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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Immobilization of Uranium in a Wetland 8-km Downstream from an Industrial Source (Report)

A three-day walk-over survey with portable gamma detecting equipment was conducted over a uranium-contaminated wetland located 8-km downstream from a former fuel fabrication facility. 97,000 spectra were collected, individually processed to extract uranium activity data, and then integrated with topographical information (LIDAR) to create maps. These maps reveal that 50 years after being released into the environment, 11% of the uranium is retained in the 9-ha wetland area. Combined with measurement collected closer to the source, it was determined that 94% of the released uranium is presently being held in downstream wetlands. This demonstrates that wetlands can be very effective at immobilizing contaminants for long durations. The survey also showed that previous flyover maps overestimated the size of the contaminated areas by 140% but had the advantage of being completed in orders-of-magnitude fewer labor hours. Depending on project needs, the walk-over technique may be useful to include in tandem with flyover measurements to acquire maps with greater sensitivity and spatial resolution.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Advanced User Interface Capabilities [Slides]

This tutorial will review the data plotting and geometry visualization capabilities in the Fulcrum user interface. This tutorial will help you become familiar with Fulcrum’s 2D plot, and 2D and 3D geometry visualization features. You will learn how to identify plottable data items, compose and export plot and plot data for SCALE plot formats (SDF, Ampx MG/CE, PLT, F71, PTP, SPF, ORIGEN Gamma data, etc.) and visualize, navigate, cut, hide, and export the geometry and spatial data (fission-, dose-map, etc.) overlays in 2D and 3D. No prior experience with SCALE is required. Attendees can follow along using 6.3.0-beta.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterization of Rare-Earth Elements in Lignite Coal of the Williston Basin: Past Efforts and Ongoing Work

Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been a subject area of high interest for their unique properties. REEs are crucial materials used in an incredible array of consumer goods, energy system components, and military defense applications. While the United States has one operating REE mine, the product is sent overseas for refining into usable metals making the United States 100% import-reliant on these critical materials. This has led the Federal Government to declare the REE market an issue of national security. The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) under funding provided by the Department of Energy (DOE) has undertaken efforts to determine if the lignite coal found in the Williston Basin has the potential to be an ore body containing sufficient quantities of REEs and Critical Minerals (CM) for extraction and processing. In one such effort, the EERC collected over 400 samples from the Williston Basin lignite coal seams including outcrops as well as active mines. Those efforts have been followed up with ongoing work under the U.S. DOE’s Carbon Ore, Rare Earth and Critical Minerals Initiative (CORE-CM) currently ongoing in the Williston Basin as well as other basins in the United States. This ongoing work in the Williston Basin characterizing REEs in coal has focused on the collection of new sampling and analysis of REEs in coal and building upon previous characterization work. This information is being used to understand the spatial distribution of REEs through mapping and 3D modeling. The goals of these efforts are to better understand the mechanisms for distribution of the REEs in lignite coal as well as their concentration and determine knowledge gaps in characterization and to start to build the database required to understand the potential resource in the Williston Basin.

Feole, Ian K.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simulation of Creep Deformation and Failure in Graded AM Microstructures

This report describes modeling tools and techniques developed to simulate the long-term material performance of 316H stainless steel manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). A physics-based Crystal Plasticity Finite Element model is used to simulate creep in microstructures and to study the roles of grain morphology, porosity, and texture. We describe our modeling methodology, including an orientation-mapping technique to capture the spatially varying crystallographic orientation that results from the build conditions. Our study of microstructural features shows that AM microstructures produced by LPBF tend to creep faster in the build direction, while texture and grain boundaries strengthen the transverse directions. However, when grain-boundary porosity and the consequent cavity growth are included in the model, the transverse directions begin to creep faster. In examining texture, the results indicate that spatially varying orientation arising from the build conditions increases anisotropy in the material, making it critical to account for orientation gradients in the material to accurately model its mechanical behavior. We also describe a material-model calibration campaign in which we calibrated the constitutive model specifically for LPBF 316H stainless steel at 725℃ for both solution-annealed and as-built conditions. Finally, these tools and techniques are used to model creep in microstructures representing different regions of an LPBF material with graded microstructure, owing to intentional variation in processing conditions. The creep simulation results show good agreement with experimental data across all three microstructures, with future work planned to study rupture in the material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Signatures of Inflowing Gas in Red Geyser Galaxies Hosting Radio Active Galactic Nuclei

We study cool neutral gas traced by NaD absorption in 140 local ($z$ < 0.1) early-type red geyser galaxies. These galaxies show unique signatures in spatially resolved strong line emission maps that have been interpreted as largescale active galactic nucleus–driven ionized winds. To investigate the possible fuel source for these winds, we examine the abundance and kinematics of cool gas ($T$ ~ 100–1000 K) inferred from Na I D absorption in red geysers and matched control samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey. We find that red geysers host greater amounts of NaD-associated material. Substantial cool gas components are detected in more than 50% of red geysers (compared to 25% of the control sample) going up to 78% for radio-detected red geysers. Our key result is that cool gas in red geysers is predominantly infalling. Among our 30 radio-detected red geysers, 86% show receding NaD absorption velocities (with respect to the systemic velocity) between 40 and 50 km s-1 . We verify this result by stacking NaD profiles across each sample, which confirms the presence of infalling NaD velocities within red geysers (~40 km s -1 ) with no velocity offsets detected in the control samples. Interpreting our observations as signatures of inflowing cool neutral clouds, we derive an approximate mass inflow rate of $\dot{M}$ in ~ 0.1$M$ ⊙ yr -1 , similar to that expected from minor merging and internal recycling. In conclusion, some red geysers show much higher rates ($\dot{M}$ in ~ 5$M$ ⊙ yr -1 ), which may indicate an ongoing accretion event.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1972

A multispectral method of measuring sea surface temperatures from satellites

A multispectral technique has been developed which independently tests for the presence of clouds before a registered window radiance measurement is accepted as coming from the sea surface and the intervening atmosphere. The spatial resolution of ocean temperature mapping can be the same as that of the radiometer. With the 55 km subsatellite track resolution of the Nimbus 2 MRIR, current boundaries and upwelling areas have been successfully identified. Knowledge of the position of these regions and temperatures within them are important to the detection of areas of high chlorophyll concentrations.

Shenk, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Satellites: New global observing techniques for ice and snow

The relation of aereal extent of snow cover to the average monthly runoff in a given watershed was investigated by comparing runoff records with a series of snowcover maps. Studies using the high spatial resolution available with ERTS-1 imagery were carried out for the Wind River Mountains watersheds in Wyoming, where it was found that the empirical relationship varied with mean elevation of the watershed. In addition, digital image enhancement techniques are shown to be useful for identifying glacier features related to extent of snowcover, moraine characteristics, and debris average. Longer wavelength observations using sensors on board the Nimbus 5 Satellite are shown to be useful for indicating crystal size distributions and onset of melting on glacier snow cover.

Gloersen, P.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Infrared remote sounding of the middle atmosphere of Venus from the Pioneer orbiter

Orbiter infrared measurements of the Venus atmosphere in the 60to 140-kilometer region show very small diurnal temperature differences near the cloud tops, increasing somewhat at higher levels. The seasonal (that is, equator to pole) contrasts are an order of magnitude larger, and the temperatures unexpectedly increase with increasing latitude below 80 kilometers. An isothermal layer at least two scale heights in vertical extent is found near the 100-kilometer altitude, where the temperature is about 175 K. Structure is present in the cloud temperature maps on a range of spatial scales. The most striking is at high latitude, where contrasts of nearly 50 K are observed between a cold circumpolar band and the region near the pole itself.

Taylor, F. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Alignment techniques required by precise measurement of effective focal length

The characteristics of false color imagery produced by instrumentation on earth resource mapping satellites are examined. The spatial fidelity of the imagery is dependent upon the geometric accuracy (GA) and the band-to-band registration (BBR) with which the telescope instrument is assembled. BBR and GA require knowledge of telescope effective focal length (EFL) to one part in 10,000 in order that the next generation of earth mappers be able to carry out their missions. The basis for this level of precision is briefly considered, and a description is given of the means by which such precise EFL measurements have been carried out. Attention is given to accuracy requirements, the technique used to measure effective focal length, possible sources of error in the EFL measurement, approaches for eliminating errors, and the results of the efforts to control measurement errors in EFL determinations.

Wise, T. D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Seasat radar geomorphic applications in coastal and wetland environments, southeastern U.S

The application of Seasat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to the assessment of terrain conditions in coastal environments is considered. Drainage patterns and plant community spatial relationships can be adequately mapped as is shown by Seasat L-band imagery of the southeastern Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coastal Plain. Anomalously bright radar signatures are identified as characteristic of mangrove and cypress swamps. Marshes have a low radar return, less than that from non-marsh areas and open water in tidal channels. Drainage patterns for coastal plain transition zones can also be determined. Spaceborne imaging radar provides information which complements geomorphic analyses presently obtained with optical sensors.

Macdonald, H. C.↗
NASA NTRS1985

VLA continuum observations of compact H II regions

The VLA interferometer has been used to obtain 5 GHz continuum observations of the galactic H II regions W48, G25.4 - 0.2S, G8.1 + 0.2, and G89.1 + 1.3, at less than 6-arcsec spatial resolution. From the source maps presented, H II region physical parameters are derived and tentative models for the G25.4-0.2S H II region, employing the VLA radio interferometric map and available IR data, are discussed.

Woodward, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Columbia CO survey of molecular clouds in the first galactic quadrant

A systematic, unbiased survey of CO emission from much of the first Galactic quadrant has been completed using the Columbia-Goddard millimeter wave telescope. The velocity resolution is 1.3 km/s and the coverage is from -13 to 153 km/s at latitude less than 55 deg and from -55 to 111 km/s at latitudes of 55 deg and higher. The noise is 0.45 K rms per 1/3 km/s resolution element. The instrument and observing technique are described and the instrument's calibration is compared with that of other telescopes. When the different beams are taken into account, the calibration agrees well with measurements of individual molecular clouds and the Galactic plane done with both the Bell Laboratories 7 m and the NRAO 11 m telescopes. The entire collection of over 3000 spectra are presented along with spatial and longitude-velocity maps.

Cohen, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Kinematics at the intersection of the Garlock and Death Valley fault zones, California: Integration of TM data and field studies

The Garlock and Death Valley fault zones in SE California are two active strike-slip faults coming together on the east side of the Avawatz Mtns. The kinematics of this intersection, and the possible continuation of either fault zone, are being investigated using a combination of field mapping, and processing and interpretation of remotely sensed image data. Regional and local relationships are derivable from Thematic Mapper data (30 m resolution), including discrimination and relative age dating of alluvial fans, bedrock mapping, and fault mapping. Aircraft data provide higher spatial resolution over more limited areas. Hypotheses being considered are: (1) the Garlock fault extends east of the intersection; (2) the Garlock fault terminates at the intersection and the Death Valley fault continues southeastward; and (3) the Garlock fault has been offset right laterally by the Death Valley fault which continues to the southeast. Preliminary work indicates that the first hypothesis is invalid. From kinematic considerations, image analysis, and field work the third hypothesis is favored. The projected continuation of the Death Valley zone defines the boundary between the Mojave crustal block and the Basin and Range block.

Abrams, Michael↗
NASA NTRS1988

An albedo map of P/Halley on 13 March 1986

An albedo map is presented of comet Halley from a 10 micrometer image taken from the Wyoming Infrared Observatory on 13 Mar. 1986, and a 7311 A CCD image taken from the Anglo-Australian Telescope about an hour later. To construct this map, the CCD image was first converted from 0.49 arcsec/pixel to 1 arcsec/pixel to match the scale of the 10 micron image, then both were calibrated in lambda F sub lambda units. According to the albedo map, most of the inner coma of Halley lies between gamma = 0.04 and 0.08. The overall smoothness of the map is remarkable considering the large dynamic range of the optical and IR maps, and the differences in spatial resolution and image processing.

Hayward, Thomas L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Far-infrared and submillimeter photometric mapping of spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster

Three 'normal' Virgo cluster spiral galaxies, NGC 4254, NGC 4501, and NGC 4654, were mapped at 160 and 360 micron wavelengths with arrays of 45 arcsec beams using the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. Another galaxy, NGC 4321, was mapped at 160 microns. Approximately one-third of the total flux from the galaxies is emitted at wavelengths longer than 12 microns. The maps show centrally peaked, but spatially extended luminosity distributions consistent with disk material.

Stark, A. A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Studies of extra-solar Oort Clouds and the Kuiper disk

In 1991 we detected extended 1.1 mm emission around Fomalhaut (alpha PsA) at distances in order of magnitude beyond previous detections. This emission is plausibly related to the presence of an extended comet cloud, like our Oort Cloud, and may therefore represent indirect evidence for the formation of a planetary system at Fomalhaut. We propose now to extend this work to create a map of the angular and spatial extent of this emission. Fomalhaut is the only known main-sequence, submm-resolved IR excess source besides beta Pic.

Stern, S. Alan↗
NASA NTRS1992

Very high spatial resolution two-dimensional solar spectroscopy with video CCDs

We have developed techniques for recording and reducing spectra of solar fine structure with complete coverage of two-dimensional areas at very high spatial resolution and with a minimum of seeing-induced distortions. These new techniques permit one, for the first time, to place the quantitative measures of atmospheric structure that are afforded only by detailed spectral measurements into their proper context. The techniques comprise the simultaneous acquisition of digital spectra and slit-jaw images at video rates as the solar scene sweeps rapidly by the spectrograph slit. During data processing the slit-jaw images are used to monitor rigid and differential image motion during the scan, allowing measured spectrum properties to be remapped spatially. The resulting quality of maps of measured properties from the spectra is close to that of the best filtergrams. We present the techniques and show maps from scans over pores and small sunspots obtained at a resolution approaching 1/3 arcsec in the spectral region of the magnetically sensitive Fe I lines at 630.15 and 630.25 nm. The maps shown are of continuum intensity and calibrated Doppler velocity. More extensive spectral inversion of these spectra to yield the strength of the magnetic field and other parameters is now underway, and the results of that analysis will be presented in a following paper.

Johanneson, A.↗