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When extracting metals with the sulfur donor ligand, Cyanex 301 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid), a transition in the coordination mode of extracted complexes has been observed between Eu and Gd, but not within the actinide series.
An Extraction, Scrub, and Strip (ESS) test was performed on a sample of Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) solvent and salt simulant to determine cesium distribution ratios (D (Cs) ), and cesium concentration in the strip effluent (SE) and decontaminated salt solution (DSS) streams; this data will be used by Parsons to help determine if the solvent is qualified for use at the SWPF. The ESS test showed acceptable performance of the solvent for extraction, scrub, and strip operations. The extraction D (Cs) measured 13.2, exceeding the required value of 8. This value is consistent with results from previous ESS tests using similar solvent formulations. Similarly, scrub and strip cesium distribution ratios fell within acceptable ranges
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Here, the Tritium Extraction eXperiment (TEX) is a forced-convection lead-lithium (PbLi) loop in the Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) facility at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) with the purpose of providing validation data for the vacuum permeator tritium extraction concept. A vanadium tube of 1000 mm length, 12.7 mm outside diameter, and 0.50 mm wall thickness is installed in the test section of TEX. The installed vanadium tube is characterized to quantify impurity concentrations, surface chemistry, and microstructure to elucidate permeation phenomena observed in experimentation. Herein, the permeation properties of the vanadium tube are characterized by measuring deuterium permeation at 300 °C, 325 °C, and 350 °C at 100 kPa, 125 kPa, and 150 kPa total pressures with 5000 ppm deuterium in helium gas mixture in a once-through flow configuration. The hydrogen isotope permeation through the vanadium tube in the test section is measured with quadrupole mass spectrometers and the hydrogen isotope concentration in the feed and retentate gas stream is measured with gas chromatography. The transient permeation results are modeled with MELCOR-TMAP, a thermal-hydraulic tritium transport code, and compared well with literature data.
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In the present work, an analytical method has been developed for the determination of the amount of man-made beryllium metal and/or beryllium compounds in soil in addition to the amount of native beryllium that is present. The method is based on the premise that if high-fired beryllium oxide can be extracted efficiently, then beryllium metal and acid-soluble beryllium salts would also be extracted efficiently.
Acrylic fiber can be chemically converted to an am- idoxime and carboxylate containing chelating adsorbent for extraction of uranium from seawater. At an optimized ratio of amidoxime:carboxylate, the chelating fiber in real seawater shows a higher uranium, shorter saturation time and lower vanadium adsorption capacity relative to similar high-surface area chelating fibers developed recently using a radiation-induced grafting method. This simple and low-cost synthesis method can be scaled up to mass produce the chelating fiber for recovering metals from aquatic environments including production of uranium from seawater.
The Light-Cone Distribution Amplitude (LCDA) encodes the non-perturbative information of the leading Fock component of the hadron wave function, therefore required for processes including exclusive hadron production. As the Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of QCD, the nonperturbative structure of the pion is of particular interest. Progress on the Lattice QCD calculation of the pion LCDA on O(a) -improved Wilson fermion ensembles at several lattice spacings is presented. Excited-state systematics are taken into account within a Bayesian Model Averaging framework. A Renormalization-Group-Invariant (RGI) ratio of matrix elements is formed for further extraction of the pion LCDA.
An end-to-end supervised learning method is developed to classify transmission line faults in a twoyear field-recorded dataset that includes synchronized measurements of three-phase voltages recorded by 38 Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sparsely located in in the US Western Grid interconnection. Statistical analysis is performed to extract features from this large dataset to train Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifiers initially. The training further leverages a simulated dataset from a synthetic grid with 12 PMUs to increase the number of faults of types infrequently seen in the field-recorded dataset. Training the classification models with the combined dataset resulted in a classification accuracy of 97.7%. This is a significant improvement over 89.7% to 92.5% accuracy obtained by relying on the field-recorded dataset alone.
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InGaAs heterostructures have demonstrated the means to maintain hot carrier behavior under practical operating conditions via valley photovoltaics. However, enhancing the extraction to create a fully operational hot carrier solar cell requires an enhanced understanding of the barriers inside such devices. A set of four InGaAs heterostructures altering the n + top layer of the structure has been produced to enable comparative analysis of the current density-voltage characterization and the relationship to the band and valley alignments.
Strong interactions of electromagnetic fields with plasmonic nanomaterials have been exploited in various applications. These applications have centred on plasmon-enhanced scattering rates in nearby molecules or plasmon-induced heating. A question that has emerged recently is whether it is possible to use plasmonic nanostructures in a range of hot electron (hole) applications, including photocatalysis, photovoltaics and photodetection. These applications require coupling of a plasmonic component, which amplifies the interaction of light with the material, to an attached non-plasmonic component that extracts this energy in the form of electronic excitations to perform a function. Here, in this Perspective, we discuss recent work in the emerging field of hybrid plasmonics. We focus on fundamental questions related to the nanoscopic flow of energy and excited charge carriers in these multicomponent materials. We also address critical misconceptions, challenges and opportunities that require more attention.
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