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At least 433 records · Page 24

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NASA NTRS2002

The Overgrid Interface for Computational Simulations on Overset Grids

Computational simulations using overset grids typically involve multiple steps and a variety of software modules. A graphical interface called OVERGRID has been specially designed for such purposes. Data required and created by the different steps include geometry, grids, domain connectivity information and flow solver input parameters. The interface provides a unified environment for the visualization, processing, generation and diagnosis of such data. General modules are available for the manipulation of structured grids and unstructured surface triangulations. Modules more specific for the overset approach include surface curve generators, hyperbolic and algebraic surface grid generators, a hyperbolic volume grid generator, Cartesian box grid generators, and domain connectivity: pre-processing tools. An interface provides automatic selection and viewing of flow solver boundary conditions, and various other flow solver inputs. For problems involving multiple components in relative motion, a module is available to build the component/grid relationships and to prescribe and animate the dynamics of the different components.

Chan, William M.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Towards an Intelligent Planning Knowledge Base Development Environment

ract describes work in developing knowledge base editing and debugging tools for the Multimission VICAR Planner (MVP) system. MVP uses artificial intelligence planning techniques to automatically construct executable complex image processing procedures (using models of the smaller constituent image processing requests made to the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory.

image processing knowledge bases artificial intell↗

NASA NTRS2007

Automated Sequence Generation Process and Software

"Automated sequence generation" (autogen) signifies both a process and software used to automatically generate sequences of commands to operate various spacecraft. The autogen software comprises the autogen script plus the Activity Plan Generator (APGEN) program. APGEN can be used for planning missions and command sequences.

Gladden, Roy↗

NASA NTRS2004

Compact Microscope Imaging System with Intelligent Controls

The figure presents selected views of a compact microscope imaging system (CMIS) that includes a miniature video microscope, a Cartesian robot (a computer- controlled three-dimensional translation stage), and machine-vision and control subsystems. The CMIS was built from commercial off-the-shelf instrumentation, computer hardware and software, and custom machine-vision software. The machine-vision and control subsystems include adaptive neural networks that afford a measure of artificial intelligence. The CMIS can perform several automated tasks with accuracy and repeatability . tasks that, heretofore, have required the full attention of human technicians using relatively bulky conventional microscopes. In addition, the automation and control capabilities of the system inherently include a capability for remote control. Unlike human technicians, the CMIS is not at risk of becoming fatigued or distracted: theoretically, it can perform continuously at the level of the best human technicians. In its capabilities for remote control and for relieving human technicians of tedious routine tasks, the CMIS is expected to be especially useful in biomedical research, materials science, inspection of parts on industrial production lines, and space science. The CMIS can automatically focus on and scan a microscope sample, find areas of interest, record the resulting images, and analyze images from multiple samples simultaneously. Automatic focusing is an iterative process: The translation stage is used to move the microscope along its optical axis in a succession of coarse, medium, and fine steps. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the image is computed at each step, and the FFT is analyzed for its spatial-frequency content. The microscope position that results in the greatest dispersal of FFT content toward high spatial frequencies (indicating that the image shows the greatest amount of detail) is deemed to be the focal position.

McDowell, Mark↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Spectral Mass-Gauging of Propellant Tanks

An overview of our recent results on the development of Spectral Mass-Gauging (SMG) technology for model-free gauging of propellants in microgravity applications will be presented. The technology is based on application a rigorous result from spectral theory – the Weyl’s Law – which relates the counting function of natural modes in a resonator with its volume. Development of the SMG includes theory of acoustic response of propellant tank, hardware and procedure characterization and optimization, development of data pre-processing approaches and software for automatic mode identification and counting. Main accomplishments in each field of the technology development will be presented. SMG has been tested recently in 1-g on a flight tank filled with water or LN2. We will present results of the tests and discuss their implications for the technology development. The presentation will conclude with a summary of the next steps in the technology maturation.

Mass-gauging↗

NASA NTRS1994

Basic principles of flight test instrumentation engineering, volume 1, issue 2

Volume 1 of the AG 300 series on ´Flight Test Instrumentation´ gives a general introduction to the basic principles of flight test instrumentation. The other volumes in the series provide more detailed treatments of selected topics on flight test instrumentation. Volume 1, first published in 1974, has been used extensively as an introduction for instrumentation courses and symposia, as well as being a reference work on the desk of most flight test and instrumentation engineers. It is hoped that this second edition, fully revised, will be used with as much enthusiasm as the first edition. In this edition a flight test system is considered to include both the data collection and data processing systems. In order to obtain an optimal data flow, the overall design of these two subsystems must be carefully matched; the detail development and the operation may have to be done by separate groups of specialists. The main emphasis is on the large automated instrumentation systems used for the initial flight testing of modern military and civil aircraft. This is done because there, many of the problems, which are discussed here, are more critical. It does not imply, however, that smaller systems with manual data processing are no longer used. In general, the systems should be designed to provide the required results at the lowest possible cost. For many tests which require only a few parameters, relatively simple systems are justified, especially if no complex equipment is available to the user. Although many of the aspects discussed in this volume apply to both small and large systems, aspects of the smaller systems are mentioned only when they are of special interest. The volume has been divided into three main parts. Part 1 defines the main starting points for the design of a flight test instrumentation system, as seen from the points of view of the flight test engineer and the instrumentation engineer. In Part 2 the discussion is concentrated on those aspects which apply to each individual measuring channel, and in Part 3 the main emphasis is on the integration of the individual data channels into one data collection system and on those aspects of the data processing which apply to the complete system.

channels (data transmission)↗

NASA NTRS1991

Computations on the massively parallel processor at the Goddard Space Flight Center

Described are four significant algorithms implemented on the massively parallel processor (MPP) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. Two are in the area of image analysis. Of the other two, one is a mathematical simulation experiment and the other deals with the efficient transfer of data between distantly separated processors in the MPP array. The first algorithm presented is the automatic determination of elevations from stereo pairs. The second algorithm solves mathematical logistic equations capable of producing both ordered and chaotic (or random) solutions. This work can potentially lead to the simulation of artificial life processes. The third algorithm is the automatic segmentation of images into reasonable regions based on some similarity criterion, while the fourth is an implementation of a bitonic sort of data which significantly overcomes the nearest neighbor interconnection constraints on the MPP for transferring data between distant processors.

Strong, James P.↗

NASA NTRS2019

Sketch-To-Solution: An Exploration of Viscous CFD with Automatic Grids

Numerical simulation of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations has become a critical tool for the design of aerospace vehicles. However, the issues that affect the grid convergence of three dimensional RANS solutions are not completely understood, as documented in the AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop series. Grid adaption methods have the potential for increasing the automation and discretization error control of RANS solutions to impact the aerospace design and certification process. The realization of the CFD Vision 2030 Study includes automated management of errors and uncertainties of physics-based, predictive modeling that can set the stage for ensuring a vehicle is in compliance with a regulation or specification by using analysis without demonstration in flight test (i.e., certification or qualification by analysis). For example, the Cart3D inviscid analysis package has automated Cartesian cut-cell gridding with output-based error control. Fueled by recent advances in the fields of anisotropic grid adaptation, error estimation, and geometry modeling, a similar work flow is explored for viscous CFD simulations; where a CFD application engineer provides geometry, boundary conditions, and flow parameters, and the sketch-to-solution process yields a CFD simulation through automatic, error-based, grid adaptation.

Kleb, William L.↗

NASA NTRS1978

System of Programmed Modules for Measuring Photographs with a Gamma-Telescope

Physical experiments using tracking cameras resulted in hundreds of thousands of stereo photographs of events being received. To process such a large volume of information, automatic and semiautomatic measuring systems are required. At the Institute of Space Research of the Academy of Science of the USSR, a system for processing film information from the spark gamma-telescope was developed. The system is based on a BPS-75 projector in line with the minicomputer Elektronika 1001. The report describes this system. The various computer programs available to the operators are discussed.

Averin, S. A.↗

NASA NTRS2013

Mission Operations Center (MOC) - Precipitation Processing System (PPS) Interface Software System (MPISS)

MPISS is an automatic file transfer system that implements a combination of standard and mission-unique transfer protocols required by the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) Precipitation Processing System (PPS) to control the flow of data between the MOC and the PPS. The primary features of MPISS are file transfers (both with and without PPS specific protocols), logging of file transfer and system events to local files and a standard messaging bus, short term storage of data files to facilitate retransmissions, and generation of file transfer accounting reports. The system includes a graphical user interface (GUI) to control the system, allow manual operations, and to display events in real time. The PPS specific protocols are an enhanced version of those that were developed for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). All file transfers between the MOC and the PPS use the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). For reports and data files generated within the MOC, no additional protocols are used when transferring files to the PPS. For observatory data files, an additional handshaking protocol of data notices and data receipts is used. MPISS generates and sends to the PPS data notices containing data start and stop times along with a checksum for the file for each observatory data file transmitted. MPISS retrieves the PPS generated data receipts that indicate the success or failure of the PPS to ingest the data file and/or notice. MPISS retransmits the appropriate files as indicated in the receipt when required. MPISS also automatically retrieves files from the PPS. The unique feature of this software is the use of both standard and PPS specific protocols in parallel. The advantage of this capability is that it supports users that require the PPS protocol as well as those that do not require it. The system is highly configurable to accommodate the needs of future users.

Ferrara, Jeffrey↗

NASA NTRS2011

TAMU: A New Space Mission Operations Paradigm

The Transferable, Adaptable, Modular and Upgradeable (TAMU) Flight Production Process (FPP) is a model-centric System of System (SoS) framework which cuts across multiple organizations and their associated facilities, that are, in the most general case, in geographically diverse locations, to develop the architecture and associated workflow processes for a broad range of mission operations. Further, TAMU FPP envisions the simulation, automatic execution and re-planning of orchestrated workflow processes as they become operational. This paper provides the vision for the TAMU FPP paradigm. This includes a complete, coherent technique, process and tool set that result in an infrastructure that can be used for full lifecycle design and decision making during any flight production process. A flight production process is the process of developing all products that are necessary for flight.

Meshkat, Leila↗

NASA NTRS2011

TAMU: a new space mission operations paradigm

Meshkat, Leila↗

NASA NTRS2007

Robotic Vision-Based Localization in an Urban Environment

A system of electronic hardware and software, now undergoing development, automatically estimates the location of a robotic land vehicle in an urban environment using a somewhat imprecise map, which has been generated in advance from aerial imagery. This system does not utilize the Global Positioning System and does not include any odometry, inertial measurement units, or any other sensors except a stereoscopic pair of black-and-white digital video cameras mounted on the vehicle. Of course, the system also includes a computer running software that processes the video image data. The software consists mostly of three components corresponding to the three major image-data-processing functions: Visual Odometry This component automatically tracks point features in the imagery and computes the relative motion of the cameras between sequential image frames. This component incorporates a modified version of a visual-odometry algorithm originally published in 1989. The algorithm selects point features, performs multiresolution area-correlation computations to match the features in stereoscopic images, tracks the features through the sequence of images, and uses the tracking results to estimate the six-degree-of-freedom motion of the camera between consecutive stereoscopic pairs of images (see figure). Urban Feature Detection and Ranging Using the same data as those processed by the visual-odometry component, this component strives to determine the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of vertical and horizontal lines that are likely to be parts of, or close to, the exterior surfaces of buildings. The basic sequence of processes performed by this component is the following: 1. An edge-detection algorithm is applied, yielding a set of linked lists of edge pixels, a horizontal-gradient image, and a vertical-gradient image. 2. Straight-line segments of edges are extracted from the linked lists generated in step 1. Any straight-line segments longer than an arbitrary threshold (e.g., 30 pixels) are assumed to belong to buildings or other artificial objects. 3. A gradient-filter algorithm is used to test straight-line segments longer than the threshold to determine whether they represent edges of natural or artificial objects. In somewhat oversimplified terms, the test is based on the assumption that the gradient of image intensity varies little along a segment that represents the edge of an artificial object.

Mchenry, Michael↗

NASA NTRS1994

Stroop-Like Effects for Monkeys and Humans: Processing Speed or Strength of Association?

Stroop-like effects have been found using a variety of paradigms and subject groups. In the present investigation, 6 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and 28 humans exhibited Stroop-like interference and facilitation in a relative-numerousness task. Monkeys, like humans, processed the meanings of the numerical symbols automatically, despite the fact that these meanings were irrelevant to task performance. These data also afforded direct comparison of interpretations of the Stroop effect in terms of processing speed versus association strength. These findings were consistent with parallel-processing models of Stroop-like interference proposed elsewhere, but not with processing-speed accounts posited frequently to explain the effect.

Washburn, David A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Monitoring Lignin Content in Paper Processing

Feedstock and finished pulp analyzed and controlled automatically. System acquires samples from feed hopper, digestor, and blow tank. Sample homogenized, washed, and dried while conveyed to flash pyrolyzer. In pyrolyzer material converted into basic constituent, mostly compounds of molecular weight less than 200.

Boettger, H. G.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Prototype Furnace for Automatic Production of Silicon Ribbon

Single-crystal material grown under precise control. New furnace permits sustained growth of single-crystal silicon ribbon by dendritic-web growth process. Furnace brings together mechanisms necessary for continuous automatic operation.

Duncan, C. S.↗

NASA NTRS2013

Closed-Loop Process Control for Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication and Deposition Processes

A closed-loop control method for an electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF(sup 3)) process includes detecting a feature of interest during the process using a sensor(s), continuously evaluating the feature of interest to determine, in real time, a change occurring therein, and automatically modifying control parameters to control the EBF(sup 3) process. An apparatus provides closed-loop control method of the process, and includes an electron gun for generating an electron beam, a wire feeder for feeding a wire toward a substrate, wherein the wire is melted and progressively deposited in layers onto the substrate, a sensor(s), and a host machine. The sensor(s) measure the feature of interest during the process, and the host machine continuously evaluates the feature of interest to determine, in real time, a change occurring therein. The host machine automatically modifies control parameters to the EBF(sup 3) apparatus to control the EBF(sup 3) process in a closed-loop manner.

Taminger, Karen M.↗

NASA NTRS1969

Coherent optical data processing and remotely sensed imagery

It is shown that an automatic imaging system consisting of a combination of optical and digital computer elements is feasible and has considerable advantages over direct image scanning systems. With such a system, it is possible to process very large quantities of remotely sensed image spectra.

Macdougall, E. B.↗