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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Methods and recommendations for large-scale deflagration testing of battery energy storage system enclosures

UL Solutions produced this report as a summary of a test series executed at Sandia National Laboratories that they funded. This report was approved for release by UL Solutions in October 2025 and released in 2026 on their website at https://www.ul.com/insights/methods-and-recommendations-large-scale-deflagration-testing-battery-energy-storage-system.

Gaudet, Benjamin [UL Solutions] (ORCID:00090006419↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Combined Day-ahead and Real-time approach for Scheduling Real and Reactive power dispatch of Battery Energy Storage System

A combined day-ahead (look-ahead) and real-time optimization approach is proposed to schedule BESS real and reactive power dispatch. The look ahead scheduling agent maximizes profit and essentially performs the function of energy arbitrage by looking at forecasted prices, network constraints and BESS operating conditions to generate real power dispatch schedule. While this schedule is followed, the real time optimization agent computes an optimum reactive power set-point (for a particular objective function) using optimal power flow framework. The concepts are implemented by co-simulating legacy tools and demonstrated on a large real world distribution system. In addition to the profits from energy arbitrage, optimum reactive power set point computation results in achieving desirable network attributes like flat voltage profiles and minimizing voltage deviations from desired value.

Bhatti, Bilal A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multi-fluid, earth battery energy systems and methods

The present disclosure relates to a method for storing excess energy from at least one energy producing source, as thermal energy, using an existing geologic formation. First and second storage zones formed in a geologic region may be used to store high temperature and medium high temperature brine. When excess energy is available from the energy producing source, a quantity of the medium high temperature brine is withdrawn and heated using the energy supplied by the energy source to form a first new quantity of high temperature brine, which is then injected back into the first storage zone. This forces a quantity of medium high temperature brine present in the first storage zone into the second storage zone, to maintain a desired quantity of high temperature brine in the first storage zone and a desired quantity of medium high temperature brine in the second storage zone.

Buscheck, Thomas A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-fluid, earth battery energy systems and methods

The present disclosure relates to a system for storing and time shifting at least one of excess electrical power from an electrical power grid, excess electrical power from the power plant itself, or heat from a heat generating source, in the form of pressure and heat, for future use in assisting with a production of electricity. An oxy-combustion furnace is powered by a combustible fuel source, plus excess electricity, during a charge operation to heat a reservoir system containing a quantity of a thermal storage medium. During a discharge operation, a discharge subsystem has a heat exchanger which receives heated CO 2 from the reservoir system and uses this to heat a quantity of high-pressure, supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) to form very-high-temperature, high-pressure sCO 2 at a first output thereof. The very-high-temperature, high-pressure sCO 2 is used to drive a Brayton-cycle turbine, which generates electricity at a first output thereof for transmission to a power grid. The Brayton-cycle turbine also outputs a quantity of sCO 2 which is reduced in temperature and pressure to a heat recuperator subsystem. The heat recuperator subsystem circulates the sCO 2 and re-heats and re-pressurizes the sCO 2 before feeding it back to the heat exchanger to be even further reheated, and then output to the Brayton-cycle turbine as a new quantity of very-high-temperature, high-pressure sCO 2 , to assist in powering the Brayton-cycle turbine.

Buschek, Thomas A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Beyond Price-Taker: Multiscale Optimization of Wind and Battery Integrated Energy Systems

Integrating renewable energy into the electric grid is challenging due to the intermittency and variability of wind and other non-dispatchable resources. Integrated energy systems (IESs) combine multiple energy technologies (e.g., fossil, nuclear, renewables, storage) to reduce costs and improve flexibility and reliability. However, standard techno-economic analysis (TEA) methods often overestimate the benefits of IESs because they fail to account for energy market adjustments. This paper systematically studies the limitations of the prevailing price-taker assumption for TEA and optimization of hybrid energy systems. As an illustrative case study, we retrofit an existing wind farm in the RTS-GMLC test system (which loosely mimics the Southwest U.S.) with battery energy storage to form an IES. We show that the standard price-taker model overestimates the electricity revenue and the net present value (NPV) of the IES up to 178% and 30.4%, respectively, compared to our more rigorous multiscale optimization. These differences arise because introducing storage creates a more flexible resource that impacts the larger wholesale electricity market. Moreover, this work highlights the impact of the IES has on the market via various strategic bidding, and underscores the importance of moving beyond price-taker for optimal storage sizing and TEA of IESs. We conclude by discussing opportunities to generalize the proposed framework to other IESs, and highlight emerging research questions regarding the complex interactions between IESs and markets.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗