Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “interconnect”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Options for Upgrading Low-Voltage Spot Network Protection to Increase DER Interconnection Capacity

Existing standards and policies for interconnecting distributed energy resources (DERs) into low voltage spot networks severely limits the amount of DER installed on those networks to avoid negative impacts on protection systems. This report investigates options for upgrading the protection systems of spot networks to allow for additional DER installations beyond the normal limits (i.e., no reverse power flows allowed onto the MV system). Eight potential upgrade options are discussed that span various methods for new network protector algorithms, hardware upgrades, and the addition of communication. Each method has tradeoffs in terms of accuracy of detecting faults, requirements to upgrade equipment in the spot networks, need for communication, and sensitivity to false trips—all of which are explored in this report.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of Regional Interconnections to Meet Southeast Asia's Renewable Energy Targets: Phase I of the Singapore – U.S. Collaboration

This report summarizes the results of a study of long-distance subsea electrical interconnections in Southeast Asia, conducted under the first phase of the Singapore-U.S. collaboration under the Net Zero World Initiative. In Phase 1, the Net Zero World team evaluated the current state of the renewable energy landscape in Southeast Asia; developed an open-source capacity expansion model using GridPath and evaluated several future scenarios including changes in interregional transmission; explored the technical feasibility of regional subsea interconnectors; and estimated socio-economic benefits of expanded regional transmission.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of Fine-Pitch Interconnects for Long-Lifetime HI Applications

This conference talk discusses optimizing gold-gold and gold-ENIG fine-pitch interconnections for Heterogeneous Integration applications, with a focus on longevity. We first look at electrical data from gold-gold bumps subjected to highly accelerated lifetime testing. Then, we discuss using chemical and physical data as a predictor for ENIG bump flip-chip success.

Humphrey, Nicholas James [Sandia National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental Validation of a Modular All-Electric Power Take-Off Topology for Wave Energy Converter Enabling Marine Renewable Energy Interconnection

Power electronic converters are an enabling technology for the emerging marine energy applications, such as using ocean waves to produce electricity. This paper outlines the power take-off system and its key components used in a wave energy converter offering modularity and scalability to generate power efficiently. The proposed power take-off system was implemented based on a modular multilevel converter and could be deployed to convert any alternating current electrical energy to a different alternating current for interconnection to grid or non-grid applications. Examples of widespread deployment are supplying electricity to coastal communities or producing clean drinking water. The analysis using both the simulation tests and laboratory experiments verified the design objectives and basic functionality of the developed power take-off system. An acceptable response using a field programmable gate array-based controlled laboratory testbench was achieved, complying with guidelines specified in the prevalent industry standards. Seamless operation during steady-state and transients for the studied wave energy converter was achieved as supported by the obtained results. The key findings of this work were experimentally examined under different load conditions, direct current bus voltage fluctuations, and generator speed–torque regulation. The ability of the power take-off system to generate high-power quality of the waveforms, e.g., against adhering to the IEEE 519-2022 standard for total harmonic distortion limits, is also confirmed.

Engineering↗
DOE OSTI2025

Flexible Grid Interconnections

Key Considerations: - Long-term coordination and collaboration with utilities and ISOs may provide mutual benefits and support flexible interconnectivity. - Onsite storage and energy production can reduce load fluctuations and support grid resilience in the future. - Geography and resource availability can impact energy demand and grid flexibility.

29 - ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Residential and Small Commercial Solar Photovoltaic and Storage Permitting, Inspection, and Interconnection Timelines: A Retrospective Review (2017-2023)

This report is part of the ongoing Solar Time-Based Residential Analytics and Cycle Time Estimator (SolarTRACE) project, led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The SolarTRACE project utilizes time-stamped project-level data provided by installer-partners to assess nationwide and AHJ- and utility-level PI&I and other solar PV adoption timelines since 2017. Our dataset now covers 22% of residential solar and 33% of residential storage installs in the U.S. since 2017. This report provides an update to our previous 2022 report (Cruce et al., 2022b) and includes: updated 2017 2023 project timelines for residential rooftop solar PV up to 20kW; updated tracking of permitting process changes at nearly 4,000 AHJs nationwide; and first-ever reporting of timelines for residential PV+storage projects up to 20kW.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Interconnection of Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions and Cloud Feedback Through Warm Rain Process

Recent research has revealed a correlation within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations: models exhibiting more pronounced warming due to positive cloud feedback simultaneously show enhanced cooling from aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI). However, the interplay between ACI and cloud feedback is not well understood in these models. Our study addresses this gap by modifying the autoconversion rate in two Earth system models (ESMs), elucidating how ACI could connect with cloud feedback through the warm rain process. We find that higher autoconversion rates, which are associated with stronger ACI, suppress the increase in cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud optical depth with warming by enhancing the precipitation efficiency over the extratropical regions, leading to a larger positive cloud feedback. This study offers new insights into the compensatory mechanism between ACI and cloud feedback through the warm rain process and highlights the importance of constraining the autoconversion parameterization in models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Interconnected nanoconfining pore networks enhance catalyst CO 2 interaction in electrified reactive capture

Systems that sequentially capture and upgrade CO 2 from air to fuels/fuel-intermediates, such as syngas and ethylene, rely on an energy-intensive CO 2 release process. Electrified reactive capture systems transform CO 2 obtained directly from carbonate capture liquid into products. Previous reactive capture systems show a decline in Faradaic efficiencies (FE) at current densities above 200 mA/cm 2 . Here we show the chemical origins of this problem, finding that prior electrocatalyst designs failed to arrest, activate, and reduce in situ-generated CO 2 (i-CO 2 ) before it traversed the catalyst layer and entered the tailgas stream. We develop a templated synthesis to define pore structures and the sites of Ni single atoms, and find that carbon-nitrogen-based nanopores are effective in accumulating i-CO 2 via short-range, non-electrostatic interactions between CO 2 molecules and the nanochannel walls. These interactions confine and enrich i-CO 2 within the pores, enhancing its binding and activation. We report as a result carbonate electrolysis at 300 mA/cm 2 with FE to CO of 50% ± 3%, and with <1% CO 2 in the tailgas outlet stream. This corresponds to a projected energy efficiency (EE) to 2:1 syngas of 46% at 300 mA/cm 2 when H 2 is added using a water electrolyzer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Feeding state-dependent neuropeptidergic modulation of reciprocally interconnected inhibitory neurons biases sensorimotor decisions in Drosophila

Abstract An animal’s feeding state changes its behavioral priorities and thus influences even nonfeeding-related decisions. How the feeding state information is transmitted to nonfeeding-related circuits and what circuit mechanisms are involved in biasing nonfeeding-related decisions remain open questions. By combining calcium imaging, neuronal manipulations, behavioral analysis and computational modeling, we determined that the competition between different aversive responses to mechanical cues is biased by changes in the feeding state. We found that this effect is achieved by the differential modulation of two different types of reciprocally connected inhibitory neurons promoting opposing actions. This modulation results in a more frequent active type of response and, less frequently, a protective type of response if larvae are fed sugar than when they are fed a balanced diet. Information about the internal state is conveyed to inhibitory neurons through homologs of the vertebrate neuropeptide Y, which is known to be involved in regulating feeding behavior.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Automation for Grid Interconnected Laboratory Emulation

As computational capabilities improve, digital twins are becoming vital for evaluating equipment realistically in laboratories. This paper outlines a digital twin architecture for the power grid, employing electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation alongside real-time simulation of power hardware and hierarchical control systems. EMT simulation occurs on a high-performance computing server for scalability. Additionally, the paper describes a workflow and real-time data streaming software facilitating connectivity among EMT simulation, hierarchical control systems, and power hardware. This software enables automated equipment connectivity in the laboratory for realistic evaluations, aiding in identifying necessary upgrades for both equipment control systems and the power grid.

Marthi, Phani Ratna Vanamali [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000↗
DOE OSTI2024

Towards the Flexibility of HVDC-Interconnected Systems: A Novel Emergency Freqeuncy Response Model

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-time scale emergency frequency response model by unlocking the flexibility of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems. Unlike assigning power ramping rates for FACTS to regulate frequency in traditional methods, this paper designs a step-change electromagnetic power frequency response (EPFR) scheme, by leveraging the temporal over/under DC voltage capability of HVDC. Wherein the Kullback-Leibler Divergence is adopted to convexify the modified swing equation after integrating the step-change power. Further, to avoid the complicated differential equations, we equivalently reformulate the duration limits of DC voltage deviation into the HVDC decreasing power ramping rates, which participate in the system primary frequency response. Finally, the new steady-state operation level of HVDC is involved with the secondary frequency response. As a result, an improved three-level algorithm is developed to solve the model, wherein the instant step-change, primary, and secondary frequency response are coordinated together. After applying the proposed frequency response scheme on the test system, the EPFR is validated to effectively provide the most instantaneous supports when faced with bulk power loss due to extreme contingencies, and the resilience is ensured within acceptable expenditures.

Jiang, Sufan↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Electric Grid, Distributed Generation, and Grid Interconnection

This fact sheet is part of the Community Planning for Solar toolkit designed to help Massachusetts municipalities and others proactively plan for solar development in their communities. This fact sheet will walk you through the electricity system, and help you understand how the grid is changing as distributed generation (DG) electricity sources become more common.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗