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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2023

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Shear Stimulation ERT Monitoring Data

This repository contains the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring data that was collected before, during, and after shear stimulation attempts were conducted at EGS Collab. These tests were carried out on the SURF 4100 level during Experiment 2 in March, 2022. Flow and stimulation data corresponding to this dataset are available in a different GDR dataset, which is linked below. Also included here are the E4D input files that were used to process the ERT data. E4D is an open source ERT monitoring and inversion code which is linked for use below.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

NASA NTRS1990

Telemetry and command standards

The first phase of the international Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) efforts toward the definition of standards for space telemetry, spacecraft tracking, and command functions has established a set of standard space communications techniques capable of satisfying almost the entire spectrum of space mission user requirements. This was achieved by focusing on the distinctive problems associated with the space/ground data link, and developing the infrastructural system designated the 'Open Systems Interconnection'. The intrinsically international coordination by CCSDS of development efforts ensures highly flexible mutual support activities by the various national space agencies.

Hooke, Adrian J.↗

NASA NTRS2000

Microwave Sensing of Ocean Winds Including the Use of SAR Imagery

This paper presents aircraft measurements of near-surface atmospheric boundary layer wind roll signatures and radar-derived sea surface roughness. These data are completely coincident in space and time and this unique feature supports attempts to definitively link SAR backscatter signatures to boundary layer roll impacts. The open-ocean data were collected at an altitude of 20 m from NOAA's Long-EZ aircraft using its turbulence probe and down-looking Ka-band radar scatterometer. Several flight legs of 20-30 km were flown with a heading across the wind direction, which is also roughly perpendicular to the roll vortices. We find remarkable correlation between measured modulations in the along-wind component of wind speed and radar backscatter for the spatial scale of 1 to 1.5 km. Close agreement between normalized modulation amplitudes suggests the radar-inferred surface slope variance is changing linearly with wind speed. These data were collected within 30 minutes of a RADARSAT SAR overpass where apparent boundary layer impacts of the same orientation and spatial dimension are prevalent in the SAR backscatter image. Quantitative comparison between modulations in the aircraft and satellite radar data will be discussed.

Vandemark, Douglas↗

NASA NTRS2000

Measured Correlation Between Roll-Vortex Signatures and Radar-Inferred Sea Surface Roughness

This paper presents aircraft measurements of near-surface atmospheric boundary layer roll signatures and radar-derived sea surface roughness. These data are completely coincident in space and time and this unique feature supports attempts to definitively link SAR backscatter signatures to boundary layer roll impacts. The open-ocean data were collected at an altitude of 20 in from NOAA's Long-EZ aircraft using its turbulence probe and down-looking Ka-band radar scatterometer, Several flight legs of 20-30 km were flown with a heading across the wind direction, which is also roughly perpendicular to the roll vortices. We find remarkable correlation between measured modulations in the along-wind component of wind speed and radar backscatter for the spatial scale of I to 1.5 kin. Close agreement between normalized modulation amplitudes suggests the radar-inferred surface slope variance is changing linearly with wind speed. These data were collected within 30 minutes of a RADARSAT SAR overpass where apparent boundary layer impacts of the same orientation and spatial dimension are prevalent in the SAR backscatter image. Quantitative comparison between modulations in the aircraft and satellite radar data will be discussed.

Vandemark, Douglas↗

NASA NTRS2016

Preliminary Results from the AFRL-NASA W/V-Band Terrestrial Link Experiment in Albuquerque, NM

Atmospheric propagation models and the measurements that train them are critical to the design of efficient and effective space-ground links. As communication systems advance to higher frequencies in search of higher data rates and open spectrum, a lack of data at these frequencies necessitates new measurements to properly develop, validate, and refine the models used for link budgeting and system design. In collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), NASA Glenn Research Center has deployed the WV-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) in Albuquerque, NM to conduct a measurement campaign at 72 and 84 GHz, among the first atmospheric propagation measurements at these frequencies. WTLE has been operational since October 1, 2015, and the system design shall be herein discussed alongside preliminary results and performance.

propagation↗

DOE OSTI2023

PNNL DataHub NIAID Program Project: Modeling Host Responses to Understand Severe Human Virus Infections, Multi-Omic Viral Dataset Catalog Collection

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) "Modeling Host Responses to Understand Severe Human Virus Infections" program project was a highly integrated and comprehensive systems biology research core, funded by the National Institute of Health (U19AI106772) from 2013-06-01 to 2018-05-31, investigating the complex host response to category A, B, and C priority pathogen infections. Resulting project deliverables include an extensive comprehensive collections of linked primary and secondary transformation viral experimental infection data. Here we provide a never before released comprehensive infectious disease collection of primary and secondary transformation multi-Omics data profiling a series of priority pathogen primary experimental studies for enhanced open access to viral Omics lifecycle datasets and project metadata. Using a highly integrated and multidisciplinary approach, linked primary data and metadata supporting secondary normalization datasets, provide critical information necessary for research reproducibility and long-term preservation. Enabling on-demand data access for research community consumption and developer reuse, serves to support new mechanistic insights and discoveries into host-pathogen interactions for aiding future biohazard data preparedness efforts in emergency response to global health crises involving viral infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS2023

Flight Test Data for Prototype Air-Ground Control and Non-Payload Communications Radio Link

Extensive flight testing was conducted over flat terrain, hilly terrain, and open freshwater settings to examine performance of an air-ground command and control radio link for unmanned aerial vehicles. The flight data collected on bidirectional radio range, signal fading, and transmitted data loss were necessary to validate a proposed air-ground radio waveform that was being considered by a U.S. standards organization. The NASA test system operated at C-band frequencies and utilized a prototype, software-defined radio developed in cooperation with a commercial avionics supplier. Results are presented for multiple altitudes, ranges, and flight conditions, indicating the signal fade depths, occurrence rates, and durations for each flight environment.

Kurt Shalkhauser↗

DOE OSTI2021

Data of High-Temperature Dynamic LCM Testing Setup

Data from high temperature dynamic sealing tests for various fracture widths, at various temperatures (degrees F), with 5 wt.% bentonite-based mud containing various material fiber contents, at 100 to 400 psi differential pressure. Data from pressure test and evaluation of the dynamic lost circulation materials (LCM) testing unit to reflect the condition of open and sealed fracture using fracture width of 1000 microns at 120 degrees F. Links to two papers based on the data - "Loss circulation prevention in geothermal drilling by shape memory polymer" which was published in Geothermics 89 (2021) 101943) as well as "Evaluating sealability of blended smart polymer and fiber additive for geothermal drilling with the effect of fracture opening size", published in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 206 (2021) 108998.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Decision support for United States—Canada energy integration is impaired by fragmentary environmental and electricity system modeling capacity

The renewable energy transition is leading to increased electricity trade between the United States and Canada, with Canadian hydropower providing firm lower-carbon power and buffering variability of wind and solar generation in the U.S. However, long-term power purchase agreements and transborder transmission projects are controversial, with two of four proposed transmission lines between Quebec, Canada and the northeast U.S. cancelled since 2018. Here, we argue that controversies are exacerbated by a lack of open-source data and tools to understand tradeoffs of new hydropower generation and transmission infrastructure in comparison to alternatives. This gap includes impacts that incremental transmission and generation projects have on the economics of the entire system, for example, how new transmission projects affect exports to existing markets or incentivize new generation. We identify priority areas for data synthesis and model development, such as integrating linked hydropower and hydrologic interactions in energy system models and openly releasing (by utilities) or back-calculating (by researchers) hydropower generation and operational parameters. Publicly available environmental (e.g. streamflow, precipitation) and techno-economic (e.g. costs, reservoir size,) data can be used to parameterize freely usable and extensible models. Existing models have been calibrated with operational data from Canadian utilities that are not publicly available, limiting the range of scientific and commercial questions these tools have been used to answer and the range of parties that have been involved. Studies conducted using highly resolved, national-scale public data exist in other countries, notably, the United States, and demonstrate how greater transparency and extensibility can drive industry action. Improved data availability in Canada could facilitate approaches that (1) increase participation in decarbonization planning by a broader range of actors; (2) allow independent characterizations of environmental, health, and economic outcomes of interest to the public; and (3) identify decarbonization pathways consistent with community values.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2016

Ontobee: A linked ontology data server to support ontology term dereferencing, linkage, query and integration

Linked Data (LD) aims to achieve interconnected data by representing entities using Unified Resource Identifiers (URIs), and sharing information using Resource Description Frameworks (RDFs) and HTTP. Ontologies, which logically represent entities and relations in specific domains, are the basis of LD. Ontobee (http://www.ontobee.org/) is a linked ontology data server that stores ontology information using RDF triple store technology and supports query, visualization and linkage of ontology terms. Ontobee is also the default linked data server for publishing and browsing biomedical ontologies in the Open Biological Ontology (OBO) Foundry (http://obofoundry.org) library. Ontobee currently hosts more than 180 ontologies (including 131 OBO Foundry Library ontologies) with over four million terms. Ontobee provides a user-friendly web interface for querying and visualizing the details and hierarchy of a specific ontology term. Using the eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) technology, Ontobee is able to dereference a single ontology term URI, and then output RDF/eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for computer processing or display the HTML information on a web browser for human users. Statistics and detailed information are generated and displayed for each ontology listed in Ontobee. In addition, a SPARQL web interface is provided for custom advanced SPARQL queries of one or multiple ontologies.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1996

Integration of the White Sands Complex into a Wide Area Network

The NASA White Sands Complex (WSC) satellite communications facility consists of two main ground stations, an auxiliary ground station, a technical support facility, and a power plant building located on White Sands Missile Range. When constructed, terrestrial communication access to these facilities was limited to copper telephone circuits. There was no local or wide area communications network capability. This project incorporated a baseband local area network (LAN) topology at WSC and connected it to NASA's wide area network using the Program Support Communications Network-Internet (PSCN-I). A campus-style LAN is configured in conformance with the International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnect (ISO) model. Ethernet provides the physical and data link layers. Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are used for the network and transport layers. The session, presentation, and application layers employ commercial software packages. Copper-based Ethernet collision domains are constructed in each of the primary facilities and these are interconnected by routers over optical fiber links. The network and each of its collision domains are shown to meet IEEE technical configuration guidelines. The optical fiber links are analyzed for the optical power budget and bandwidth allocation and are found to provide sufficient margin for this application. Personal computers and work stations attached to the LAN communicate with and apply a wide variety of local and remote administrative software tools. The Internet connection provides wide area network (WAN) electronic access to other NASA centers and the world wide web (WWW). The WSC network reduces and simplifies the administrative workload while providing enhanced and advanced inter-communications capabilities among White Sands Complex departments and with other NASA centers.

Boucher, Phillip Larry↗

NASA NTRS2014

Formal Provenance Representation of the Data and Information Supporting the National Climate Assessment

The Global Change Information System (GCIS) provides a framework for the formal representation of structured metadata about data and information about global change. The pilot deployment of the system supports the National Climate Assessment (NCA), a major report of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). A consumer of that report can use the system to browse and explore that supporting information. Additionally, capturing that information into a structured data model and presenting it in standard formats through well defined open inter- faces, including query interfaces suitable for data mining and linking with other databases, the information becomes valuable for other analytic uses as well.

Provenance↗

NASA NTRS2004

Integrated Antenna/Solar Array Cell (IA/SAC) System for Flexible Access Communications

Present satellite communications systems normally use separate solar cells and antennas. Since solar cells generally account for the largest surface area of the spacecraft, co-locating the antenna and solar cells on the same substrate opens the possibility for a number of data-rate-enhancing communications link architecture that would have minimal impact on spacecraft weight and size. The idea of integrating printed planar antenna and solar array cells on the same surface has been reported in the literature. The early work merely attempted to demonstrate the feasibility by placing commercial solar cells besides a patch antenna. Recently, Integrating multiple antenna elements and solar cell arrays on the same surface was reported for both space and terrestrial applications. The application of photovoltaic solar cell in a planar antenna structure where the radiating patch antenna is replaced by a Si solar cell has been demonstrated in wireless communication systems (C. Bendel, J. Kirchhof and N. Henze, 3rd Would Photovotaic Congress, Osaka, Japan, May 2003). Based on a hybrid approach, a 6x1 slot array with circularly polarized crossdipole elements co-located on the same surface of the solar cells array has been demonstrated (S. Vaccaro, J. R. Mosig and P. de Maagt, IEEE Trans. Ant. and Propag., Vol. 5 1, No. 8, Aug. 2003). Amorphous silicon solar cells with about 5-10% efficiency were used in these demonstrations. This paper describes recent effort to integrate advanced solar cells with printed planar antennas. Compared to prior art, the proposed WSAC concept is unique in the following ways: 1) Active antenna element will be used to achieve dynamic beam steering; 2) High efficiency (30%) GaAs multi-junction solar cells will be used instead of Si, which has an efficiency of about 15%; 3) Antenna and solar cells are integrated on a common GaAs substrate; and 4) Higher data rate capability. The IA/SAC is designed to operate at X-band (8-12 GH) and higher frequencies Higher operating frequencies enable greater bandwidth and thus higher data transfer rates. The first phase of the effort involves the development of GaAs solar cell MIMs (Monolithically Integrated Module) with a single patch antenna on the opposite side of the substrate. Subsequent work will involve the integration of MIMs and antennas on the same side of the substrate. Results from the phase one efforts will be presented.

Lee, Ricard Q.↗

DOE OSTI2018

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research

Although much work has linked the human microbiome to specific phenotypes and lifestyle variables, data from different projects have been challenging to integrate and the extent of microbial and molecular diversity in human stool remains unknown. Using standardized protocols from the Earth Microbiome Project and sample contributions from over 10,000 citizen-scientists, together with an open research network, we compare human microbiome specimens primarily from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia to one another and to environmental samples. Our results show an unexpected range of beta-diversity in human stool microbiomes compared to environmental samples; demonstrate the utility of procedures for removing the effects of overgrowth during room-temperature shipping for revealing phenotype correlations; uncover new molecules and kinds of molecular communities in the human stool metabolome; and examine emergent associations among the microbiome, metabolome, and the diversity of plants that are consumed (rather than relying on reductive categorical variables such as veganism, which have little or no explanatory power). We also demonstrate the utility of the living data resource and cross-cohort comparison to confirm existing associations between the microbiome and psychiatric illness and to reveal the extent of microbiome change within one individual during surgery, providing a paradigm for open microbiome research and education. We show that a citizen science, self-selected cohort shipping samples through the mail at room temperature recaptures many known microbiome results from clinically collected cohorts and reveals new ones. Of particular interest is integrating n = 1 study data with the population data, showing that the extent of microbiome change after events such as surgery can exceed differences between distinct environmental biomes, and the effect of diverse plants in the diet, which we confirm with untargeted metabolomics on hundreds of samples.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

The International Experimental Thermal Hydraulic Systems database – TIETHYS: A new NEA validation tool

Nuclear reactor codes require validation with appropriate data representing the plant for specific scenarios. The thermal-hydraulic data is scattered in different locations and in different formats. Some of the data is in danger of being lost. A relational database is being developed to organize the international thermal hydraulic test data for various reactor concepts and different scenarios. At the reactor system level, that data is organized to include separate effect tests and integral effect tests for specific scenarios and corresponding phenomena. The database relies on the phenomena identification sections of expert developed PIRTs. The database will provide a summary of appropriate data, review of facility information, test description, instrumentation, references for the experimental data and some examples of application of the data for validation. The current database platform includes scenarios for PWR, BWR, VVER, and specific benchmarks for CFD modelling data and is to be expanded to include references for molten salt reactors. There are place holders for high temperature gas cooled reactors, CANDU and liquid metal reactors. This relational database is called The International Experimental Thermal Hydraulic Systems (TIETHYS) database and currently resides at Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD and is freely open to public access. Going forward the database will be extended to include additional links and data as they become available. https://www.oecd-nea.org/tiethysweb/

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The State of Cryptolib – The Open-Source Satellite Cryptography Library

What state would the world be in if all internet traffic was unencrypted? Imagine an alternate universe where you can plug a packet sniffing device into your home internet and capture the web traffic of the entire world. It seems obvious that this scenario is less than desirable. If we would not allow this for the internet, why would we allow this in the space domain? With the advent of open-source ground stations, commercial off the shelf hardware, and ground stations as a service, the barrier to entry for space communications is rapidly lowering. New players enter the space realm everydayevery day, and the presence of tools to allow apprentice evildoers the ability to exploit satellite communications is on the horizon. Not only are legacy missions at risk, but future missions are as well - particularly lower budget science missions with more stringent sciencesize, weight, and power constraints. that may find it difficult to utilize hardware-based encryption solutions. In terms of Civilian Aerospace, NASA Standard 1006 generally directs that missions "shall protect the command stack with encryption that meets or exceeds Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140". Fortunately, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has published an international standard on Space Data Link Security. The combination of these two forces has resulted in CryptoLib - an open-source, C-based, encryption library that aims to be CCSDS SDLS compliant. CryptoLib is designed to support smaller missions on a tight budget that may be subject to the more stringent command link encryption requirements. Additionally, CryptoLib serves as an underpinning in JPL's Key Management & Cryptography (KMC) suite and is also designed to function as a 'drop-in' for smaller missions. CryptoLib is in active development and currently provides Telecommand (TC), Telemetry (TM), and Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS) encryption and decryption capabilities with a variety of encryption and authentication schemes. This presentation will report the latest features, current status, and future plans for CryptoLib.

open-source encryption↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The State of CryptoLib – The Open-Source Satellite Cryptography Library

open-source encryption↗

NASA NTRS1984

Controlling TV-Camera f-Stop Remotely

Lens opening of television camera controlled manually from remote location by simple and inexpensive data link without modifications to camera lens system. Allows closeup views of wide-brightness-range events otherwise hazardous for human operator.

Talley, G. L., Jr.↗