Fabrication of Si/Si(sub 1-x)Ge(sub x)O(sub 2) Heterojunctions by Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Stain Etching
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We have observed MyCn18, a young Planetary Nebulae with HST/WFPC2 and presented the observational results in an earlier paper. Here we present a detailed spatial/kinematical model of H alpha emission from the nebula.
We report on the use of patterned ferroelectric films to fabricate proof of concept tunable one-pole microstrip filters with excellent transmission and mismatch/reflection properties at frequencies up to 24 GHz. By controlling the electric field distribution within the coupling region between the resonator and input/output lines, sufficiently high loaded and unloaded Q values are maintained so as to be useful for microstrip filter design, with low mismatch loss. In the 23 - 24 GHz region, the filter was tunable over a 100 MHz range, the loaded and unloaded Q values were 29 and 68, respectively, and the reflection losses were below -16 dB, which demonstrates the suitability of these films for practical microwave applications.
Disclosed herein is a textured substrate comprising a base comprising silicon, the base having a plurality of needle like structures depending away from the base, wherein at least one of the needle like structures has a depth of greater than or equal to about 50 micrometers determined perpendicular to the base, and wherein at least one of the needle like structures has a width of less than or equal to about 50 micrometers determined parallel to the base. An anode and a lithium ion battery comprising the textured substrate, and a method of producing the textured substrate are also disclosed.
Standard FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene resin) polyimide (SFP) or Kapton film heaters—which have a long history of space flight—are output-power limited by the melting point of Teflon which is used as an adhesive and insulator between the encasing layers of Kapton. The limit is expressed as a power density or through maximum operating temperature limits. All-polyimide (AP) heaters (also known as adhesive-less heaters) do not contain FEP Teflon between the layers of Kapton so the heaters are unconstrained by the melting point of Teflon. Thus, AP heaters have a higher maximum power density and operating temperature. AP heaters have not been qualified or flown on JPL missions but could be useful in applications that require a higher power density (Watt density) than the SFP heaters can support. The purpose of this paper is to document the qualification and property testing of the AP heaters for flight purposes. JPL (Jet Propulsion Lab.) tested several varieties of all-polyimide heaters to determine their functional equivalence to the standard heater which has substantial flight heritage and to determine their maximum limits. Tests included standard in-air burn-in tests, maximum power testing, lead pull strength, process qualification verification (PQV), long duration thermal cycling, and electro-magnetic compatibility shielding properties for copper-cladded shielded heaters. The results show that the all-polyimide heater appears to be functionally equivalent to the standard heater and has a higher Watt density and maximum operating temperature limit. The tests, test articles, failure analysis of the test articles, and results are described herein. These test results indicate that the all-polyimide heater is ready for flight applications.
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The Stardust mission captured thousands of particles from Jupiter-family comet 81P/Wild 2 using aluminum foil and silica aerogel collection media [1]. Most studies of Wild 2 material examine refractory terminal particles >1 μm in diameter which are extracted individually from the ends of tracks produced by the particle’s impact into the aerogel medium. A substantial (>65 %) mass fraction of the impactors is present as fine-grained (i.e. <1 μm) material in the ‘bulb’ and walls of the tracks, which may contain preserved organic material and presolar grains [2]. Few presolar grains have been identified in Stardust samples, which has been interpreted as owing to destruction upon impact into the foils and preferential sampling of terminal particles rather than a lack of presolar grains in Wild 2 samples [3-5]. By isolating the fine-grained material from these bulbs and performing microbeam and isotopic analyses (i.e., scanning electron microscopy and NanoSIMS), organic matter and presolar grains can be identified and constraints can be placed on the constituents of primitive outer solar system materials.
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This invention relates to methods of generating NP gallium nitride (GaN) across large areas (>1 cm.sup.2) with controlled pore diameters, pore density, and porosity. Also disclosed are methods of generating novel optoelectronic devices based on porous GaN. Additionally a layer transfer scheme to separate and create free-standing crystalline GaN thin layers is disclosed that enables a new device manufacturing paradigm involving substrate recycling. Other disclosed embodiments of this invention relate to fabrication of GaN based nanocrystals and the use of NP GaN electrodes for electrolysis, water splitting, or photosynthetic process applications.
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