompact tunable quantum devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Harnessing Quantum Interference in Molecular Dielectric Materials

We investigate the relationship between dielectric response and charge transport in molecule-based materials operating in the quantum coherent regime. We find that quantum interference affects these observables differently, for instance, allowing current passing through certain materials to be reduced by orders of magnitude without affecting dielectric behavior (or band gap). As an example, we utilize ab initio electronic structure theory to calculate conductance and dielectric constants of cross-conjugated anthraquinone (AQ)-based and linearly conjugated anthracene (AC)-based materials. In spite of having nearly equal fundamental gaps, electrode bonding configurations, and molecular dimensions, we find a ~1.7 order of magnitude (~50-fold) reduction in the conductance of the AQ-based material relative to the AC-based material, a value in close agreement with recent measurements, while the calculated dielectric constants of both materials are nearly identical. From these results, we propose two molecular materials in which quantum interference is used to reduce leakage currents across a ~25 Å monolayer gap with dielectric constants larger than 4.5.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Silicon superconducting quantum interference device

We have studied a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) made from a single layer thin film of superconducting silicon. The superconducting layer is obtained by heavily doping a silicon wafer with boron atoms using the gas immersion laser doping technique. The SQUID is composed of two nano-bridges (Dayem bridges) in a loop and shows magnetic flux modulation at low temperature and low magnetic field. The overall behavior shows very good agreement with numerical simulations based on the Ginzburg-Landau equations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Strong Aharonov-Bohm quantum interference in simply connected LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 structures

We report Aharonov-Bohm (AB) type quantum interference in simply connected devices created at the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface using conductive atomic force microscope (c-AFM) lithography. The oscillations are multiperiodic functions of magnetic field strength, and they exhibit a substantial magnetic hysteresis with frequencies that depend on the magnetic sweep direction. The oscillation amplitude for the lowest two frequencies approaches $e^2/h$, consistent with the theoretical maximum for the AB effect, and harmonics up to third order are observable. Broadband quasiperiodic behavior is reported in a fraction of simply connected electron waveguide devices that exhibit magnetic asymmetries. Curiously, nanoscale ring devices that are multiply connected lack signatures of AB quantum interference. In this work, the interference phenomena are associated with an inhomogeneous magnetic landscape within theLaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 nanostructures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Nano-superconducting quantum interference devices with suspended junctions

Nano-Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (nano-SQUIDs) are usually fabricated from a single layer of either Nb or Al. We describe here a simple method for fabricating suspended nano-bridges in Nb/Al thin-film bilayers. We use these suspended bridges, which act as Josephson weak links, to fabricate nano-SQUIDs which show critical current oscillations at temperatures up to 1.5 K and magnetic flux densities up to over 20 mT. These nano-SQUIDs exhibit flux modulation depths intermediate between all-Al and all-Nb devices, with some of the desirable characteristics of both. The suspended geometry is attractive for magnetic single nanoparticle measurements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quantum interference in polyenes

The explicit form of the zeroth Green's function in the Hückel model, approximated by the negative of the inverse of the Hückel matrix, has direct quantum interference consequences for molecular conductance. We derive a set of rules for transmission between two electrodes attached to a polyene, when the molecule is extended by an even number of carbons at either end (transmission unchanged) or by an odd number of carbons at both ends (transmission turned on or annihilated). These prescriptions for the occurrence of quantum interference lead to an unexpected consequence for switches which realize such extension through electrocyclic reactions: for some specific attachment modes the chemically closed ring will be the ON position of the switch. Normally the signs of the entries of the Green's function matrix are assumed to have no physical significance; however, we show that the signs may have observable consequences. In particular, in the case of multiple probe attachments – if coherence in probe connections can be arranged – in some cases new destructive interference results, while in others one may have constructive interference. One such case may already exist in the literature.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Vortex-induced anomalies in the superconducting quantum interference patterns of topological insulator Josephson junctions

The superconducting quantum interference (SQI) patterns of Josephson junctions fabricated from hybrid structures that interface an s-wave superconductor with a topological insulator can be used to detect signatures of novel quasiparticle states. Here, we compare calculated and experimental SQI patterns obtained from hybrid junctions fabricated on cadmium arsenide, a two-dimensional topological insulator. The calculations account for the effects of Abrikosov (anti-) vortices in the superconducting contacts. They describe the experimentally observed deviations of the SQI from an ideal Fraunhofer pattern, including anomalous phase shifts, node lifting, even/odd modulations of the lobes, irregular lobe spacing, and an asymmetry in the positive/negative magnetic field. We also show that under a current bias, these vortices enter the electrodes even if there is no intentionally applied external magnetic field. The results show that Abrikosov vortices in the electrodes of the junctions can explain many of the observed anomalies in the SQI patterns of topological insulator Josephson junctions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electron quantum interference in epitaxial antiferromagnetic NiO thin films

The electron reflectivity from NiO thin films grown on Ag(001) has been systematically studied as a function of film thickness and electron energy. A strong electron quantum interference effect was observed from the NiO film, which is used to derive the unoccupied band dispersion above the Fermi surface along the Γ-X direction using the phase accumulation model. The experimental bands agree well with first-principles calculations. A weaker electron quantum interference effect was also observed from the CoO film.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Quantum interference and control of the dynamic Franz-Keldysh effect: Generation and detection of terahertz space-charge fields

The Dynamic Franz Keldysh Effect (DFKE) is produced and controlled in bulk gallium arsenide by quantum interference without the aid of externally applied fields and is spatially and temporally resolved using ellipsometric pump-probe techniques. The {approx}3 THz internal driving field for the DFKE is a transient space-charge field that is associated with a critically damped coherent plasma oscillation produced by oppositely traveling ballistic electron and hole currents that are injected by two-color quantum interference techniques. The relative phase and polarization of the two pump pulses can be used to control the DFKE.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Local Berry Phase Signatures of Bilayer Graphene in Intervalley Quantum Interference

Chiral quasiparticles in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene have valley-contrasting Berry phases of ±2π. This nontrivial topological structure, associated with the pseudospin winding along a closed Fermi surface, is responsible for various novel electronic properties. In this work, we show that the quantum interference due to intervalley scattering induced by single-atom vacancies or impurities provides insights into the topological nature of the bilayer graphene. The scattered chiral quasiparticles between distinct valleys with opposite chirality undergo a rotation of pseudospin that results in the Friedel oscillation with wavefront dislocations. The number of dislocations reflects the information about pseudospin texture and hence can be used to measure the Berry phase. As demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically, the Friedel oscillation, depending on the single-atom vacancy or impurity at different sublattices, can exhibit N = 4, 2, or 0 additional wavefronts, characterizing the 2π Berry phase of the bilayer graphene. Our results provide a comprehensive study of the intervalley quantum interference in bilayer graphene and can be extended to multilayer graphene, shedding light on the pseudospin physics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quantum interference of independently generated telecom-band single photons

We report on high-visibility quantum interference of independently generated telecom O-band (1310 nm) single photons using standard single-mode fibers. The experimental data are shown to agree well with the results of simulations using a comprehensive quantum multimode theory without the need for any fitting parameter.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗