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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2025

Generic Discretization Library

The GenDiL library is a collection of C++ software abstractions designed to discretize and solve partial differential equations (PDEs) for high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Its primary focus is on modern C++ generic programming, which helps ensure portability across various hardware architectures. The central idea behind the library is to provide building blocks for numerical algorithms-such as discretization methods and iteration patterns-so that domain experts can focus on the math, rather than the low-level details of hardware or implementation. By defining abstractions for data types, iteration over computational grids, and scheduling of operations, the library isolates the high-level PDE algorithms from the platform-specific optimizations needed to achieve efficient performance.

Dudouit, Yohann [Lawrence Livermore National Labor↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fusion Energy Research at Idaho National Laboratory: Experimentation and Simulation to Support Safety and Rapid Technology Development

Research into fusion energy is growing rapidly, responding to a call for sustainable sources of energy to replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change. Within the United States, at least, researchers are also responding to the “Bold Decadal Vision” proposed by the White House, seeking to have a commercially relevant fusion pilot plant deployed within a decade. Before this can become a reality, many Fusion Science & Technology (FS&T) gaps remain. For over 45 years, Idaho National Laboratory has been at the forefront of addressing these FS&T gaps in the context of fusion safety and technology via the operation of world-leading experimental facilities within the Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) Facility. Here, INL focuses on the tritium fuel cycle, conceptual system design studies, risk assessment, waste management, and materials safety. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) has also been a component of this portfolio of research, but, early on, focused on individual systems. Since 2019, active development and research on integrated whole device modeling tools based on the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework has been undertaken. This has culminated in a MOOSE-based version of the Tritium Migration and Analysis Program (TMAP), an INL code historically focused on tritium permeation and trapping within fusion systems. More recently, INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds have been used to create the Fusion ENergy Integrated multiphys-X (FENIX) code focused on scrape-off layer plasma physics and the first wall of a magnetically confined fusion device. This talk will focus on an overview of INL activities in the FS&T research area, with a particular focus on recent M&S activities and results.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

A Data Analysis Center for Electromagnetic and Hadronic Interaction. Products of the DAC members

The Data Analysis Center (DAC) of the Center for Nuclear Studies (CNS) at the George Washington University (GW) has made significant progress in its program to enhance and expand the partial-wave (and multipole) analyses of fundamental two- and three-body reactions (such as pion-nucleon, photon-nucleon, and nucleon-nucleon scattering) by maintaining and augmenting the analysis codes and databases associated with these reactions. These efforts provide guidance to experimental groups at the international level, forming an important link between theory and experiment. A renaissance in light hadron spectroscopy is underway as a continuous stream of polarization data issues from existing precision electromagnetic facilities and the coming Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade. Our principal goals have been focused on supporting the national N* resonance physics program. We have also continued to study topics more generally related to the problems associated with partial-wave analysis. On the Experimental side of the CNS DAC. Its primary goal is the enhancement of the body of data necessary for our analyses of fundamental γ - N reactions. We perform experiments that study the dynamics responsible for the internal structure of the nucleon and its excitations. Our principal focus is on the N* programs at JLab and MAMI. At JLab we study spin-polarization observables using polarized photons, protons and neutrons and yielding charged final states. Similarly at MAMI we study neutral meson photoproduction off polarized protons and neutrons. We use the Crystal Ball and TAPS spectrometers (CBT) to detect photons and neutrons to measure the photoproduction of π0, η, 2π0, π0η, and K0 off the neutron. The CBT program complements our program at JLab, which studies reactions resulting in charged final states. We are also involved in a renewed effort to make neutral pion photoproduction measurements close to threshold at Mainz. In addition to the programs underway, we are contributing to the future by participation in preparations for the coming JLab 12 GeV Upgrade. GW students are involved in tests of the detectors proposed to be used with CLAS12, i.e., for the CentralTime-of-Flight Barrel (CTOF). WJB is heavily involved in the MUSE quest at PSI to solve the Proton Radius Puzzle.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

High Performance Flow Battery with Inexpensive Inorganic Reactants: DAYS Program (Final Technical Report)

RTRC’s DAYS projects focused on new flow battery (FB) chemistries for long duration energy storage: one that pairs aqueous polysulfide and manganese active materials in strongly alkaline electrolytes (S/Mn); another explores ligand-modified metal (LMM) chemistries in moderate pH electrolyte conditions. The S/Mn chemistry met durability targets by running for over 500 cycles and 1000 hours. Combined with this durability, power densities of up to 60 mW/cm2 at 80% round-trip efficiency, and exceptionally low-cost S and Mn active materials, the S/Mn FB offers a pathway to meeting the <5¢/kW-hr levelized cost of storage (LCOS) target first proposed by the DAYS Program and accepted by the DOE Energy Storage Grand Challenge. The LMM chemistry made impressive progress as well, including durability tests that retained performance over 600 hours of cycling. Cell optimization allowed this chemistry to operate as high as 500 mW/cm2 at 80% round-trip efficiency, nearly 10x the power density of S/Mn and comparable to the power density achieved in RTRC’s flow battery stacks using acidic vanadium battery solutions. This enabled the LMM chemistry to also offer a pathway to the <5¢/kW-hr LCOS DAYS and DOE targets. The promising results from the LMM chemistry have led to a recent DOE AMO award to advance the technology to a 5 kW, 20 kW-hr prototype.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2015

A Data Analysis Center for Electromagnetic and Hadronic Interaction

The GW Data Analysis Center (DAC) has made significant progress in its program to enhance and expand the partial-wave and multipole analyses of fundamental reactions, while maintaining and expanding each associated database. These efforts provide guidance to national and international experimental and theoretical efforts, and are an important link between theory and experiment. Our principal goals are focused on baryon and meson physics programs and related topics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Lessons from Artist in Residence Program Design and Impact

As a national laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) seeks to be on the leading edge of public interest research and deliver innovation, a core value of the institution. Through the support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Water Power Technologies Office, PNNL has convened a workshop entitled Advancing Energy Futures through Art in Seattle, Washington, on August 19th and 20th, 2024. An explicit focus on Artist in Residence (AiR) programs initiates the discussion, as this is one of the few clear places where public interest research, artistic engagement, and energy futures have aligned. The workshop proposes to hear from program managers of successful AiR programs, scientists, and artists who work in the energy futures space, to discuss AiR program models and successful modalities for art and storytelling. This paper is provided as background context for workshop participants.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Herbaceous Feedstock 2020 (State of Technology Report)

The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 required a minimum supply of 36 million gallons of renewable fuels per year by 2022. In order to achieve these goals, the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) has set cost and technology targets for producing advanced and cellulosic biofuels. One of the targets is to validate feedstock supply infrastructures and systems with 90% overall operating effectiveness and field-to-reactor throat delivered cost less than $85.51/dry ton (2016). As stated by the 2017 Multi-Year Program Plan (DOE 2017), the research and development focus of the Feedstock Technologies (FT) platform is reducing the cost, improving the supply chain logistic efficiency, improving biomass quality, and increasing the supply volume. In addition, BETO oversees annual State of Technology (SOT) report that assesses current technologies that are relevant to BETO’s targets based on actual data and experimental results. Feedstocks are essential to achieving BETO goals because the cost, quality, and quantity of feedstock available and accessible at any given time limit the maximum volume of biofuels that can be produced. In accordance with the 2016 Multi-Year Program Plan (DOE 2016a), FT focuses on (1) reducing the delivered cost of sustainably produced biomass, (2) preserving and improving the physical and chemical quality parameters of harvested biomass to meet the individual needs of biorefineries and other biomass users, and (3) expanding the quantity of feedstock materials accessible to the bioenergy industry. This is done by identifying, developing, demonstrating, and validating efficient and economical integrated systems for harvest and collection, storage, handling, transport, and preprocessing raw biomass from a variety of crops to reliably deliver the required supplies of high-quality, affordable feedstocks to biorefineries as the industry expands. The elements of cost, quality, and quantity are key considerations when developing advanced feedstock supply concepts and systems (DOE 2016a).

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Carbon Management with Advanced Materials: An Assessment of Experimental and Computational Capabilities at the University of California-Riverside

The major goals of this project were to conduct an R&D scoping study and self-assessment to evaluate how the current capabilities, expertise, personnel, and facilities/equipment of UC Riverside (UCR) align with Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) objectives. This scoping study particularly focused on the Materials Science & Engineering program since it encompasses faculty from nearly all the engineering and science departments in UCR with expertise in experimental and computational areas of potential interest to FECM. In addition, this assessment identified gaps in capabilities and provided a discussion on what would enable UCR to be better prepared for potential future competitive solicitations focused on FECM-supported technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Germany-US Nuclear Theory Exchange Program for QCD Studies of Hadrons & Nuclei 'GAUSTEQ'

GAUSTEQ was a Germany-U.S. exchange program in nuclear theory whose purpose was to focus research efforts on QCD studies of hadrons and nuclei, centered around the current and future research programs of Jefferson Lab and the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Germany. GAUSTEQ provided travel support for theoretical physicists at US institutions conducting collaborative research with physicists in Germany. GSI (with its Darmstadt and Helmholtz Institute Mainz braches) served as the German “hub” for visits of U.S. physicists, while Jefferson Lab served as the corresponding “hub” for visits of German physicists visiting U.S. institutions through the reciprocal GUSTEHP (German-US Theory Exchange in Hadron Physics) program. GAUSTEQ was funded by the Office of Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No.DE-SC0006758 and officially managed through Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. The program ran between 2011 and 2015.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

INL and Environmental Justice

INL and Environmental Justice PPT presentation. INL’s objectives are to create a lab wide culture that supports environmental justice efforts. INL will create programs and projects that exemplify the lab’s commitment to environmental and energy justice, in the following focus areas: • Integrate environmental justice into INL’s program planning to create opportunities to positively impact underserved and under resourced communities • Create internal awareness programs • Create external awareness programs • Highlight flagship projects that demonstrate INL’s environmental justice efforts

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Integrating Mindfulness with Human Performance in High Complexity Environments - 19498

This paper includes a survey of both scientific and technical literature studies of mindfulness interventions in a variety of industries and populations and proposes potential applications in complex nuclear waste operations. Mindfulness training techniques have been utilized in various forms for decades in high consequence work in both public and private enterprise. The traditional safety nomenclature has simply used different words to describe many of the same concepts that mindfulness practice addresses. Historically, human performance improvement (HPI) has focused on task, mission and error-likely conditions. These safety programs recognize that human behavior is the source of most errors and focus on identification of specific error precursors (mind not on task, incorrect mental picture, etc.). Workers in nuclear and related industries have been trained to recognize these error precursors but have received little training on what to do about them. The techniques of mindfulness align well with HPI programs currently utilized in commercial and government nuclear operations. Indeed, Chapter 5 of the Department of Energy Human Performance Improvement Handbook (DOE-HDBK-1028-2009) includes a discussion of mindfulness with respect to human performance. Mindfulness training supplements current performance improvement efforts by giving workers the tools to not just recognize error-likely conditions within themselves, but also gives them methods to mitigate them. The mindfulness practices presented here focus on self-awareness rather than task-awareness. Workers can apply these techniques in all aspects of their lives which in turn addresses many of the distractions previously identified as error precursors (stress at home or at work, physical discomforts, mind not on task, etc.). The application of mindfulness techniques through integration with established Integrated Safety Management Systems (ISMS) has the potential to improve the safe performance of nuclear waste operations and increase the breadth of organizational safety culture. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Eco-Bio-Social Factors That Modulate Aedes aegypti Abundance in South Texas Border Communities

Aedes aegypti control requires dedicated resources that are usually scarce, limiting the reach and sustainability of vector control programs. This generates a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission and also understand the factors that might modulate local mosquito abundance. We evaluated the eco-bio-social factors that modulate indoor and outdoor relative abundance of female Ae. aegypti in communities of South Texas. We conducted housing quality and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices surveys in households that were part of a weekly mosquito surveillance program in November of 2017 and 2018. Our results showed widespread knowledge of mosquitoes and Zika virus by our participants. However, less than 35% considered them as serious problems in this region. The presence of window-mounted air conditioning units increased the risk of female mosquito relative abundance indoors. An increase in outdoor relative abundance was associated with larger properties and a higher number of children between 6 to 17 years of age. Interestingly, we observed that an increasing number of children <5 years of age modulated both indoor and outdoor relative abundance, with a 52% increase indoors and 30% decrease outdoors. The low perception of mosquito and disease risk highlights engagement needs for vector-borne disease prevention in this region. The identified risk factors can help guide public health officials in their efforts to reduce human and vector contact.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

TH-EF-BRC-04: Quality Management Program

This Hands-on Workshop will be focused on providing participants with experience with the principal tools of TG 100 and hence start to build both competence and confidence in the use of risk-based quality management techniques. The three principal tools forming the basis of TG 100’s risk analysis: Process mapping, Failure-Modes and Effects Analysis and fault-tree analysis will be introduced with a 5 minute refresher presentation and each presentation will be followed by a 30 minute small group exercise. An exercise on developing QM from the risk analysis follows. During the exercise periods, participants will apply the principles in 2 different clinical scenarios. At the conclusion of each exercise there will be ample time for participants to discuss with each other and the faculty their experience and any challenges encountered. Learning Objectives: To review the principles of Process Mapping, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis. To gain familiarity with these three techniques in a small group setting. To share and discuss experiences with the three techniques with faculty and participants. Director, TreatSafely, LLC. Director, Center for the Assessment of Radiological Sciences. Occasional Consultant to the IAEA and Varian.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

2018 Technology Innovation Program Heartbeat

Heartbeat responds to this problem by focusing instead on the physical behavior of the device being protected, under the hypothesis that malware infection will produce a measurable change in the power consumption state of a device that can be picked up by an outside detector. All code execution uses power, so the execution of malware—especially polymorphic variants—will leave a trace on a power consumption record. The Heartbeat system collects power trace measurements directly from the hardware and so is invisible to malware and resilient to internet service interruption. By collecting power measurement data only during the periodic invocation of a single or of several system functions, Heartbeat will address several challenges that plague current anomaly-based intrusion detection systems and is operational-context agnostic.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Foreword: Special issue on the U.S. Department of Energy Microreactor Program

This is a foreword for a sponsored Nuclear Technology Special Issue that is focused on the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Microreactor Program and associated research and development (R&D) activities. Led by Idaho National Laboratory (INL), the DOE-NE Microreactor Program is one of four, national advanced reactor campaigns under the Advanced Reactor Technologies umbrella in the Office of Nuclear Reactor Deployment. The other three national advanced reactor campaigns are focused on Molten Salt, High Temperature Gas, and Fast reactor concepts providing a robust portfolio of national laboratory and university expertise and R&D infrastructure in support of enabling and accelerating commercial deployment of advanced reactor (generally non-light water cooled) concepts.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Structured Light-Matter Interactions Enabled By Novel Photonic Materials

The synergy of complex materials and complex light is expected to add a new dimension to the science of light and its applications [1]. The goal of this program is to investigate novel phenomena emerging at the interface of these two branches of modern optics. While metamaterials research was largely focused on relatively “simple” linearly or circularly polarized light propagation in “complex” nanostructured, carefully designed materials with properties not found in nature, many singular optics studies addressed “complex” structured light transmission in “simple” homogeneous, isotropic, nondispersive transparent media, where both spin and orbital angular momentum are independently conserved. However, if both light and medium are complex so that structured light interacts with a metamaterial whose optical materials properties can be designed at will, the spin or angular momentum can change, which leads to spin-orbit interaction and many novel optical phenomena that will be studied in the proposed project. Indeed, metamaterials enable unprecedented control over light propagation, opening new avenues for using spin and quantum optical phenomena, and design flexibility facilitating new linear and nonlinear optical properties and functionalities, including negative index of refraction, magnetism at optical frequencies, giant optical activity, subwavelength imaging, cloaking, dispersion engineering, and unique phase-matching conditions for nonlinear optical interactions. In this research program we focused on structured light-matter interactions in complex media with three particularly remarkable properties that were enabled only with the emergence of metamaterials: extreme anisotropy, extreme material parameters, and magneto-electric coupling–bi-anisotropy and chirality.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Business Models for Scaling Demand Flexibility Volume III – Stakeholder ecosystem management challenges, and lessons learned from U.S. programs

Load growth at the grid edge is driving increased attention to the distribution system and its ability to enable customer technology adoption in an affordable and timely manner. Key industry stakeholders, including electric utilities and regulators, can benefit from strategies to manage and balance customer needs with infrastructure investments, such as demand flexibility. This report focuses on demand flexibility—the ability to reduce, shift, shed, generate, or modulate loads in response to building and grid needs—to reduce the need for costly grid upgrades by deferring investment needs and increase system reliability by shifting electricity usage during periods of high risk. Specifically, we focus on the emerging characteristics of business models for demand flexibility as a framework to understand how demand flexibility programs generate value. In this report, we focus on demand flexibility program stakeholder ecosystem management strategies, which provide information on value delivery and describe how program implementers leverage partner capabilities and collaborate to deliver customer and grid benefits. This report discusses the role of stakeholder ecosystem management in demand flexibility programs, identifies existing challenges to effective stakeholder management, and describes lessons learned. This report is part of a series that includes reports on value propositions, customer relationship management strategies, and program life cycle.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Scaling Energy Efficient Retrofits for Small Commercial Apartment Buildings

With support from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), the International Center for Appropriate and Sustainable Technology (ICAST) recently completed a three-year cooperative agreement to scale energy efficiency retrofits (EER) on small multifamily (MF) buildings. ICAST EER strategies ranged from low-hanging “direct install” of measures such as LED lighting, low-flow showerheads and aerators, and smart thermostats to major strategies such as HVAC replacement with high-efficiency boilers or heat pumps. As feasible, some projects also included the addition of renewable energy sources such as photo voltaic (PV) solar. When ICAST began the BTO project, it operated in two states and oversaw EER at approximately 80 MF buildings per year. With assistance from BTO, ICAST has grown significantly and now has staff in six states with MF EER projects in another seven, and performed EER on 956 MF buildings. ). ICAST was able to successfully execute this project by 1) Improving viability and efficiency of its processes, 2) Launching two new services and 3) Creating an affiliate program. For the most part, ICAST focused on a specific type of MF property: naturally occurring affordable housing (NOAH), because it is a significantly underserved market within the hard-to-serve MF market. NOAHs are typically smaller properties (5 to 64 units), owned by small organizations or individual investors looking for positive cash flow. ICAST believes the NOAH market can be successfully served with a one-stop-shop approach that makes it easy, hassle-free, and cost-effective for owners to acquire green upgrades for their property(ies). With the assistance of BTO funding, ICAST successfully used the cited EER methods and strategies to scale-up its OSS approach to service a greater number of MF housing and expand into new geographies. Additionally, support from BTO helped ICAST create self-sustaining programs which will not need to rely on on-going funding.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗