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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Omics-driven onboarding of the carotenoid producing red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938

Transcriptomics is a powerful approach for functional genomics and systems biology, yet it can also be used for genetic part discovery. Here, we derive constitutive and light-regulated promoters directly from transcriptomics data of the basidiomycete red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938 (anamorph Phaffia rhodozyma) and use these promoters with other genetic elements to create a modular synthetic biology parts collection for this organism. X. dendrorhous is currently the sole biotechnologically relevant yeast in the Tremellomycete class-it produces large amounts of astaxanthin, especially under oxidative stress and exposure to light. Thus, we performed transcriptomics on X. dendrorhous under different wavelengths of light (red, green, blue, and ultraviolet) and oxidative stress. Differential gene expression analysis (DGE) revealed that terpenoid biosynthesis was primarily upregulated by light through crtI, while oxidative stress upregulated several genes in the pathway. Further gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed a complex survival response to ultraviolet (UV) where X. dendrorhous upregulates aromatic amino acid and tetraterpenoid biosynthesis and downregulates central carbon metabolism and respiration. The DGE data was also used to identify 26 constitutive and regulated genes, and then, putative promoters for each of the 26 genes were derived from the genome. Simultaneously, a modular cloning system for X. dendrorhous was developed, including integration sites, terminators, selection markers, and reporters. Each of the 26 putative promoters were integrated into the genome and characterized by luciferase assay in the dark and under UV light. The putative constitutive promoters were constitutive in the synthetic genetic context, but so were many of the putative regulated promoters. Notably, one putative promoter, derived from a hypothetical gene, showed ninefold activation upon UV exposure. Thus, this study reveals metabolic pathway regulation and develops a genetic parts collection for X. dendrorhous from transcriptomic data. Therefore, this study demonstrates that combining systems biology and synthetic biology into an omics-to-parts workflow can simultaneously provide useful biological insight and genetic tools for nonconventional microbes, particularly those without a related model organism. This approach can enhance current efforts to engineer diverse microbes.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Developing Science-based fueling protocols for 250-bar hydrogen tanks onboard hydrogen ferries: Experiments and modeling

Combined modeling and experimental studies are reported of the fueling of a large (28 kg capacity) 250-bar Type IV hydrogen tank of the type being deployed on early hydrogen ferries, such as the MV Sea Change. The primary goal was to determine how such tanks can be successfully fueled with hydrogen (state of charge greater than 97%) within 45 minutes without exceeding the 82 °C temperature limit for such tanks. The modeling studies show that a gas injector is needed to avoid thermal stratification during hydrogen fueling which can result in potential hot spots. Empirically, precooling of the hydrogen to 0 °C was found to be needed in some of the cases examined, as ambient conditions greatly affected the need for a precooling to achieve the 45-minute fill time desired by end users. The experimental results afforded a calibration of the engineering model SOFIL for these large 250-bar tanks, which now enables using SOFIL to predict volume-averaged hydrogen fueling temperatures to an accuracy of ±2.7°C for these tanks. The model can therefore be used to evaluate potential scenarios for development of a standardized fueling methodology for ferries utilizing large Type-IV tanks.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design and Characterization of the Engineering Model of the Spectrometer Onboard LuSEE‐Night

Abstract The Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Explorer—Night, LuSEE‐Night, is a low‐frequency radio astronomy experiment that will explore the cosmic Dark Ages signal on the radio‐quiet farside of the Moon. The LuSEE‐Night carries a radio frequency spectrometer consisting of a set of antennas, analog and digital processing electronics, and will be launched by NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services in 2025. The spectrometer is designed to observe the spectrum of the radio sky in the 0.5−50 MHz band. The engineering model (EM) of the four‐channel spectrometer has been developed. The EM has been characterized for linearity, gain, noise, and their temperature dependence, confirming that the EM meets all the requirements for LuSEE‐Night. Three mitigation techniques have been implemented and verified to suppress self‐induced electromagnetic interference. The flight model of the spectrometer is currently being developed and is scheduled to be shipped to the integration site in early 2024.

Tamura, Emi↗
DOE OSTI2022

Microbial Tracking-2, a metagenomics analysis of bacteria and fungi onboard the International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique and complex built environment with the ISS surface microbiome originating from crew and cargo or from life support recirculation in an almost entirely closed system. The Microbial Tracking 1 (MT-1) project was the first ISS environmental surface study to report on the metagenome profiles without using whole-genome amplification. The study surveyed the microbial communities from eight surfaces over a 14-month period. The Microbial Tracking 2 (MT-2) project aimed to continue the work of MT-1, sampling an additional four flights from the same locations, over another 14 months. Eight surfaces across the ISS were sampled with sterile wipes and processed upon return to Earth. DNA extracted from the processed samples (and controls) were treated with propidium monoazide (PMA) to detect intact/viable cells or left untreated and to detect the total DNA population (free DNA/compromised cells/intact cells/viable cells). DNA extracted from PMA-treated and untreated samples were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics. Samples were cultured for bacteria and fungi to supplement the above results. Staphylococcus sp. and Malassezia sp. were the most represented bacterial and fungal species, respectively, on the ISS. Overall, the ISS surface microbiome was dominated by organisms associated with the human skin. Multi-dimensional scaling and differential abundance analysis showed significant temporal changes in the microbial population but no spatial differences. The ISS antimicrobial resistance gene profiles were however more stable over time, with no differences over the 5-year span of the MT-1 and MT-2 studies. Twenty-nine antimicrobial resistance genes were detected across all samples, with macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance being the most widespread. Metagenomic assembled genomes were reconstructed from the dataset, resulting in 82 MAGs. Functional assessment of the collective MAGs showed a propensity for amino acid utilization over carbohydrate metabolism. Co-occurrence analyses showed strong associations between bacterial and fungal genera. Culture analysis showed the microbial load to be on average 3.0 × 10 5 cfu/m 2 . Utilizing various metagenomics analyses and culture methods, we provided a comprehensive analysis of the ISS surface microbiome, showing microbial burden, bacterial and fungal species prevalence, changes in the microbiome, and resistome over time and space, as well as the functional capabilities and microbial interactions of this unique built microbiome. Data from this study may help to inform policies for future space missions to ensure an ISS surface microbiome that promotes astronaut health and spacecraft integrity.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Truck Platooning Performance with ADAS and Onboard Camera Data Describing Traffic Interactions

This project was part of the Characterizing Behaviors and Capabilities for Emerging Connected and Automated Vehicle Technologies, Sensors, and Connectivity project. The National Laboratory of the Rockies partnered with Cummins Inc. to collect data from Class 8 tractor trailer combinations in platoon (cooperative adaptive cruise control) operations on public roads in southern Indiana. Data collected include J1939 CAN bus, radar, intervehicle position, and video data. The video data could not be shared in the raw form, so they were processed to extract information on the other vehicles on the road, their relative positions, and intrusion events. This information was then columnized for modeling use and further enhanced by appending road information including road type, speed limit, altitude, and grade. The test route included free-flowing traffic, highway interchanges, and construction zones, as well as low-, medium-, and high-grade sections. Individual test conditions varied by day, with advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) features engaged or disengaged and different combined vehicle masses tested in addition to uncontrolled variables such as weather and traffic interactions.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Onboard Transit Survey - Philadelphia Regional - 2012

The main purpose of the survey was to gather current data on how the transit system was being used in 2010. The survey asked passengers a series of questions about their household characteristics and the trip that they were making on the day of the survey. The survey was conducted in three phases between December 2010 and December 2011. Close to 1.1 million unlinked trips are made on an average weekday on all 140 routes systemwide. The survey results suggest several different populations of users. At the low end of the economic spectrum are passengers who really have no other transit option besides public transit. There is also a group of passengers that appear to be somewhat better off financially. They could be categorized as middle-income households, and many of these passengers may have other options for transportation, but they choose to take public transit because it makes sense for them from a financial or time-savings standpoint. Finally, there may be a smaller group of passengers who may live and work downtown in relatively high-paying positions. These passengers can afford to take a taxi but choose to ride transit because of its convenience.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multispectral and Thermal Imager Onboard Aerial Platforms Instrument Handbook

The MicaSense Altum imager is an off-the-shelf, synchronized multispectral and thermal camera, combined with a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit and downwelling light sensor (DLS). The Altum takes images of the land surface within its field of view (FOV) across five visible bands and one longwave infrared thermal band. The sensor records the radiance and converts it to digital numbers. Imagery is radiometrically corrected, taking into account the sensor calibration, lens distortions, vignette effects, sun angle, and atmospheric effects (scattering and absorption). The photogrammetry software Agisoft PhotoScan v 1.4 is used to align and stitch the images into a larger composite image using the technique of structure from motion image capture to construct a dense cloud and 3D model of the surface, which is used to produce a digital elevation model of the terrain surveyed and orthomosaic imagery. Land surface leaf area index, albedo, and surface skin temperature are provided for the user. The user can perform raster calculations on the imagery to produce various other vegetative indices, which are used to indicate plant health and land surface characteristics, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), surface temperature, and Enhanced_vegetation_index (EVI). This code is provided with the readme file for each data set. The images have a resolution of 20-60 cm/pixel, which are subsampled to 100 cm/pixel.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design and Characterization of the Engineering Model of the Spectrometer Onboard LuSEE-Night

The Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Explorer - Night, LuSEE-Night, is a low-frequency radio astronomy experiment that will explore the cosmic Dark Ages signal on the radio quiet farside of the Moon. The LuSEE-Night carries a radio frequency spectrometer consisting of a set of antennas, analog and digital processing electronics, and will be launched by NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services in 2025. The spectrometer is designed to observe the spectrum of the radio sky in the 0.5−50MHz band. The engineering model (EM) of the four-channel spectrometer has been developed. The EM has been characterized for linearity, gain, noise, and their temperature dependence, confirming that the EM meets all the requirements for LuSEE-Night. Three mitigation techniques have been implemented and verified to suppress self-induced electromagnetic interference (EMI). The flight model of the spectrometer is currently being developed and is scheduled to be shipped to the integration site in early 2024

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Processed Surface Imagery & Raster Imagery taken onboard TigerShark (U3) UAS

Land-surface orthomosaic imagery derived from the images collected using the Micasense Altum Imager on board the UAS TigerShark (U3) on March 11th, 2021 at an altitude of 2000 ft. The Altum takes images of the land surface across five visible bands and one long wave infrared thermal band. The photogrametry software Agisoft PhotoScan v 1.4 is used to align and stitch the images into a larger composet image using the technique of structure from motion image capture to construct a dense cloud and 3-D model of the surface, which is used to produce a digital elevation model of the terraine surveyed and orthomosaic imagery. This dataset contains the raster calculated orthomosaics of various vegetative indicies, which are used to indicate plant health and land surface characteristics, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), surface temperature, and Enhanced_vegetation_index (EVI). These orthomosaics were collected west of the Starkville, MS, airport, and include natural, agricultural, and industrial land coverage. The images have a resolution of 0.2 m/pix.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗