Surveyor III material analysis program
Apollo 12 returned Surveyor 3 component materials analysis for lunar exposure effects by nondestructive and destructive tests
Nickle, N. L.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Survey of current component reliability problems and methods for prevention.
The current reliability problems related to electronic components and microcircuits are presented in this paper. Specific process controls, design, materials, application constraints, destructive testing, electrical tests, and procedures for implementation are recommended to improve the reliability of selected electronic components.
Hamiter, L.↗
A biased model for calculating the evolution in solar absorptance.
A biased model is proposed to account for the smooth curve type of degradation experienced by spacecraft environmental interfacing materials. Because the space environment is nondestructive, the solar absorptance (alpha) must reach its maximum value in finite time, monotonically, without inflection points and be single valued, viz., alpha equals alpha-zero plus (Bt - D) exp (-At). A simple procedure is also included for the parametric calculation of A, B, and D with respect to solar intensity, particle flux, and temperature. The suitability of the model is discussed with regard to destructive testing, and a more general equation proposed. Use of the model for alpha calculations appropriate to the HELIOS missions is outlined.
Schutt, J. B.↗
Lightning effects on the NASA F-8 digital-fly-by-wire airplane
The effects of lightning on a Digital Fly-By-Wire (DFBW)aircraft control system were investigated. The aircraft was a NASA operated F-8 fitted with a modified Apollo guidance computer. Current pulses similar in waveshape to natural lightning, but lower in amplitude, were injected into the aircraft. Measurements were made of the voltages induced on the DFBW circuits, the total current induced on the bundles of wires, the magnetic field intensity inside the aircraft, and the current density on the skin of the aircraft. Voltage measurements were made in both the line-to-ground and line-to-line modes. Voltages measured at the non-destructive test level were then scaled upward to determine how much would be produced by actual lightning. A 200,000 ampere severe lightning flash would produce between 40 and 2000 volts in DFBW circuits. Some system components are expected to be vulnerable to these voltages.
Plumer, J. A.↗
Ultrasonic measurement of fracture toughness
Inexpensive nondestructive method ranks materials by crack toughness. Method can reduce expenses involved in conventional mechanical destructive testing and can be inspection tool in determining local variations of materials in fracture-prone components.
Vary, A.↗
Correlations among ultrasonic propagation factors and fracture toughness properties of metallic materials
Empirical evidence was developed to show that a close relation exists among fracture toughness, yield strength, and ultrasonic attenuation properties of metallic materials. The evidence was obtained by ultrasonic probing of specimens of two maraging steels and a titanium alloy. It was concluded that nondestructive ultrasonic methods can be used to indirectly evaluate fracture-related material properties. The results suggest that these nondestructive ultrasonic measurements can also serve as an adjunct to destructive testing, measurement, and analysis of fracture properties.
Vary, A.↗
The 737 graphite composite flight spoiler flight service evaluation
The flight service experience of 108 graphite-epoxy spoilers on 737 transport aircraft, and related ground-based environmental exposure of graphite-epoxy material specimens were evaluated. Four spoilers were installed on each of 27 aircraft for a 5-year study. As of February 28, 1975, a total of 294,280 spoiler flight-hours and 460,686 spoiler landings were accumulated. Based on visual, ultrasonic, and destructive testing, no moisture migration into the honeycomb core and no core corrosion has occurred. Tests of removed spoilers and of ground-based exposure specimens after the first year of service indicate no significant changes in composite strength.
Stoecklin, R. L.↗
Correlations among ultrasonic propagation factors and fracture toughness properties of metallic materials
Empirical evidence was developed to show that a close relation exists among fracture toughness, yield strength, and ultrasonic attenuation properties of metallic materials. The evidence was obtained by ultrasonic probing of specimens of two maraging steels and a titanium alloy. It was concluded that nondestructive ultrasonic methods can be used to indirectly evaluate fracture-related material properties. The results suggest that these nondestructive ultrasonic measurements can also serve as an adjunct to destructive testing, measurement, and analysis of fracture properties.
Vary, A.↗
The 737 graphite composite flight spoiler flight service evaluation
The flight service experience of 110 graphite epoxy spoilers on 737 transport aircraft was reviewed as well as ground based environmental exposure of graphite epoxy material specimens for the period from April 1976 through April 1977. Several spoilers were installed on each of 27 aircraft representing seven major airlines operating throughout the world. A flight service evaluation program of at least 5 years is under way. As of April 30, 1977, a total of 766,938 spoiler flight hours and 1,168,090 spoiler landings were accumulated by the fleet. Based on visual ultrasonic, and destructive testing, there was no evidence of moisture migration into the honeycomb core and no core corrosion. Tests of removed spoilers and of ground based exposure specimens after the third year of service continue to indicate modest changes in composite strength properties.
Stoecklin, R. L.↗
The 737 graphite composite flight spoiler flight service evaluation
The flight-service experience of 110 graphite-epoxy spoilers on 737 transport aircraft and related ground-based environmental exposure of graphite-epoxy material specimens is reported. Spoilers were installed on each of 27 aircraft representing seven major airlines operating throughout the world. Based on visual, ultrasonic, and destructive testing, there is no evidence of moisture migration into the honeycomb core and no core corrosion. Tests of removed spoilers and of ground-based exposure specimens after the second year of service indicate modest changes in composite strength.
Stoecklin, R. L.↗
Characterization of large 2219 aluminum alloy hand forgings for the space shuttle solid rocket booster
The mechanical properties, including fracture toughness, and stress corrosion properties of four types of 2219-T852 aluminum alloy hand forgings are presented. Weight of the forgings varied between 450 and 3500 lb at the time of heat treatment and dimensions exceeded the maximum covered in existing specifications. The forgings were destructively tested to develop reliable mechanical property data to replace estimates employed in the design of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) and to establish minimum guaranteed properties for structural refinement and for entry into specification revisions. The report summarizes data required from the forgers and from the SRB Structures contractor.
Brennecke, M. W.↗
Characteristics of Li-SOCl2 cells
A general discussion of the characteristics of Li-SOC12 cells is presented. Three different shaped cells were selected for study; prismatic, cylindrical, and disc. The characteristics of the cells were obtained through nondestructive and destructive testing which are discussed. Graphs are presented which represent the various parameters investigated. Workshop participant comments and questions are also included.
Warburton, D. L.↗
Moisture in Composites is Measured by Positron Lifetime
New technique is expected to measure the moisture content and moisture depth distribution in fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. Technique is based on dependence of positron lifetime on moisture content of composite specimen. None of the previous non-destructive testing techniques measured moisture content and depth distribution simultaneously.
Singh, J. J.↗
Capacitor Technologies, Applications and Reliability
Various aspects of capacitor technologies and applications are discussed. Major emphasis is placed on: the causes of failures; accelerated testing; screening tests; destructive physical analysis; applications techniques; and improvements in capacitor capabilities.
Source record↗
Timing Control System
A timing control system is disclosed which is particularly useful in connection with simulated mortar shells. Special circuitry is provided to assure that the shell does not over shoot, but rather detonates early in case of an improper condition; this ensures that ground personnel will not be harmed by a delayed detonation. The system responds to an externally applied frequency control code which is configured to avoid any confusion between different control modes. A premature detonation routine is entered in case an improper time-setting signal is entered, or if the shell is launched before completion of the time-setting sequence. Special provisions are also made for very early launch situations and improper detonator connections. An alternate abort mode is provided to discharge the internal power supply without a detonation in a manner that can be externally monitored, thereby providing a mechanism for non-destructive testing. The abort mode also accelerates the timing function for rapid testing.
Wiker, Gordon A.↗
Industrial plastics waste: Identification and segregation
Throwaway plastic products, mainly packaging, are inundating our landfills and incinerators. Most are ethenic thermoplastics, which can be recycled as new products or fossil-fuels. Lab experiments are described, involving destructive and non-destructive tests for identifying and using plastics. The burn-test, with simple apparatus and familiar samples, is recommended as quick, cheap and effective.
Widener, Edward L.↗
Frequency response of electrochemical cells
The main objective was to examine the feasibility of using frequency response techniques (1) as a tool in destructive physical analysis of batteries, particularly for estimating electrode structural parameters such as specific area, porosity, and tortuosity and (2) as a non-destructive testing technique for obtaining information such as state of charge and acceptability for space flight. The phenomena that contribute to the frequency response of an electrode include: (1) double layer capacitance; (2) Faradaic reaction resistance; (3) mass transfer of Warburg impedance; and (4) ohmic solution resistance. Nickel cadmium cells were investigated in solutions of KOH. A significant amount of data was acquired. Quantitative data analysis, using the developed software, is planned for the future.
Thomas, Daniel L.↗
Development of A Non-Explosive Release Device for Aerospace Applications
A simple, non-explosive, high load-capacity release mechanism using shape memory alloy is currently being developed for space flight. This device, the Frangibolt, could replace most pyrotechnic devices in applications where the need for safety, reliability, non-destructive testing, and minimal mechanical shock is more crucial than the need for rapid actuation. Prototype hardware has been designed, tested, and proven in laboratory conditions. Operation and demonstration of these devices evidenced reliable and repeatable performance, clearly indicating that extensive testing for flight qualification is warranted. Here, the Frangibolt design is discussed, recent test results of laboratory units are described, and the work that must be performed in the upcoming months to qualify the device for aerospace applications is addressed.
John D Busch↗