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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

TPC Test-stands: An Overview & Future Prospects

The DUNE near detector design in Phase II will include a magnetized high-pressure gaseous-argon TPC (HPgTPC) surrounded by a calorimeter, called ND-GAr. ND-GAr is designed to provide fine-grained tracking, and due to its low detection threshold, it will be able to constrain one of the least-understood uncertainties for oscillation analysis: nuclear effects in argon at the neutrino interaction vertex. This talk will provide an overview of and an outlook about the ongoing R&D efforts in the context of the existing test stands that are evaluating the various readout system options for DUNE ND-GAr.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Offline Power Systems Applications Enabled by Phasor Measurement Units: Technical Assistance to the Power Sectors of Southeast Asia

This report provides a brief overview of several offline (non-real-time) applications facilitated by high-resolution time-synchronized measurements recorded by phasor measurement units (PMUs). The high reporting rate and time-synchronization of PMU records provide a detailed view of power system dynamics, enabling electric utilities to obtain a better understanding of their systems. In this report, the following applications have been reviewed: Power plant model validation, System model validation, Ringdown oscillation analysis, Frequency response analysis, Postmortem analysis of disturbance events Along with a brief technical background of the applications above, applicable North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standards have been discussed, and examples of implementation in North American organizations have been provided. Implementing several of the discussed applications may need a preliminary stage of data gathering from multiple entities, and several frameworks and process flows have been formulated by organizations around the world for this purpose. However, the data-gathering stage has not been considered in the scope of the present report.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Exploring the Nature of Neutrinos with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation experimental program designed to study the behaviour of neutrino oscillation. DUNE will utilize a neutrino beam originating at Fermilab, near Chicago, and will leverage a detector at Fermilab (Near Detector) and a detector 1300 km away in South Dakota (Far Detector), south of Saskatchewan. In the first phase of DUNE, its Far Detector will comprise of two 10,000 ton (fiducial) liquid argon (LAr) time-projection chamber (TPC) modules – powerful tracking calorimeter detectors – placed nearly a mile underground. With this large, sensitive, underground detector, DUNE aims to collect a high statistics and pure sample of neutrinos at the Far Detector. This setup also offers the potential to study non-beam physical processes via e.g. neutrinos produced in the atmosphere, supernova neutrino bursts, and/or solar neutrinos, etc. A second phase will aim to add more detector mass and expand the program. The Near Detector will consist of a LAr TPC module as well: critical to constraining systematic uncertainties in the oscillation analysis. However, this LAr TPC will have a novel design using a pixel-based readout instead of the traditional wire-based readout. This and the segmentation of the LAr TPC into multiple units are crucial in mitigating the high multiplicity of neutrino interactions expected in any readout window given its proximity to the beam. The Near Detector will feature additional components and capability beyond the LAr TPC, allowing one to deeply characterize the neutrino flux. Due to the complexity of this experimental program, several smaller-scale prototype detectors have been operating to test, validate, and improve both the technical designs and software for processing and analyzing events. By operating in charged particle test beams or neutrino beams, several of the prototypes are also capable of producing valuable results. Canadian institutions are involved in the realization of the DUNE through efforts with both the Near and Far Detectors and prototypes. DUNE is anticipated to begin operating near the end of this decade/the beginning of the next. This talk will focus on the overall DUNE program, for example its ultimate plans, status, and the efforts with prototypes.

Howard, Bruce [York U., Canada; Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Neutrino Oscillations at the NOvA Experiment

The NOvA experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments based at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in IL, USA. The experiment was designed to observe muon neutrino (muon anti-neutrino) disappearance and electron neutrino (electron anti-neutrino) appearance oscillations using a set of technological identical liquid scintillation detectors. The detectors are situated 14.6 milli-radians off-axis to the Fermilab's NuMI beam line that provides a beam of neutrinos (anti-neutrinos) to the experiment. The latest results from 3-flavor neutrino oscillation analysis from 10 years of NOvA data will be discussed in the talk.

Choudhary, Brajesh [Delhi U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

QED Radiative Corrections to CC Neutrino Scattering in NOvA

The widely-used (anti)neutrino event generator GENIE accounts for only tree level Charged-Current (CC) (anti)neutrino interactions. In this poster we begin by summarizing previous research into second order QED radiative corrections. After summarizing the theoretical corrections to cross-section distributions in $Q^2$ and $E_\nu$ we analyze the effects of Radiative corrections implemented as a systematic within NOvA's neutrino oscillation analysis framework. We present corrected predictions of (anti)neutrino event spectra at NOvA's far detector, showing an increase in CC cross sections with an increase in reconstructed $E_\nu$ along with a small decrease in low reco $E_\nu$ bins, consistent with the theoretical work.

Tripp, William [Tufts U.]↗
DOE OSTI2025

The SAND detector for the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation project aiming to study several neutrino properties. It will feature two experimental setups: a near detector that will be installed at Fermilab, in proximity of the neutrino-production point, and a far detector at a distance of 1300 km and 1500 m underground, at the SURF laboratory. The DUNE design and configuration will allow the study of neutrino oscillation, astrophysical neutrinos, and beyond standard model physics. The near detector complex foresees three detectors to be installed. Among these, the System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) will serve as on-axis beam monitor, reduce the systematic uncertainties for the oscillation analysis, and search for physics beyond the standard model. SAND will be composed of three sub-detectors, surrounded by a 0.6 T superconducting magnet. The outermost detector will be a lead/scintillating-fiber electromagnetic calorimeter while the inner volume will include a 1-ton liquid argon active target placed upstream followed by a target tracker system. The SAND detector and its goals will be shown in this poster.

Alemanno, Francesca [Salento U.; INFN, Lecce]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Machine Learning Neutrino-Nucleus Cross Sections

Neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections are critical theoretical inputs for long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. However, robust modeling of these cross sections remains challenging. For a simple but physically motivated toy model of the DUNE experiment, we demonstrate that an accurate neural-network model of the cross section -- leveraging Standard Model symmetries -- can be learned from near-detector data. We then perform a neutrino oscillation analysis with simulated far-detector events, finding that the modeled cross section achieves results consistent with what could be obtained if the true cross section were known exactly. This proof-of-principle study highlights the potential of future neutrino near-detector datasets and data-driven cross-section models.

Wagman, Michael L. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000176701↗
DOE OSTI2026

First results from the search for muon neutrino disappearance with ICARUS

After successful operation at LNGS and a major upgrade at CERN, the 760-ton ICARUS T600 detector has been running at Fermilab since 2020, collecting neutrino interactions from the BNB and NuMI beams. In late 2025, ICARUS reached five years of continuous data taking, demonstrating the maturity of large-scale LAr-TPC technology and its relevance for future experiments such as DUNE. This contribution presents the first ICARUS search for muon-neutrino disappearance in the BNB. Charged-current 1μNp events selected from 2022–2023 data are compared to simulations and interpreted, for the first time, within a two-neutrino approximation of the 3+1 sterile-neutrino model, including systematic uncertainties from flux, interaction, and detector effects. Although currently limited by systematic uncertainties, this first oscillation analysis probes the parameter space suggested by existing νμ-disappearance results and lays the groundwork for future SBN combined analyses with SBND, which will significantly improve sensitivity to sterile-neutrino scenarios.

Artero Pons, Maria [Padua U.; INFN, Padua]↗
DOE OSTI2026

First results from the search for muon neutrino disappearance with ICARUS

After successful operation at LNGS and a major upgrade at CERN, the 760-ton ICARUS T600 detector has been running at Fermilab since 2020, collecting neutrino interactions from the BNB and NuMI beams. In late 2025, ICARUS reached five years of continuous data taking, demonstrating the maturity of large-scale LAr-TPC technology and its relevance for future experiments such as DUNE. This contribution presents the first ICARUS search for muon-neutrino disappearance in the BNB. Charged-current 1μNp events selected from 2022–2023 data are compared to simulations and interpreted, for the first time, within a two-neutrino approximation of the 3+1 sterile-neutrino model, including systematic uncertainties from flux, interaction, and detector effects. Although currently limited by systematic uncertainties, this first oscillation analysis probes the parameter space suggested by existing νμ-disappearance results and lays the groundwork for future SBN combined analyses with SBND, which will significantly improve sensitivity to sterile-neutrino scenarios.

Artero Pons, Maria [Padua U.; INFN, Padua]↗
DOE OSTI2026

MicroBooNE Electron Neutrino Cross Sections without Visible Pions

MicroBooNE is an 85-tonne liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) at Fermilab. It collected data from two different beam lines between 2015 and 2020 and has since released a large number of neutrino cross section results on argon. These inform neutrino interaction modelling in view of next generation LArTPCs such as the upcoming DUNE experiment. We present new measurements of the electron neutrino charged current pionless cross section on argon in the MicroBooNE detector. These measurements are essential to DUNE’s oscillation analysis as they impact the predicted interaction rate of the main flavor appearance signal. Two measurements are presented, one that leverages the full on-axis MicroBooNE Booster Neutrino Beam dataset while the other uses about 30% of the 8° off-axis Neutrino at the Main Injector beam dataset. Two channels can be considered: with or without a visible pion in the final state. Both measurements consider events with visible protons and the BNB measurement also measures electron neutrinos across the proton visibility threshold. Differential cross sections are extracted in proton and electron kinematics. The relationship between the hadronic and leptonic systems is explored through the angle between the proton and electron directions. The resulting cross sections are compared to a variety of generator predictions using different models of neutrino interactions. We find overall good agreement with most models, especially in lepton kinematics.

Mellet, Lucile [Michigan State U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

First Results from the Search for Muon-Neutrino Disappearance with the ICARUS Detector

After successful operation at LNGS and a major upgrade at CERN, the 760-ton ICARUS T600 detector has been running at Fermilab since 2020, collecting neutrino interactions from the BNB and NuMI beams. In late 2025, ICARUS reached five years of continuous data taking, demonstrating the maturity of large-scale LAr-TPC technology and its relevance for future experiments such as DUNE. This contribution presents the first ICARUS search for muon-neutrino disappearance in the BNB. Charged-current 1$\mu$Np events selected from 2022–2023 data are compared to simulations and interpreted, for the first time, within a two-neutrino approximation of the 3+1 sterile-neutrino model, including systematic uncertainties from flux, interaction, and detector effects. Although currently limited by systematic uncertainties, this first oscillation analysis probes the parameter space suggested by existing $\nu_\mu$ disappearance results and lays the groundwork for future SBN combined analyses with SBND, which will significantly improve sensitivity to sterile-neutrino scenarios.

Steklain, Andre [Parana Tech. Fed. U., Toledo] (OR↗
NASA NTRS1974

A high performance line regulator

The present work describes the design of a 10-kHz, 500-W switching buck type regulator used as a line regulator in a power conditioner for an ion thruster. The frequency response of the switching regulator had to be raised beyond the resonant frequency of the output LC filter to produce a positive total network impedance and prevent negative resistance oscillation. Analysis of this stability problem is given.

Cardwell, G. I.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A comparison of IMPATT oscillator power and frequency above 100 GHz with results derived from theoretical models

This investigation is concerned with a comparison of measured 117-GHz IMPATT oscillator frequency and output power with results derived from theoretical circuit models. It is pointed out that previous millimeter-wave oscillator models are unsuitable for studying circuit behavior, such as oscillator tuning as a function of waveguide short position or other circuit parameters. In the current study, oscillator circuit modeling techniques, successfully applied at X-band, are applied for the first time to a millimeter-wave IMPATT oscillator circuit. Attention is given to an oscillator circuit description, an IMPATT diode circuit model, a circuit model, and an oscillator analysis.

Bates, B. D.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Development and Validation of a Fast, Accurate and Cost-Effective Aeroservoelastic Method on Advanced Parallel Computing Systems

Progress to date towards the development and validation of a fast, accurate and cost-effective aeroelastic method for advanced parallel computing platforms such as the IBM SP2 and the SGI Origin 2000 is presented in this paper. The ENSAERO code, developed at the NASA-Ames Research Center has been selected for this effort. The code allows for the computation of aeroelastic responses by simultaneously integrating the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations and the modal structural equations of motion. To assess the computational performance and accuracy of the ENSAERO code, this paper reports the results of the Navier-Stokes simulations of the transonic flow over a flexible aeroelastic wing body configuration. In addition, a forced harmonic oscillation analysis in the frequency domain and an analysis in the time domain are done on a wing undergoing a rigid pitch and plunge motion. Finally, to demonstrate the ENSAERO flutter-analysis capability, aeroelastic Euler and Navier-Stokes computations on an L-1011 wind tunnel model including pylon, nacelle and empennage are underway. All computational solutions are compared with experimental data to assess the level of accuracy of ENSAERO. As the computations described above are performed, a meticulous log of computational performance in terms of wall clock time, execution speed, memory and disk storage is kept. Code scalability is also demonstrated by studying the impact of varying the number of processors on computational performance on the IBM SP2 and the Origin 2000 systems.

Goodwin, Sabine A.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Spatiotemporal Pattern Recognition in the PMU Signals in the WECC system

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) data has been used by multiple power system applications, including state estimation, post event analysis, oscillation detection, model validation, and many others. Still, due to its big data nature and availability to general research institutions, comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and underlying mechanisms are incomplete. This study applies a set of signal processing and machine learning approaches aiming at deciphering the characteristic behaviors of multiple phasor measurement units (PMUs) attributes (e.g., voltage, frequency, rate of change of frequency, phase angle), including their auto-correlation, cross-dependence, similarities and discrepancies across units and temporal scales, and distributions of anomalies and their linkages to potential external factors such as weather events. Data analytics are applied to PMUs from the U.S. Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system. The PMU measurements, recorded events, outages, and weather extremes are all from real world datasets. The findings from the study and mechanistic understanding of the PMU dynamics help provide guidance on system control or preventing blackouts. The derived metrics can be directly used for adjusting or filtering simulated PMU data used for advanced algorithm development.

Hou, Zhangshuan↗
DOE OSTI2026

Latest Results from the NOvA Experiment

NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment based at Fermilab, IL, USA, that observes $\nu_\mu(\bar{\nu}_\mu) \to \nu_\mu(\bar{\nu}_\mu)$ disappearance and $\nu_\mu(\bar{\nu}_\mu) \to \nu_e(\bar{\nu}_e)$ appearance oscillations from a beam of neutrninos provided by the NuMI beamline at Fermilab. The experiment is made up of two functionally identical liquid scintillation detectors, both situated 14.6 mrad off-axis to the beam direction and made out of PVC extrusion cells arranged in alternating horizontal and vertical planes. The experiment is sensitive not only to standard three-flavor neutrino oscillations, but also to beyond standard model (BSM) searches such as sterile neutrino and non-standard interaction (NSI) of neutrinos with matter searches. The latest results from 3-flavor neutrino oscillation analysis, the NOvA-T2K joint analysis, searches for sterile neutrinos and non-standard interactions of neutrinos with matter, will be discussed here.

Choudhary, Brajesh [Delhi Tech. U.] (ORCID:0000000↗
DOE OSTI2026

Optimizing Neutrino Flavor Conversion Measurements through Machine Learning

The phenomenon of neutrino flavor conversion whereby the flavor of a neutrino particle can change between its time of production and later detection was the first definitive evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Some of the oscillation parameters used to describe this conversion are not yet well measured, leaving important questions still open regarding flavor conversion both in vacuum and as neutrinos travel through matter. NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that uses Fermilab's predominantly $\nu_\mu$ NuMI beam. A 14 kton oil-based liquid scintillator far detector 810 km away is used to measure neutrino oscillation through the $\nu_\mu$ disappearance and $\nu_e$ appearance channels. Super-K is a 50 kton water Cherenkov detector, which measures the disappearance of $\nu_e$ produced during solar fusion. The high density environment of the sun decreases the $\nu_e$ survival probability at higher energies observable in Super-K compared to the vacuum-dominated oscillations at lower energies. However, the transition region is overshadowed by radioactive background in the detector. In both of these experiments, the separation of neutrino detection events from background and classification of neutrino flavor are crucial tasks that benefit from the introduction of machine learning. Chapter 1 gives an overview of neutrinos and the context under which flavor conversion is measured in this dissertation. Chapters 2-7 present the results of a Bayesian sampling approach for the latest NOvA 3-flavor oscillation analysis with $26.6 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target in neutrino mode and $12.5 \times 10^{20}$ in antineutrino mode collected over 10 years. Chapters 8-13 present the results of extending the Super-K solar analysis to lower energies during its fourth phase with 2970 days of livetime.

Yankelevich, Alejandro Jaime [UC, Irvine]↗