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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4

FTLADS: Object-Logging Based Fault-Tolerant Big Data Transfer System Using Layout Aware Data Scheduling

The layout-aware data scheduling (LADS) data movement framework optimizes congestion for end-to-end data transfers. During data transfer, LADS can avoid congested storage elements by exploiting the underlying storage layout at each endpoint. This improves the I/O bandwidth and hence the data transfer rate across high-speed networks. However, the absence of fault tolerance (FT) in LADS results in data retransmission overhead and may lead to possible data integrity issues upon faults. In this paper, we propose object-logging FT mechanisms to avoid transmitting the objects that are successfully written into the parallel file system (PFS) at the sink end. Depending on the number of log files created for the whole dataset, we have classified our FT mechanisms into three different categories: file logger, transaction logger, and universal logger. Also, to address the space overhead, we have proposed different methods of populating the log files with the information of the successfully transferred objects. We have evaluated the data transfer performance and recovery time overhead of the proposed object-logging-based FT mechanisms on the LADS data transfer framework. Our experimental results reflect that FT mechanisms exhibit negligible overhead (<; 1%) with respect to the data transfer time. Yet, the fault recovery time is 10% higher than the total data transfer time at any fault point.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Improving Property Graph Layouts by Leveraging Attribute Similarity for Structurally Equivalent Nodes

Many real-world networks contain structurally-equivalent nodes. These are defined as vertices that share the same set of neighboring nodes, making them interchangeable with a traditional graph layout approach. However, many real-world graphs also have properties associated with nodes, adding additional meaning to them. We present an approach for swapping locations of structurally-equivalent nodes in graph layout so that those with more similar properties have closer proximity to each other. This improves the usefulness of the visualization from an attribute perspective without negatively impacting the visualization from a structural perspective. We include an algorithm for finding these sets of nodes in linear time, as well as methodologies for ordering nodes based on their attribute similarity, which works for scalar, ordinal, multidimensional, and categorical data.

graph drawing, network visualization, property gra↗

HALOS (Heliostat Aimpoint and Layout Optimization Software) [SWR-21-41]

Heliostat Aimpoint and Layout Optimization Software (HALOS) is an open-source software package that allows users to explore solar field layout optimization, aimpoint strategy optimization, and performance characterization of concentrating solar power tower plants. Users interface with the tool through python, and results are reported in time series tables, plots, runtime logs, and flat-file outputs. Users choose from a list of variables such as tower height, receiver capacity, flux limits, design-point irradiance, etc., and specify information about the system using a small collection of flat files. The software can then optimize the specified variables (e.g., aimpoints for each heliostat) to maximize the thermal energy delivered to the receiver while adhering to flux limits. HALOS is implemented to be flexible with respect to flux characterization methods, but includes a direct connection to NREL's SolarPILOT™ software via its python API so that users can utilize high-fidelity flux simulation methods that have already been developed.

Zolan, Alexander↗

FC-PLACER (Fuel Cell Plant Layout and Cost Estimation Resource) [SWR-26-027]

The Fuel Cell Plant Layout and Cost Estimation Resource (FC-PLACER) is a tool to perform a footprint and cost analysis for hydrogen fuel cell based power plants. This analysis tool provides a comprehensive design and cost assessment for a 100-MW stationary PEM fuel cell power plant, utilizing specifications from commercially available PEM fuel cell modules originally designed for heavy-duty vehicle applications. Additionally, the tool offers flexibility, enabling adaptation to various capacity requirements or plant configurations and facilitating the evaluation of system layout and overnight costs. In particular, it includes a detailed accounting of balance of plant material and labor costs and enables a precise estimate of plant spatial footprint.

Reznicek, Evan [National Laboratory of the Rockies↗

Estimating National-Scale Wind Potential Using Spatially Explicit Turbine Layout Optimization

National renewable energy potential assessments play a broad and critical role in analysis of the clean energy transition by providing foundational estimates of developable clean resources. Common to all past wind potential assessments is an assumption that wraps the complexity of wind plant layout (arrangement of turbines) into a single metric known as capacity density, or rated power capacity per unit of land area. Quite often, a singular capacity density or rotor-diameter driven capacity density is used in wind potential assessments across broad geographies despite the complexities of local drivers. Here, we present a new wind technical potential assessment for the United States, leveraging a spatial optimization approach in lieu of the traditional uniform capacity density. The optimization approach is a spatially explicit method for determining the potential locations of individual wind turbines-taking into account the turbine configuration, plant economics and losses, wind resource, and siting considerations. Our approach accounts for the interactions between wind technology design, wind plant layout, and the vast array of regulatory, land use and infrastructure conflicts with wind development. Our results highlight the potential ability of larger turbines to enable increased wind capacity, up to a point, and increased generation when siting turbines in and around spatial constraints; moreover, they demonstrate and capture the LCOE benefit of relatively lower capacity densities and reduced wake losses when land is relatively abundant. These insights provide foundational knowledge for the wind sector as it develops and pursues future turbine models and as wind energy markets expand in zero-carbon futures. Further, when applied in capacity expansion models, supply curves developed by these methods can provide detailed local insights about where wind turbines might be deployed in and among known siting constraints for those regions where wind energy is determined to be economic, providing critical nuance to local decision-makers and stakeholders.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

P2P: Point Cloud to Panel Layout Optimization

Building envelope retrofits, despite their benefits on enhancing energy efficiency, progress slowly due to high operating costs. Overclad panelized systems present an attractive solution to make retrofits affordable and easy to install. However, several stages of the retrofit process remain disconnected, suboptimal, and require significant human intervention. This study aims to bridge the gap between digital twin generation and overclad panel installation by automating the design of an optimal panel layout directly from a building envelope point cloud. In this end-to-end approach, the dimensional twin is generated by segmenting the facade point cloud. The facade then undergoes a three-step process to generate an optimized panel layout for integration with automated placement systems.

Philips, Nisha Deborah [ORNL]↗

Simulation of the Multi-Wake Evolution of Two Sandia National Labs/National Rotor Testbed Turbines Operating in a Tandem Layout

The future of wind power systems deployment is in the form of wind farms comprised of scores of such large turbines, most likely at offshore locations. Individual turbines have grown in span from a few tens of meters to today’s large turbines with rotor diameters that dwarf even the largest commercial aircraft. These massive dynamical systems present unique challenges at scales unparalleled in prior applications of wind science research. Fundamental to this effort is the understanding of the wind turbine wake and its evolution. Furthermore, the optimization of the entire wind farm depends on the evolution of the wakes of different turbines and their interactions within the wind farm. In this article, we use the capabilities of the Common ODE Framework (CODEF) model for the analysis of the effects of wake–rotor and wake-to-wake interactions between two turbines situated in a tandem layout fully and partially aligned with the incoming wind. These experiments were conducted in the context of a research project supported by the National Rotor Testbed (NRT) program of Sandia National Labs (SNL). Results are presented for a layout which emulates the turbine interspace and relative turbine emplacement found at SNL’s Scaled Wind Technologies Facility (SWiFT), located in Lubbock, Texas. The evolution of the twin-wake interaction generates a very rich series of secondary transitions in the vortex structure of the combined wake. These ultimately affect the wake’s axial velocity patterns, altering the position, number, intensity, and shape of localized velocity-deficit zones in the wake’s cross-section. This complex distribution of axial velocity patterns has the capacity to substantially affect the power output, peak loads, fatigue damage, and aeroelastic stability of turbines located in subsequent rows downstream on the farm.

Baruah, Apurva (ORCID:0000000252354068)↗

Optimization of wind plant layouts using an adjoint approach

Abstract. Using adjoint optimization and three-dimensional steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, we present a new gradient-based approach for optimally siting wind turbines within utility-scale wind plants. By solving the adjoint equations of the flow model, the gradients needed for optimization are found at a cost that is independent of the number of control variables, thereby permitting optimization of large wind plants with many turbine locations. Moreover, compared to the common approach of superimposing prescribed wake deficits onto linearized flow models, the computational efficiency of the adjoint approach allows the use of higher-fidelity RANS flow models which can capture nonlinear turbulent flow physics within a wind plant. The steady-state RANS flow model is implemented in the Python finite-element package FEniCS and the derivation and solution of the discrete adjoint equations are automated within the dolfin-adjoint framework. Gradient-based optimization of wind turbine locations is demonstrated for idealized test cases that reveal new optimization heuristics such as rotational symmetry, local speedups, and nonlinear wake curvature effects. Layout optimization is also demonstrated on more complex wind rose shapes, including a full annual energy production (AEP) layout optimization over 36 inflow directions and 5 wind speed bins.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

Operator Station Design System - A computer aided design approach to work station layout

The Operator Station Design System is resident in NASA's Johnson Space Center Spacecraft Design Division Performance Laboratory. It includes stand-alone minicomputer hardware and Panel Layout Automated Interactive Design and Crew Station Assessment of Reach software. The data base consists of the Shuttle Transportation System Orbiter Crew Compartment (in part), the Orbiter payload bay and remote manipulator (in part), and various anthropometric populations. The system is utilized to provide panel layouts, assess reach and vision, determine interference and fit problems early in the design phase, study design applications as a function of anthropometric and mission requirements, and to accomplish conceptual design to support advanced study efforts.

Lewis, J. L.↗

User's manual for large-scale integrated circuit layout check program

A computer program is described that checks for the correctness of chip design layout generated by the Banning Placement Routing Folding program (PRF) by verifying agreement between a specified circuit design and a corresponding computer generated circuit layout as stored on the Artwork (PRF output) tape. An example computer run is included.

Source record↗

The effect of concentrator field layout on the performance of point-focus distributed receiver systems

The effect of concentrator field layout on the technical-economic performance of a point-focusing distributed receiver (PFDR) solar thermal power plant is presented. The plant design is based on the small community prototype system currently under development for JPL/DOE; parabolic dish concentrators are employed, and small heat engines are used to generate electricity at each dish. The effect of field size, array proportions, dish-to-dish spacing and packing fraction (concentrator-land area ratio) are presented for typical PFDR layouts. Economic analyses are carried out to determine optimum packing fraction as a function of site cost.

Pons, R. L.↗

Typography and layout of technical reports - Survey of current practices

As part of a review of the NASA Langley Research Center scientific and technical information program, 50 technical reports from industry, research institutions, and government agencies were systematically examined and analyzed to determine current usage and practice in regard to (1) typography, including composition method, type style, type size, and margin treatment; (2) graphic design, including layout and imposition of material on the page; and (3) physical media, including paper, ink, and binding methods. The results indicate that approximately 50 percent of the reports were typeset, 70 percent used Roman (serif) type, 80 percent used 10- or 11-point type for text, 60 percent used a ragged right-hand margin, slightly more than half used paragraph indentation, 75 percent used a single-column layout, 65 percent had one or more figures or tables placed perpendicular to (not aligned with) the text, and perfect binding was the most frequently used binding method.

Pinelli, T. E.↗

Analysis of crew functions as an aid in Space Station interior layout

The Space Station must be designed to facilitate all of the functions that its crew will perform, both on-duty and off-duty, as efficiently and comfortably as possible. This paper examines the functions to be performed by the Space Station crew in order to make inferences about the design of an interior layout that optimizes crew productivity. Twenty-seven crew functions were defined, as well as five criteria for assessing relationships among all pairs of those functions. Hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling techniques were used to visually summarize the relationships. A key result was the identification of two dimensions for describing the configuration of crew functions: 'Private-Public' and 'Group-Individual'. Seven specific recommendations for Space Station interior layout were derived from the analyses.

Steinberg, A. L.↗

DSS 13 phase 2 pedestal room microwave layout

The design and predicted performance is described of the microwave layout for three band operation of the beam waveguide antenna Deep Space Station 13. Three pedestal room microwave candidate layout designs were produced for simultaneous X/S and X/Ka band operation. One of the three designs was chosen based on given constraints, and for this design the microwave performance was estimated.

Cwik, T.↗

Layout optimization using the homogenization method

A generalized layout problem involving sizing, shape, and topology optimization is solved by using the homogenization method for three-dimensional linearly elastic shell structures in order to seek a possibility of establishment of an integrated design system of automotive car bodies, as an extension of the previous work by Bendsoe and Kikuchi. A formulation of a three-dimensional homogenized shell, a solution algorithm, and several examples of computing the optimum layout are presented in this first part of the two articles.

Suzuki, Katsuyuki↗

Layout and cabling considerations for a large communications antenna array

Layout considerations for a large deep space communications antenna array are discussed. A fractal geometry for the antenna layout is described that provides optimal packing of antenna elements, efficient cable routing, and logical division of the array into identical sub-arrays.

Logan, R. T., Jr.↗

Layout Of Antennas And Cables In A Large Array

Layout devised to minimize total land area occupied by large phased array of antennas and to minimize total length of cables in array. In original intended application, array expanded version of array of paraboloidal-dish microwave communication antennas of Deep Space Network. Layout also advantageous for other phased arrays of antennas and antenna elements, including notably printed-circuit microwave antenna arrays.

Logan, Ronald T., Jr.↗