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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Counting Calories: Light Yield Studies for ADRIANO Calorimeter Prototype

To estimate the light yield for ADRIANO prototype, we must calibrate the light sensors as well as collect data from beams of known properties. Future experiments searching for new physics require special calorimetric techniques to detect new particles. ADRIANO2(A Dual Readout Integrally Active Non-segmented Option) is one such technique. Several prototypes have been tested at Mtest Facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the last few years. This work consisting of new and more refined analysis of the data taken with the intent of improving the understanding of this calorimeter.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Microfabricated Ion Traps on Sapphire for Larger Trap Areas and Higher Qubit Count

Surface ion traps are a promising platform for quantum computing due to their potential to store large numbers of ions that can be addressed by electrical and optical control signals in order to implement quantum algorithms. Increasing the power of the quantum computer requires increasing the number of ions, but this poses a significant challenge in that it leads to a non-linear increase in on-chip power dissipation. The primary contributor to this power scaling in current devices is the capacitance between the radio frequency (RF) electrode and the metal plane that shields the silicon substrate from the RF signals applied to it. Silicon has traditionally been chosen for the substrate material for compatibility with the processing required for multi-metal-level traps. In this work, we address these capacitance and fabrication challenges by replacing the commonly used silicon substrate with an insulating sapphire substrate to fabricate a multi-metal-level ion trap, while still employing common semiconductor manufacturing techniques. This change in substrate allows the design to remove the metal shielding from the device design, reducing the capacitance of the RF electrode. The electrical characteristics of these traps were measured, specifically trap impedance, capacitance, and voltage breakdown, and compared to nearly identical silicon trap devices. Finally, we used laser cutting techniques to shape a sapphire wafer into bowtie shapes matching silicon traps previously fabricated at Sandia National Labs to explore solutions for integrating sapphire substrates into non-rectangular ion trap designs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Examining Microalgae Growth with Respect to Cell Count and Salinity

In recent years, microalgae have been identified as potential source of biofuel due to their ability to grow abundantly in little time. As photosynthetic organisms, microalgae only need water, light, micronutrients, and carbon dioxide to yield algal biomass. Several applications for this biomass are being studied, such as the extraction of biofuel (Zhang et al. 2022) as well as wastewater treatment (Rude et al. 2022). Two specific microalgae species have been identified as uniquely prolific: Picochlorum celeri, a saltwater species, and Chlorella sorokiniana 1116, a freshwater species. Both species showcased survival in less-than-ideal conditions and showcased hardiness in their respective waters (Krishnan et al. 2021), making them popular specimen to be studied for a variety of applications. This project involved two components, the first component focusing on the development of a growth curve for P. celeri and the second studying varying salt concentration in both species.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ratio of 1,275 and 186 keV Gamma Ray Count Rates for Age Determination of Material in UF 6 Cylinders

In this work, a method for using ratios of passive gamma ray measurements to determine the time since the filling of UF 6 cylinders was explored. This method uses the 186 keV gamma ray emitted by 235 U and the 1,275 keV gamma ray that results from interactions of alpha particles in fluorine. Studies were made using MCNP models of both 30B cylinders and smaller 5A cylinders. Results indicate that for enrichments at or above that of natural uranium, this approach may provide a method for determining age up to 10 years or identifying whether the age is greater than 10 years, even if the uranium enrichment is unknown. The calculated results show the same behavior as the results of a recent measurement campaign, indicating the possibility of using this method for real-world cylinders.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Extrapolation of the Rainflow-Counted Load Ranges for Fatigue Assessment of the Wind Turbine's Blades

Wind turbine design standards recommend the use of statistical modeling coupled with extrapolation of the short-term load data to long-term periods for fatigue reliability assessment. However, statistical error and computational expense can limit the accuracy of such approaches. In the case of wind turbine blades, the errors are more significant because of the high material fatigue exponent that makes the damage estimations more sensitive to variations. In addition, due to different excitation sources, the flapwise load range histogram is not unimodal, and thus its statistical modeling is complex. In the present work, we provide three methods for statistical modeling of the flapwise bending moment ranges including a novel approach based on frequency-based separation of the modes. The first two methods are simplified approaches for modeling the most crucial load ranges using unimodal distributions and the third method involves multimodal distribution fitting. The research is based on 3600 10-minute aeroelastic simulations of DTU 10MW case study wind turbine from which a benchmark damage equivalent load (DEL) is calculated. The DEL calculated by each of the three proposed methods is compared to this reference. The results show that the conventional approach based on using 6 seeds as well as using mixture models fitted on the limited data lead to under-conservative results with errors up to 23%. On the other hand, the simplified unimodal approaches provided in this work can provide conservative estimations of the fatigue damage with mean values 5% and 12% higher than the benchmark. However, the variability of the DEL estimates is higher when using unimodal extrapolation of the load ranges, and the data can be conservative by 17.5%. The proposed unimodal fits suggested for modeling and extrapolation of the blade's load ranges provide less errors relatively and most importantly conservative DEL estimations while maintaining computational efficiency.

blade fatigue↗
DOE OSTI2026

Soil viral production count, respiration, and amplicon data

This study aimed to quantify rates of viral production in aridisol soil under conditions as close to natural field soil as possible given the perturbations necessary to manipulate viral abundances. Viruses were removed from soil, then added back to virus-depleted soil to control the initial viral abundances at either 100% (field_abund) or 10% (reduced_abund) of measured field viral abundance to generate treatments with field-relevant and reduced viral infection pressure, respectively. Replicates of batch incubation jars were harvested every 8 hours for 48 hours to enumerate bacteria and viruses by microscopy (n=5) and profile bacterial community composition by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (n=3).

Zimmerman, Amy [Pacific Northwest National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2026

Dwarf Galaxy Number Counts within 25 Mpc: Predictions from Local Group Analogs in TNG50

The modern generation of wide-field galaxy surveys, such as LSST, Euclid, and Roman, will enable studies of dwarf galaxies (10 6 ≤ M * /M ⊙ ≤ 10 9 ) beyond the Local Group (LG) in unprecedented detail. Improved theoretical understanding of this population is necessary to guide these observations, since predictions in this regime are generally limited to specific environments like the LG. We present predictions for the population of dwarf galaxies from the TNG50 run of the IllustrisTNG suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, focusing on the environments within 1 < D/Mpc < 25 of LG analogs at z = 0. In the simulated sample, there are ∼1000 and ∼12,000 dwarf galaxies within 10 and 25 Mpc, respectively. We compare our results with the 50 Mpc Galaxy Catalog and estimate that current observations are highly incomplete at low masses: for 10 6 ≤ M * /M ⊙ ≤ 10 7 (−13 ≲ M r ≲ −10), we find completeness fractions of ∼23% within 10 Mpc and ∼4% within 25 Mpc. The simulated galaxies below the completeness limits of the observations exist in a range of environments, with notable populations of field dwarfs at all distances and satellites around centrals with masses 10 8 ≲ M * /M ⊙ ≲ 10 11 within 10–25 Mpc. We find that there are ∼8 times more quiescent dwarf galaxies in the TNG50 sample than are currently cataloged. Our results suggest that upcoming observations should uncover a substantial population of dwarf galaxies, and that ≳15% of these will be red, currently quenched galaxies in the field.

Shread, Evangela E. [California Institute of Techn↗
DOE OSTI2023

Counting abelian squares efficiently for a problem in quantum computing

Here, I describe how the number of abelian squares of given length relates to a certain problem in theoretical quantum computing, and I present a recursive formula for calculating the number of abelian squares of length t+t over an alphabet of size d. The presented formula is similar to previously known formula but has substantially lower complexity for large d, a key improvement resulting in a practical solution to the original application.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fluorescent Particle Vertical Profiles (Counts and Fractions) at SAIL

This dataset contains vertically resolved fluorescent aerosol number concentrations and fluorescent fractions of total aerosol number concentrations measured with the ARM Tethered Balloon System during the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory campaign near Gothic, Colorado. Measurements were collected during April and June 2023 as part of the ARM–EMSL FICUS project “Characterization of the Aerobiome during the ARM Surface-Atmosphere Integrated Laboratory Campaign,” which was designed to characterize the vertical distribution of bioaerosol-relevant particles in the Colorado River Basin. The dataset includes profiles of fluorescent particle concentrations measured with a Fluorescent Portable Optical Particle Sizer (FPOPS) in the approximately 0.5–3 µm diameter range. For fluorescent fractions of total aerosol number concentrations, we compare FPOPS measurements to POPS on the same TBS flight.

Fluorescent particle concentration↗