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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1983

Closed-loop strain controlled testing at elevated temperatures with a non-contacting gage

Normal strains were measured over a 100 micron gage length at a distance of 50 microns from the edge of a notch using a non-contacting, laser-based interferometric technique. Tests were performed at 600 C under direct strain control from this interferometric 'micro-gage'. A minicomputer system, that produced a voltage analog of strain as a final output, controlled the strain measuring apparatus. This analog output was used directly as the feedback signal to a closed-loop, electrohydraulic mechanical test system. This allowed both strain rate and strain amplitude to be controlled at the notch root of the specimen.

Martin, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Learning control for slewing of a flexible panel

This paper studies the applicability of a discrete-time learning control method to the slewing control of a large flexible panel. Among the issues discussed are feasibility of the desired trajectories and their specification schemes, learning control by linear feedback, limitation of the actuator device output, and robustness to parameter changes or modeling errors associated with the chosen learning control design. To demonstrate the effectiveness of learning control, the system is designed with a proportional controller of the base angle only. Then application of the learning control is shown to make the system learn quickly to achieve the desired slewing without residual vibration at the end of the maneuver. Simulation results are reported and discussed.

Phan, M.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Point to Point Control of the Hydrogen Mixer

We continue to build on the theoretical modelling of a liquid hydrogen (LH2) and gas hydrogen (GH2) mixer subsystem. The mixer described in this work is responsible for combining high pressure LH2 and GH2 to produce a hydrogen flow that meets certain thermodynamic properties. The desired properties are maintained by precise control of the LH2 and GH2 flows. The mixer is modelled as a general multi-flow lumped volume for single constituent fluids using density and internal energy as states. The set of nonlinear differential equations is modelled in the SIMULINK environment including a table look-up feature of the fluid thermodynamic properties. A small signal (linear) model is developed based on the nonlinear model and simulated as well. Pulse disturbances are introduced to the valve positions and the quality of the linear model is ascertained by comparing its behavior against the nonlinear model simulations. Valve control strategies that simulate an operator-in-the-loop scenario are then explored demonstrating the need for automatic feedback control. Finally, optimal single-output and multi-output Proportional/Integral controllers are designed based on the linear model and applied to the nonlinear model with excellent results to track simultaneous, constant setpoint changes in desired exit flow, exit temperature, and mixer pressure, as well as to reject unmeasureable but bounded additive step perturbations in the valve positions.

Barbieri, Enrique↗
DOE OSTI2020

Model-Free Primal-Dual Methods for Network Optimization with Application to Real-Time Optimal Power Flow: Preprint

This paper examines the problem of real-time optimization of networked systems and develops online algorithms that steer the system towards the optimal trajectory without explicit knowledge of the system model. The problem is modeled as a dynamic optimization problem with time-varying performance objectives and engineering constraints. The design of the algorithms leverages the online zero-order primal-dual projected-gradient method. In particular, the primal step that involves the gradient of the objective function (and hence requires networked systems model) is replaced by its zero-order approximation with two function evaluations using a deterministic perturbation signal. The evaluations are performed using the measurements of the system output, hence giving rise to a feedback interconnection, with the optimization algorithm serving as a feedback controller. The paper provides some insights on the stability and tracking properties of this interconnection. Finally, the paper applies this methodology to a real-time optimal power flow problem in power systems, and shows its efficacy on the IEEE 37-node distribution test feeder for reference power tracking and voltage regulation.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
NASA NTRS2007

Method and apparatus for loss of control inhibitor systems

Active and adaptive systems and methods to prevent loss of control incidents by providing tactile feedback to a vehicle operator are disclosed. According to the present invention, an operator gives a control input to an inceptor. An inceptor sensor measures an inceptor input value of the control input. The inceptor input is used as an input to a Steady-State Inceptor Input/Effector Output Model that models the vehicle control system design. A desired effector output from the inceptor input is generated from the model. The desired effector output is compared to an actual effector output to get a distortion metric. A feedback force is generated as a function of the distortion metric. The feedback force is used as an input to a feedback force generator which generates a loss of control inhibitor system (LOCIS) force back to the inceptor. The LOCIS force is felt by the operator through the inceptor.

A'Harrah, Ralph C.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Method and apparatus for loss of control inhibitor systems

Active and adaptive systems and methods to prevent loss of control incidents by providing tactile feedback to a vehicle operator are disclosed. According to the present invention, an operator gives a control input to an inceptor. An inceptor sensor measures an inceptor input value of the control input. The inceptor input is used as an input to a Steady-State Inceptor Input/Effector Output Model that models the vehicle control system design. A desired effector output from the inceptor input is generated from the model. The desired effector output is compared to an actual effector output to get a distortion metric. A feedback force is generated as a function of the distortion metric. The feedback force is used as an input to a feedback force generator which generates a loss of control inhibitor system (LOCIS) force back to the inceptor. The LOCIS force is felt by the operator through the inceptor.

A'Harrah, Ralph C.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

On the Nature of the Arctic’s Positive Lapse-rate Feedback: Cause or Symptom of Arctic Amplification

Radiative energy fluxes exiting the atmosphere towards the surface and to space are sensitive to the vertical structure of temperature. Under anthropogenic forcing, this sensitivity gives rise to the lapse-rate feedback. Shown to be negative in the tropics and positive in the Arctic, studies argue that the lapse-rate feedback is the primary cause of Arctic Amplification. While mechanistically the negative tropical lapse-rate feedback is understood, the mechanics of the positive Arctic lapse-rate feedback are less clear. Previous arguments state that the Arctic’s stable stratification is the origin of its positive lapse-rate feedback. We present results using CMIP5 and CMIP6 model output that arguing that the magnitude, spatial variability, seasonality, and inter-model spread in the Arctic lapse-rate feedback is controlled by surface properties and atmosphere-ocean-sea ice energy exchanges, not the degree of stable stratification. We argue that the Arctic’s positive lapse-rate feedback is a seasonal and regional phenomenon that manifests from local surface characteristics and surface albedo, ice insulation, and thermal inertia feedbacks that cause surface warming to outpace atmospheric warming in sea ice-retreat regions. We view the Arctic’s positive lapse-rate feedback as a symptom rather than the primary cause of Arctic Amplification.

Patrick Charles Taylor↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

On the Nature of the Arctic’s Positive Lapse Rate Feedback Cause or Symptom of Arctic Amplification

Radiative energy fluxes exiting the atmosphere towards the surface and to space are sensitive to the vertical structure of temperature. Under anthropogenic forcing, this sensitivity gives rise to the lapse-rate feedback. Shown to be negative in the tropics and positive in the Arctic, studies argue that the lapse-rate feedback is the primary cause of Arctic Amplification. While mechanistically the negative tropical lapse-rate feedback is understood, the mechanics of the positive Arctic lapse-rate feedback are less clear. Previous arguments state that the Arctic’s stable stratification is the origin of its positive lapse-rate feedback. We present results using CMIP5 and CMIP6 model output that arguing that the magnitude, spatial variability, seasonality, and inter-model spread in the Arctic lapse-rate feedback is controlled by surface properties and atmosphere-ocean-sea ice energy exchanges, not the degree of stable stratification. We argue that the Arctic’s positive lapse-rate feedback is a seasonal and regional phenomenon that manifests from local surface characteristics and surface albedo, ice insulation, and thermal inertia feedbacks that cause surface warming to outpace atmospheric warming in sea ice-retreat regions. We view the Arctic’s positive lapse-rate feedback as a symptom rather than the primary cause of Arctic Amplification.

Patrick C Taylor↗
NASA NTRS1983

Variable speed drive

A variable speed drive wherein a first embodiment is comprised of a pivotally mounted prime mover coupled to a rotary fluid output device, such as a fan or pump, through a variable and fixed pulley drive arrangement is described. The pivotal position of the prime mover and accordingly the pitch diameter of variable pulley means is controlled in accordance with fluid motor means coupled to the prime mover. This is actuated in response to a fluid feedback control signal derived from a sensed output of the rotary fluid output device. The pivotal motion of the prime mover imparts an arcuate motion to the variable pulley means which effects a speed variation of the rotary fluid output device in accordance with the variation of the pitch diameter ratio of opposing variable and fixed pulley means.

Obler, H. D.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Online Control of Process Variance Using Feedback

For many stochastic control problem formulations, design objectives typically include constraining the covariance of the outputs of the system. Recent engineering challenges have demonstrated an interest in controlling system output covariances to a setpoint. However, open-loop control of system output covariance can be exceptionally challenging when the system has significant plant uncertainties. This paper explores closed-loop control of the system’s output covariance using a windowed variance function. The stochastic nature of the windowed variance feedback means that root locus and other classical control design techniques cannot be immediately used. Expected value analysis is used to generate transfer functions for the average response of such systems, and the results are used to design controllers. Stochastic simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and make other observations concerning closed-loop variance control.

Bieniek, Mitchell↗
NASA NTRS1988

Feedback stabilization of a class of nonlinear plants using a factorization approach

The authors generalize the right-coprimeness definition by requiring only that the corresponding plant's pseudo-state be reconstructable by a two-input one-output stable observer. They obtain right-coprime factorizations for a class of nonlinear plants for which a two-input one-output pseudo-state observer is constructed. A feedback stabilization scheme is given using this observer.

Desoer, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Fast temporal neural learning using teacher forcing

A neural network is trained to output a time dependent target vector defined over a predetermined time interval in response to a time dependent input vector defined over the same time interval by applying corresponding elements of the error vector, or difference between the target vector and the actual neuron output vector, to the inputs of corresponding output neurons of the network as corrective feedback. This feedback decreases the error and quickens the learning process, so that a much smaller number of training cycles are required to complete the learning process. A conventional gradient descent algorithm is employed to update the neural network parameters at the end of the predetermined time interval. The foregoing process is repeated in repetitive cycles until the actual output vector corresponds to the target vector. In the preferred embodiment, as the overall error of the neural network output decreasing during successive training cycles, the portion of the error fed back to the output neurons is decreased accordingly, allowing the network to learn with greater freedom from teacher forcing as the network parameters converge to their optimum values. The invention may also be used to train a neural network with stationary training and target vectors.

Toomarian, Nikzad↗
NASA NTRS1995

Fast temporal neural learning using teacher forcing

A neural network is trained to output a time dependent target vector defined over a predetermined time interval in response to a time dependent input vector defined over the same time interval by applying corresponding elements of the error vector, or difference between the target vector and the actual neuron output vector, to the inputs of corresponding output neurons of the network as corrective feedback. This feedback decreases the error and quickens the learning process, so that a much smaller number of training cycles are required to complete the learning process. A conventional gradient descent algorithm is employed to update the neural network parameters at the end of the predetermined time interval. The foregoing process is repeated in repetitive cycles until the actual output vector corresponds to the target vector. In the preferred embodiment, as the overall error of the neural network output decreasing during successive training cycles, the portion of the error fed back to the output neurons is decreased accordingly, allowing the network to learn with greater freedom from teacher forcing as the network parameters converge to their optimum values. The invention may also be used to train a neural network with stationary training and target vectors.

Toomarian, Nikzad↗
NASA NTRS1977

Window comparator

A window comparator is described, comprising two operational amplifiers, one with two feedback circuits, each feedback circuit having a diode connected to the amplifier output and poled for forward current conduction of opposite polarity, to provide an algebraic difference between an input signal and a selected set-point voltage. Differential input terminals of the second operational amplifier were connected to the separate feedback circuits of the first operational amplifier, one input terminal to the output of one diode, and the other to the output of the other diode. A selected window-width voltage was connected through a coupling resistor to one of the input terminals of the second operational amplifier to determine when the algebraic difference of the input signal and the setpoint voltage has exceeded a predetermined tolerance after that difference has changed signs.

Black, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

ASDTIC - A feedback control innovation.

The ASDTIC (analog signal to discrete time interval converter) control subsystem provides precise output control of high performance aerospace power supplies. The key to ASDTIC operation is that it stably controls output by sensing output energy change as well as output magnitude. The ASDTIC control subsystem and control module were developed to improve power supply performance during static and dynamic input voltage and output load variations, to reduce output voltage or current regulation due to component variations or aging, to maintain a stable feedback control with variations in the loop gain or loop time constants, and to standardize the feedback control subsystem for power conditioning equipment.

Lalli, V. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

ASDTIC: A feedback control innovation

The ASDTIC (Analog Signal to Discrete Time Interval Converter) control subsystem provides precise output control of high performance aerospace power supplies. The key to ASDTIC operation is that it stably controls output by sensing output energy change as well as output magnitude. The ASDTIC control subsystem and control module were developed to improve power supply performance during static and dynamic input voltage and output load variations, to reduce output voltage or current regulation due to component variations or aging, to maintain a stable feedback control with variations in the loop gain or loop time constants, and to standardize the feedback control subsystem for power conditioning equipment.

Lalli, V. R.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Real-Time Estimation of Bare-Airframe Frequency Responses from Closed-Loop Data and Multisine Inputs

A method is presented for computing frequency responses of multiple-input multiple-output bare-airframe dynamics from flight test data containing feedback control and/or mixing of control effectors. Orthogonal phase-optimized multisines are used to simultaneously excite each input with unique harmonic frequencies, at which frequency responses are computed as ratios of output-to-input Fourier transform data. The confounding effects of feedback and mixing for frequency response estimation are resolved by interpolating the frequency responses among all the harmonic frequencies. The method can be run in batch for post-flight analysis, or in real time as the aircraft is flying. The effectiveness of the method was verified using closed-loop simulations of the subscale NASA T-2 generic transport airplane. The method was also demonstrated using flight test data from the X-56A MUTT aeroelastic airplane, which was flown with feedback control and mixing.

Jared A Grauer↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optical current monitor

An optical current monitor for detecting a current traveling through conductive material. The optical current monitor comprises a light source for emitting light at an output level; a lens configured to receive the light; Faraday material positioned near the conductive material and configured to receive light that has passed through the lens, thereby producing rotated light; a polarizer configured to polarize the rotated light; a photodetector configured to receive the rotated light and output a signal as a function of the rotated light; and a feedback system. The feedback system is configured to receive the signal from the photodetector and modify the output level of the light source based on the signal so that the signal remains at a reference level when the current is not traveling through the conductive material.

Laughlin, Daric Gray↗