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Results for “Metallization process”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1980

Tribological properties of silicon carbide in metal removal process

Material properties are considered as they relate to adhesion, friction, and wear of single crystal silicon carbide in contact with metals and alloys that are likely to be involved in a metal removal process such as grinding. Metal removal from adhesion between sliding surfaces in contact and metal removal as a result of the silicon carbide sliding against a metal, indenting into it, and plowing a series of grooves or furrows are discussed. Fracture and deformation characteristics of the silicon carbide surface are also covered. The adhesion, friction, and metal transfer to silicon carbide is related to the relative chemical activity of the metals. The more active the metal, the higher the adhesion and friction, and the greater the metal transfer to silicon carbide. Atomic size and content of alloying elements play a dominant role in controlling adhesion, friction, and abrasive wear properties of alloys. The friction and abrasive wear (metal removal) decrease linearly as the shear strength of the bulk metal increases. They decrease as the solute to solvent atomic radius ratio increases or decreases linearly from unity, and with an increase of solute content. The surface fracture of silicon carbide is due to cleavages of 0001, 10(-1)0, and/or 11(-2)0 planes.

Miyoshi, K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Thermochemical water decomposition processes

Thermochemical processes which lead to the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water without the consumption of any other material have a number of advantages when compared to other processes such as water electrolysis. It is possible to operate a sequence of chemical steps with net work requirements equal to zero at temperatures well below the temperature required for water dissociation in a single step. Various types of procedures are discussed, giving attention to halide processes, reverse Deacon processes, iron oxide and carbon oxide processes, and metal and alkali metal processes. Economical questions are also considered.

Chao, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Advanced Manufacturing at the Marshall Space Flight Center and Application to Ares I and Ares V Launch Vehicles

There are various aspects of advanced manufacturing technology development at the field centers of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has been given the assignment to lead the National Center for Advanced Manufacturing (NCAM) at MSFC and pursue advanced development and coordination with other federal agencies for NASA. There are significant activities at the Marshall Center as well as at the Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) in New Orleans which we operate in conjunction with the University of New Orleans. New manufacturing processes in metals processing, component development, welding operations, composite manufacturing and thermal protection system material and process development will be utilized in the manufacturing of the United States two new launch vehicles, the Ares I and the Ares V. An overview of NCAM will be presented as well as some of the development activities and manufacturing that are ongoing in Ares Upper Stage development. Some of the tools and equipment produced by Italian owned companies and their application in this work will be mentioned.

Carruth, Ralph↗
NASA NTRS2026

Hybrid Modeling Study on Grain Evolution in the Metal Welding Process and Its Potential Lunar Application

Metal is most commonly used structural material in a wide range of spacecraft, and welding is the principal method for joining metal components into functional systems. However, conducting welding experiments under extreme environments—such as microgravity or vacuum conditions in space—is prohibitively expensive and experimentally challenging. To overcome these limitations, multi-physics computational welding models provide a cost-effective and versatile alternative. In this work, the authors have developed a coupled thermal (fluid) microstructure simulation framework to model metal welding under varying gravity conditions. The framework integrates a mixed-mode heat transfer formulation (conduction, convection, and radiation) with molten pool fluid dynamics, enabling accurate prediction of temperature fields and weld-pool geometry. A grain growth model is further incorporated to capture the spatial and temporal evolution of microstructure, including grain size distribution and morphological transitions during solidification. This approach provides detailed insight into molten pool evolution and grain-level microstructure development throughout the welding process. By explicitly parameterizing environmental conditions, the model supports extrapolation to off-Earth manufacturing scenarios such as welding on the lunar surface. Tantalum—chosen in this study due to its high melting point, oxidation resistance, and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures—serves as the material system for model demonstration. Beyond Tantalum, the integrated multi-physics framework offers broad applicability for predictive welding simulations of various structural and refractory metals or alloys used in extreme terrestrial or extraterrestrial environments.

kinetic Monte Carlo (SPPARKS)↗
NASA NTRS1992

Processes for metal extraction

This report describes the processing of plutonium at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and operation illustrating concepts that may be applicable to the processing of lunar materials. The toxic nature of plutonium requires a highly closed system for processing lunar surface materials.

Bowersox, David F.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Processing of metal and oxygen from lunar deposits

On the moon, some whole rocks may be ores for abundant elements, such as oxygen, but beneficiation will be important if metallic elements are sought from raw lunar dirt. In the extraction process, a beneficiated metallic ore, such as an oxide, sulfide, carbonate, or silicate mineral, is converted to reduced metal. A variety of plausible processing technologies, which includes recovery of meteoritic iron, and processing of lunar ilmenite, are described in this report.

Acton, Constance F.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Metal Contact Processing Experiments Towards Realizing 500 °C Durable RF 4H-SiC BJTs

This paper presents results from metal contact processing experiments towards the implementationof durable 500 deg.C high-frequency 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Specifically, p-type ohmic contacts have been demonstrated on a 0.25 μm-thick p-type homoepitaxial layer of doping 8 x 1018± 4 x 1018cm-3. Finally, preliminary current-voltage characteristics of fabricated BJTs are presented.

RF SiC↗
NASA NTRS2023

Metal Contact Processing Experiments Towards Realizing 500 °C Durable RF 4H-SiC BJTs

This paper presents results from metal contact processing experiments towards the implementation of durable 500 °C high-frequency 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) . Specifically, p -type ohmic contacts have been demonstrated on a 0.25 μm-thick p -type homoepitaxial layer of doping 8 x 10 18 ± 4 x 10 18 cm -3 . Preliminary current-voltage characteristics of fabricated BJTs are presented.

4H-SiC BJT↗
NASA NTRS1972

The weld-brazing metal joining process

Superior mechanical properties were obtained in metal joints weld-brazed between faying surfaces. Weld-braze applications and advantages are listed.

Bales, T. T.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Thermoplasticity of metallic glasses: Processing and applications

Owing to their extremely low shear viscosity and fragility, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are envisioned as new net-shaping material replacing conventionally used crystalline metals for various applications. The first part of this review describes the general technique and kinetics of thermoplastic forming. The second part elaborates on the thermal processing capability of metallic glasses from atomic- to meter-scale. The micro-/nano-structure obtained after various quenching rates followed by temperature, time and heating rate dependent thermoplastic forming is described in the third section. The deformation behavior and flow kinetics of BMGs in terms of composition, mold features, and applied conditions are elaborated in the fourth section. The variation of volume and enthalpy at the supercooled liquid region, strength retention of metallic glasses compared to other conventional metals and alloys, and kinetics of liquid fragility are given in the fifth section. Finite element modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of high-temperature deformation in BMGs are presented in the sixth part. Finally, thermally-formed BMGs used for different applications, including energy, biomedical and micro-optics, are presented in the final part. Altogether, this review provides an overview of shaping capabilities and modifications in the macro-scale properties and short-to-medium range order of BMGs upon thermoplastic forming.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electromagnetic levitation containerless processing of metallic materials in microgravity: rapid solidification

Space levitation processing allows researchers to conduct benchmark tests in an effort to understand the physical phenomena involved in rapid solidification processing, including alloy thermodynamics, nucleation and growth, heat and mass transfer, solid/liquid interface dynamics, macro- and microstructural evolution, and defect formation. Supported by ground-based investigations, a major thrust is to develop and refine robust computational tools based on theoretical and applied approaches. This work is accomplished in conjunction with experiments designed for precise model validation with application to a broad range of industrial processes.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2012

Carbon Nanotube Bonding Strength Enhancement Using Metal "Wicking" Process

Carbon nanotubes grown from a surface typically have poor bonding strength at the interface. A process has been developed for adding a metal coat to the surface of carbon nano tubes (CNTs) through a wicking process, which could lead to an enhanced bonding strength at the interface. This process involves merging CNTs with indium as a bump-bonding enhancement. Classical capillary theory would not normally allow materials that do not wet carbon or graphite to be drawn into the spacings by capillary action because the contact angle is greater than 90 degrees. However, capillary action can be induced through JPL's ability to fabricate oriented CNT bundles to desired spacings, and through the use of deposition techniques and temperature to control the size and mobility of the liquid metal streams and associated reservoirs. A reflow and plasma cleaning process has also been developed and demonstrated to remove indium oxide, and to obtain smooth coatings on the CNT bundles.

Lamb, James L.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Vapor-Processing of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films and Solar Cells

Metal-halide perovskites are an emerging material for next generation high efficiency solar cells. In this presentation, we review our work in processing metal-halide perovskites via a dry, carrier-gas assisted vapor deposition method, and its ability to be useful for the formation of all-perovskite heterojunctions. We also outline recent work demonstrating the viability of this method for the deposition of lead-based perovskites via co-deposition.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wire directed energy deposition of steel-aluminum structures using cold metal transfer process

In this study, a sharp transition from 316L stainless steel to 4043 aluminum alloy was fabricated using wire directed energy deposition (DED) via the cold metal transfer (CMT) process. The CMT process with its inherently low heat input, led to a significant reduction in intermetallic thickness at the bi-metallic interface compared to blown powder DED technique reported in the literature resulting in superior properties when compared to those of dissimilar steel-aluminum welds. Thermo-kinetic modeling confirmed that the intermetallic formation is through a classical nucleation and growth mechanism, and the fraction and thickness can be controlled by adjusting CMT process parameters to kinetically arrest or minimize the intermetallic formation. These findings underscore the efficacy of CMT-based wire DED for fabrication of steel-aluminum bi-metallic structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Computational Materials for Qualification and Certification of Process-Intensive Metallic Materials (CM4QC)

NASA and the FAA established the Computational Materials (CM) for Qualification and Certification (Q&C) steering group comprised of representatives from industry, government regulatory and research organizations, and academia with the following goals: - Inform the research and development investments made by U.S. industry and the U.S. government toward maturation of CM-based approaches for Qualification and Certification (Q&C) of process intensive metallic materials (PIM) including additive manufacturing. - Identify key considerations and enablers required to increase airworthiness / certifying authorities’ acceptance of CM methods use for Q&C of structural or flight-critical parts produced with PIM technologies. - Identify key CM technology gaps and maturation paths (in the context of Q&C applications). - Increase dialogue among stakeholder organizations. This presentation will summarize the technology and regulatory considerations that motivate this national effort, discuss progress and provide a summary and status of a multi-year roadmap that is being developed to guide technology development in this important area.

Computational Materials↗
NASA NTRS1999

Microgravity Studies Offer Insights into Solidification Phenomena and Processing of Metals and Alloys

The paper reviews historical aspects of solidification processing and the detrimental attributes associated with gravity-driven flow phenomena. Benefits of and avenues toward conducting experiments in a microgravity environment are presented and illustrated with relevant examples. Finally, some comments regarding the role of microgravity experimentation are given.

Grugel, Richard N.↗