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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Design, construction, and testing of a five active axes magnetic bearing system

A high speed electric spindle based on active electromagnetic suspension technology has been designed, built, and tested. The main goal of the research work was the construction of a highly modular unit which can be used for teaching and research purposes. The design of the electromechanical components and of the control unit is described in detail, together with the characterization tests performed on the various subsystems. A description of the preliminary tests on the unit, conducted at speeds not in excess of the first deformation critical speed of the rotor, concludes the work.

Delprete, Cristiana↗
DOE OSTI2024

Narrowing lab–to–market gaps: Device innovations in fuel generation, solar–cell, and photodetection

Academic translational research efforts to industry are often an underlying sought–after goal among various researchers. Through the interchanges of research endeavors between academia–industry, great innovations can/has been achieved that cater to the real–world application by bridging “industrially relevant” problem solving with pursuing fundamental studies. It is pertinent that most of the studies from university–level research works may not translate into demonstrable market products due to various reasons. Funding support, individual researcher goals, socioeconomic factors, and most importantly the technical know–how of generating revenue strategies for startups, are a few of the factors that have slowed the pace of collaborative efforts. However, we believe that the most crucial component is the identification of the critical parameters that solve long–standing problems that hinder the scale–up of the lab scale research into marketable products considering the techno–economic analysis. Here, to illustrate this, we take the three most relevant examples of devices for fuel generation, devices to utilize solar radiation, and devices for detection and other related applications. In this perspective, we provide an in–depth case study of each of these critical parameters to comment on the direction of research avenues that can serve as step–stones for the commercialization of university–level lab research studies.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Crystalline Disposal R&D at LBNL: FY20 Progress Report

Within the Spent Fuel & Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) Program, research work continues further with the goal to better understand long-term performance of disposal systems in three main geologic rock types: clay/shale, salt, and crystalline rock. This report documents LBNL’s research activities related to investigations of crystalline host rock according to the scope of two work packages: SF-20LB01030207 “Crystalline International Collaborations – LBNL,” and SF-20LB01030203 “Crystalline Disposal R&D – LBNL.” These research activities correspond are related to key Features, Events, and Processes (FEPs), ranked in importance from medium to high, as listed in Table 7 of the Used Fuel Disposition Campaign Disposal Research and Development Roadmap (FCR&D-USED-2011-000065 REV0) (Nutt, 2011). Specifically, these research activities address FEP 2.2.01, Excavation Disturbed Zone (EZD). The results of these research activities provide important insights into understanding and predicting flow and transport processes that could occur in low-permeability crystalline rocks, in which fractures might serve as main conduits for fluid flow and radionuclide transport. The evolution of the EDZ during the excavation of the tunnel as well as the evolution of microcrack growth within the EDZ after the emplacement of backfill are critical for predicting the long- term behavior of the EDZ. A number of factors including stress, temperature, water activity, capillary pressure, chemistry, and mineralogy can affect the rock evolution, which require advanced experimental tools to study it.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS2003

Development of Management Metrics for Research and Technology

Professor Ted Sheskin from CSU will be tasked to research and investigate metrics that can be used to determine the technical progress for advanced development and research tasks. These metrics will be implemented in a software environment that hosts engineering design, analysis and management tools to be used to support power system and component research work at GRC. Professor Sheskin is an Industrial Engineer and has been involved in issues related to management of engineering tasks and will use his knowledge from this area to allow extrapolation into the research and technology management area. Over the course of the summer, Professor Sheskin will develop a bibliography of management papers covering current management methods that may be applicable to research management. At the completion of the summer work we expect to have him recommend a metric system to be reviewed prior to implementation in the software environment. This task has been discussed with Professor Sheskin and some review material has already been given to him.

Sheskin, Theodore J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Human Factors in Discovery Phase of TRLs and HRLs

With rapid growth in technology, there has been a corresponding growth in research focused on the ways that human-machine interactions can be improved. As part of that work, researchers have explored how human expertise can inform technology design and evaluation. For example, interaction with subject matter experts (SMEs) or end users can help to design and enhance a machine. The human factors of technology release can be divided into five steps: discovery, planning, development, evaluation, and deployment. This framework is a higher-level abstraction of the Human Readiness Levels for technology use and adoption (See, et al., 2018). In this exposition, we discuss how human factors methodologies, principles, and practices can be realized in the first phase, Discovery, of the technology development process.

Jefferson, Brett A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Earth system dynamics: The interrelation of atmospheric, ocean and solid earth dynamics

The research work performed during the time period 16 Oct. 1992 through 31 Dec. 1993 is summarized. The overall research activity, including a list of the major findings of the EOS IDS research to date, is described, the publications and presentations are listed, and a budget request for the subsequent year is attached. Specifically, the report covers: EOS panel activities; major findings of research; team member contributions; new research directions; EOS restructuring effect; changes in requirements; plans for using existing data; collaborations with other EOS and non-EOS investigations; EOS instrument team interaction; instrument development verification and validation; interaction with EOSDIS and DAAC's; team coordination; overall management; summary of response to site review questions and comments; science computing facility; and additional new research activities.

Tapley, Byron D.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of Multiresolution Capabilities for the Holistic Energy Resource Optimization Network (HERON) tool A progress update

INL researchers work on technoeconomic analyses for integrated energy systems (IES) using the Framework for Optimization of ResourCes and Economics (FORCE). Within FORCE, researchers use the Holistic Energy Resource Optimization Network (HERON) tool to conduct optimization of grid portfolios under uncertain market conditions. These optimizations determine optimal capacities for all IES components and strategies for resource dispatch which maximize some economic metric (e.g., net present value). Resource dispatch occurs on finer timescales (typically hours) and thus are asked to respond to a given time series (e.g. hourly load demand profiles for a grid, or pre-determined electricity prices). Volatile and complex bidding dynamics as well as poorly forecasted weather events within deregulated markets add uncertainty to the time series; FORCE can address this uncertainty by training a reduced order model on historical time series and generate unique synthetic time series which represent individual scenarios or realizations of the market. The IES configuration can be simulated under these different sampled realizations and a stochastic optimization is conducted which optimizes the expected value of the desired economic metric. The training of a synthetic time series generator is limited by the chosen time resolution; dynamics can occur on different time scales. Seasonal demand trends can dominate faster dynamical events (such as power outages from certain sectors or severe weather events) which might not get captured correctly by the trained model. In this report, we investigate different ways of addressing the training and generation of time series on multiple time scales using three main algorithms: wavelet decomposition, dynamic mode decomposition, and generative adversarial networks for time series. We demonstrate a time series analysis that yields information on not just the frequency space but also temporal space: where a fast Fourier transform can provide what frequencies dominate, the new algorithms can provide when the frequencies dominate as well. These analyses can help improve IES optimization by allowing researchers to couple simulations at different timescales when it is most needed - seasonal, day-ahead, and real time optimization - with greater computational efficiency. Future work will include implementation of a subset of the proposed algorithms into the FORCE toolset and application of these analyses into multiple timescale optimization.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Moving Target Defense Routing for SDN-enabled Smart Grid

The increasing attack surface area in the smart grid communication networks is making the grid more susceptible to cyber attacks that can lead to instability of the grid and even blackouts. While there are multiple types of cyber attacks that can impact the grid, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are relatively easier to inject as they require lesser knowledge about the system as compared to data integrity attacks. Various research works showcase methods to prevent or mitigate the impacts of DoS attacks in the smart grid but the research still lacks in demonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of the solutions in a real-world environment. In this paper, we propose a Moving Target Defense (MTD)-enabled Software Defined Network (SDN) for the Smart Grid communication implemented on a Hardwarein- the-Loop (HIL) Testbed. We showcase the implementation of the proposed architecture of MTD-enabled SDN using Mininet 2.3.0 which enables communication between the physical grid and the control center. The results show the advantages of using MTD based on SDN for the wide-area network (WAN) with much lower packet drop percentages in the case of MTD-based routing in the SDN WAN. Index Terms—SDN,

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS2003

Effect Of Low External Flow On Flame Spreading Over ETFE Insulated Wire Under Microgravity

Fire safety is one of the most important issues for manned space missions. A likely cause of fires in spacecraft is wire insulation combustion in electrical system. Regarding the wire insulation combustion it important to know the effect of low external flow on the combustion because of the presence of ventilation flow in spacecraft. Although, there are many researches on flame spreading over solid material at low external flows under microgravity, research dealing with wire insulation is very limited. An example of wire insulation combustion in microgravity is the Space Shuttle experiments carried out by Greenberg et al. However, the number of experiments was very limited. Therefore, the effect of low flow velocity is still not clear. The authors have reported results on flame spreading over ETFE (ethylene - tetrafluoroetylene) insulated wire in a quiescent atmosphere in microgravity by 10 seconds drop tower. The authors also performed experiments of polyethylene insulated nichrom wire combustion in low flow velocity under microgravity. The results suggested that flame spread rate had maximum value in low flow velocity condition. Another interesting issue is the effect of dilution gas, especially CO2, which is used for fire extinguisher in ISS. There are some researches working on dilution gas effect on flame spreading over solid material in quiescent atmosphere in microgravity. However the research with low external flow is limited and, of course, the research discussing a relation of the appearance of maximum wire flammability in low flow velocity region with different dilution gas cannot be found yet. The present paper, therefore, investigates the effect of opposed flow with different dilution gas on flame spreading over ETFE insulated wire and change in the presence of the maximum flammability depending on the dilution gas type is discussed within the limit of microgravity time given by ground-based facility.

Nishizawa, Katsuhiro↗
NASA NTRS2015

Got Graphs? An Assessment of Data Visualization Tools

Graphs are powerful tools for simplifying complex data. They are useful for quickly assessing patterns and relationships among one or more variables from a dataset. As the amount of data increases, it becomes more difficult to visualize potential associations. Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) was charged with assessing its current visualization tools along with others on the market to determine whether new tools would be useful for supporting NASA's occupational surveillance effort. It was concluded by members of LSAH that the current tools hindered their ability to provide quick results to researchers working with the department. Due to the high volume of data requests and the many iterations of visualizations requested by researchers, software with a better ability to replicate graphs and edit quickly could improve LSAH's efficiency and lead to faster research results.

Schaefer, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Analysis of Impact Induced Damage and its Effect on Structural Integrity of Space Flight Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels

The objective of this research work has been to provide analytical background and support to the ongoing experimental program at NASA, White Sands Test Facility, involving testing composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) for impact damage and cyclic pressurization. Preliminary theoretical basis, including the governing equations for a shallow shell subjected to internal pressure, has been established. Effects of the Griffith type cracks on the structural integrity of the cylindrical vessel were evaluated by methods of Fracture Mechanics. The results indicate that the effective mass of the pressure vessel is an important factor influencing the response to impact events. We also have found that the material properties of the target, contained in the constitutive equations of the composite attached to the Aluminum liner, dominate the impact event in the low velocity range, the material properties become less important, while the target mass distribution and the impactor mass become more significant as the velocity of the impactor increases. Therefore, at high-velocity impact it is not only the kinetic energy of the impactor but also its mass which has a significant effect on the dynamics of the event, and consequently on the induced damage. This work also suggests a methodology for an assessment of the rate of loading effects on the degradation of the material toughness associated with a high-velocity impact where the rate effects become significant. To model the rate dependence of the material response a viscoelastic-plastic constitutive equations were assumed, and on this basis predictions are made regarding the rate dependent material resistance curve. Other dynamic phenomena associated with the impact event have been treated in the framework of the Computational Mechanics using the courtesy of Prof. P. Guebelle and his graduate student at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who have an access to a super-fast computer located on their campus. Finally, the guidelines for a follow-up research program are provided in the body of this report. They address three major areas: theoretical research, numerical studies, and further experimental work.

Wnuk, Michael P.↗
NASA NTRS2021

Marshall Space Flight Center Faculty Fellowship Program

The 2020 Marshall Aerospace Fellowship Program involved 11 faculty in the laboratories and departments at Marshall Space Flight Center and one faculty researcher working from Colorado. These faculty engineers and scientists worked with NASA collaborators on NASA projects, bringing new perspectives and solutions to bear. This Technical Memorandum is a compilation of nine research reports of the 2020 Marshall Aerospace Fellowship program, along with the Program Announcement (Appendix A) and the Program Description (Appendix B). The research affected the following five areas: (1) Materials (2) Spacecraft systems (3) Human-System Interactions (4) Vehicle systems (5) Space science Additive manufacturing was the single materials investigation during the summer of 2020. Spacecraft systems tasks dominated the fellows’ explorations: covering camera sensors for lunar surface mobility, a real-time system for navigation and mapping, flexible sensor modeling, and transmitter design for high data rate telemetry. One project concentrated on Human-System Interactions. Another fellow designed a model to predict heat leak into a cryogen tank, as in most vehicle systems. One of the scientists worked on a proposed space-based gravitational wave interferometer that will detect Galactic white dwarf binaries. Another space science fellow used a mature astrophysical code to synthesize galactic stellar populations. Our goal is to continue the Marshall Aerospace Program funded by Center project offices.

N. F. Six↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cytrics Repository Of Analysis Tools And Engineering Resources

Cybersecurity Testing for Resilient Industrial Control Systems (CyTRICS) is a DOE-funded project that works with vendors to evaluate the cybersecurity of equipment used in US critical infrastructure. In the process of testing systems, CyTRICS researchers often develop custom tools. The tools in this repository were developed during multiple CyTRICS tests to assist with the testing process. They help solve problems encountered by CyTRICS researchers and address uncommon testing subjects for which limited tooling is available. They are useful to other researchers working on similar systems and architectures.

Laird, SutterE↗
NASA NTRS2016

Design, Development, and Testing of a UAV Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Aviation and Airspace Prognostics Research

The airspace is becoming more and more complicated, and will continue to do so in the future with the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), autonomy, spacecraft, other forms of aviation technology into the airspace. The new technology and complexity increases the importance and difficulty of safety assurance. Additionally, testing new technologies on complex aviation systems & systems of systems can be very difficult, expensive, and sometimes unsafe in real life scenarios. Prognostic methodology provides an estimate of the health and risks of a component, vehicle, or airspace and knowledge of how that will change over time. That measure is especially useful in safety determination, mission planning, and maintenance scheduling. The developed testbed will be used to validate prediction algorithms for the real-time safety monitoring of the National Airspace System (NAS) and the prediction of unsafe events. The framework injects flight related anomalies related to ground systems, routing, airport congestion, etc. to test and verify algorithms for NAS safety. In our research work, we develop a live, distributed, hardware-in-the-loop testbed for aviation and airspace prognostics along with exploring further research possibilities to verify and validate future algorithms for NAS safety. The testbed integrates virtual aircraft using the X-Plane simulator and X-PlaneConnect toolbox, UAVs using onboard sensors and cellular communications, and hardware in the loop components. In addition, the testbed includes an additional research framework to support and simplify future research activities. It enables safe, accurate, and inexpensive experimentation and research into airspace and vehicle prognosis that would not have been possible otherwise. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of this system. Software reliability, safety and latency are some of the critical design considerations in development of the testbed. Integration of HITL elements in the development phases and veri cation/ validation are key elements to this report.

HITL↗
NASA NTRS1993

Scattering calculations and confining interactions

Most of the research work performed under this grant were concerned with strong interaction processes ranging from kaon-nucleon interaction to proton-nucleus scattering calculations. Research performed under this grant can be categorized into three groups: (1) parametrization of fundamental interactions, (2) development of formal theory, and (3) calculations based upon the first two. Parametrizations of certain fundamental interactions, such as kaon-nucleon interaction, for example, were necessary because kaon-nucleon scattering amplitude was needed to perform kaon-nucleus scattering calculations. It was possible to calculate kaon-nucleon amplitudes from the first principle, but it was unnecessary for the purpose of the project. Similar work was also done for example for anti-protons and anti-nuclei. Formal developments to some extent were also pursued so that consistent calculations can be done.

Buck, Warren W.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Research on Bulk-metallic Glasses and High-entropy Alloys in Peter K. Liaw’s Group and with His Colleagues

Bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) and high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of metallic materials research for several decades due to their extraordinary properties. Many scientists and researchers have significantly contributed to developing new classes of metallic alloys, such as BMGs and HEAs, for various applications. Liaw’s group and his colleagues have focused on the fundamental understanding of unique features, structures, and properties in BMGs and HEAs as well as the development of new types of metallic materials. Here, we summarized the research work of Liaw’s group and his colleagues by reviewing relevant papers. The goal is to provide an understanding of the current research progression in BMGs and HEAs while further encouraging young and junior researchers to be involved in the field of structural materials research pertaining to these classes of exotic alloy systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1994

Workshop on Computational Turbulence Modeling

The purpose of this meeting was to discuss the current status and future development of turbulence modeling in computational fluid dynamics for aerospace propulsion systems. Various turbulence models have been developed and applied to different turbulent flows over the past several decades and it is becoming more and more urgent to assess their performance in various complex situations. In order to help users in selecting and implementing appropriate models in their engineering calculations, it is important to identify the capabilities as well as the deficiencies of these models. This also benefits turbulence modelers by permitting them to further improve upon the existing models. This workshop was designed for exchanging ideas and enhancing collaboration between different groups in the Lewis community who are using turbulence models in propulsion related CFD. In this respect this workshop will help the Lewis goal of excelling in propulsion related research. This meeting had seven sessions for presentations and one panel discussion over a period of two days. Each presentation session was assigned to one or two branches (or groups) to present their turbulence related research work. Each group was asked to address at least the following points: current status of turbulence model applications and developments in the research; progress and existing problems; and requests about turbulence modeling. The panel discussion session was designed for organizing committee members to answer management and technical questions from the audience and to make concluding remarks.

Shabbir, A.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Developing Open-Source Training Materials for AI/ML and Space Biological Sciences Using NASA Cloud-Based Data

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has gained significant traction in the biological and biomedical research fields in the last two decades, in part thanks to an increasing culture of open data sharing and reuse. Due to its capability for identifying complex relationships and patterns, AI/ML methodology is particularly well suited to recognize and predict biological patterns from high-dimensional next-generation sequencing data (e.g. whole genome sequencing, transcriptomic sequencing), as well as from biological or medical imaging data (e.g. microscopy, computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, radiography). These methodologies hold particular promise for space biosciences research and automated space health monitoring systems. However, there are many key considerations for properly training, validating, and testing a machine learning model in biological research or clinical application. Even with the positive culture of Open Science and data sharing, inexperienced researchers working quickly without proper checks can produce models that perform poorly outside of the immediate training dataset. Lessons learned from biological AI/ML research indicate that Open Science principles such as data sharing and open-source code must go hand-in-hand with publicly available, high-quality training curricula in best practices, with modules centered on real-life scientific use cases and data so future AI/ML practitioners gain experience on real problems. Here we present the development of open-source training materials for AI/ML and space biosciences, as part of the NASA Transform to Open Science Training (TOPST) initiative. We develop 4 independent training programs, focused on the following topics: 1) Fundamentals of Machine Learning and Space Biosciences Domain, 2) Open Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Ethical Best Practices for Data Sharing and Analysis, 3) Using AI/ML Classification to Identify Gene Networks Affected By Space Exposure in Mouse Liver, and 4) Using Neural Networks to Find DNA Damage Patterns in Immune Cells after Radiation. All programs leverage cloud-based NASA biological datasets. The curriculum we present will enable worldwide access to training in AI/ML and scientific analysis.

James Andrew Casaletto↗