Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Jet fuel heating system”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

1,625 records · Page 61
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Tetrel Bond-Mediated Photophysical Modulation and Fluoride Recognition in Carbazole-Organosilanes

Silicon-centered orbitals are typically regarded as electronically inert in donor–acceptor systems. Here, we show that silole-based carbazole–silane architectures can render these orbitals electronically relevant, enabling modulation of excited-state behavior and anion-responsive photophysics. Two carbazole–Dipp–silanes exhibit identical carbazole-localized LE singlet emission in solution yet diverge markedly in the solid state: one compound displays a broad long-wavelength emission band in the prompt spectrum and enhanced long-lived emission consistent with a triplet-derived excited state, likely arising from a combination of intramolecular structural locking and solid-state packing effects, whereas the more flexible analogue remains predominantly LE-emissive. Fluoride coordination further differentiates the two systems, producing ratiometric red-shifted emission in one case and fluorescence quenching in the other through a fully reversible coordination process. These results identify σ*(Si–Ar) orbitals as tunable contributors to excited-state landscapes in organosilane luminophores and suggest a broader design strategy for controlling excited-state behavior in tetrel-based photofunctional systems.

Haque, Md Hasanul↗
NASA NTRS1992

Design of A CVD Reactor for the Deposition of Diamond in A Microgravity Environment

There is a growing body of theoretical and experimental evidence suggesting that the uniformity, rate, adhesion, quality, and other key properties of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond coatings are influenced by the gas mixing kinetics in the thermal plasma environment of the reaction chamber. The implementation of, for example, Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPECVD) process in microgravity has, thus, been suggested. Such a diamond deposition system, which overcomes the limitations of present systems and which is distiguishable from them by the use of high pressure MPECVD and recirculation of the would be effluent hydrogen and carbon, is described. Given the key fact that there is nothing in the effluent of the MPECVD process that is truly a byproduct or 'waste', the system can, at least in principle, lend itself to being closed loop yet dynamic. The exhaust contains hydrogen and carbon species which can be recirculated to the plasma reactor, that is, since there are no unusable reaction byproducts, the effluent can be fed back to the reaction chamber with no detriment, thus allowing deployment in a microgravity environment.

M L Languell↗
DOE OSTI2026

Security Constrained Economic Optimization of Photovoltaic and Other Distributed Assets

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), especially photovoltaic (PV) systems, has introduced new complexities in maintaining grid reliability, stability, and cost-effective operation. This project addresses these challenges by developing and demonstrating a scalable GridOS Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS) that enables secure, real-time optimization and control of DERs at the distribution feeder level.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Adapter Signaling Evaluations on EVs [Slides]

In case J3400 and J3400/1 define a basic analog signaling approach for DC charging adapters to communicate over-temperature events to both the EV and EVSE. They also require the EV to implement mitigation and corrective actions in cases where the EVSE does not respond to adapter thermal signals. In this study, multiple production vehicles were evaluated for responsiveness to assess field readiness and ensure consistent performance in accordance with the SAE J1772, J3400 and J3400/1 standards. A series of test cases were developed and executed across different vehicles, using an adapter thermal breakout fixture designed by NLR for evaluations. The results revealed notable variations in behavior: some vehicles expected to comply with J1772 were found to be non-responsive under certain conditions. Additionally, while some EV OEMs appear to align with the J3400 standard, discrepancies exist due to its evolving nature, resulting in inconsistent implementation of the latest requirements. These findings highlight the need for alignment within standards organizations to ensure consistent interpretation, encourage compliance, and reduce potential confusion across implementations.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Coordinated Natural Gas and Electric Planning: Case Studies of Current Approaches and Practices

This paper examines how natural gas and electric utilities across eight U.S. states and two Canadian provinces are beginning to coordinate historically separate planning processes in response to growing system interdependencies, policy mandates, aging infrastructure, and changing customer energy choices. Electricity planning has long relied on robust integrated resource planning frameworks that weigh numerous objectives, risks, and costs. Natural gas planning, on the other hand, is typically less transparent and more narrowly focused on safety and system integrity. As economic, reliability, and policy drivers place new and shared demands on both systems, jurisdictions and utilities are experimenting with approaches such as coordinated forecasting, non pipeline alternatives, and combined planning pilots. A few have issued regulatory or statutory directives for greater data sharing and methodological alignment. Case studies from British Columbia, California, Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Québec, Rhode Island, and Washington illustrate a wide range of approaches to rethinking siloed planning. The paper identifies several common themes across the jurisdictions examined. It provides observations on the methods, processes, and organizational steps that may be needed in the future to address the challenges being faced by states and utilities. Lastly, it identifies some initial steps that states and utilities can consider if they would like to pursue more integrated, cost-effective, policy-aligned energy system planning.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2026

An Automated Probabilistic Asteroid Prediscovery Pipeline

We present an automated and probabilistic method to make prediscovery detections of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) in archival survey images, with the goal of reducing orbital uncertainty immediately after discovery. We refit the Minor Planet Center's astrometry and propagate the full six-parameter covariance to survey epochs to define search regions. We build low-threshold source catalogs for viable images and evaluate every detected source in a search region as a candidate prediscovery. We eliminate false positives by refitting a new orbit to each candidate and probabilistically linking detections across images using a likelihood ratio. Applied to the Zwicky Transient Facility's (ZTF) imaging, we identify approximately 3000 recently discovered NEAs with prediscovery potential, including a doubling of the observational arc for about 500. We use archival ZTF imaging to make prediscovery detections of the potentially hazardous asteroid 2021 DG1, extending its arc by 2.5 yr and reducing future apparition sky plane uncertainty from many degrees to arcseconds. We also recover 2025 FU24 nearly 7 yr before its first known observation, when its sky plane uncertainty covers hundreds of square degrees across thousands of ZTF images. The method is survey agnostic and scalable, enabling rapid orbit refinement for new discoveries from Rubin, NEO Surveyor, and NEOMIR.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2026

The Hyperspectral Microwave Photonic Instrument (HyMPI) and its NEDT Performance

This work presents an overview of a hyperspectral microwave-photonic spectrometer and demonstrates the system end-to-end noise equivalent delta temperature (NEDT) performance. The system aims at augmenting the remote sensing capability from space, with a focus on the Earth’s planetary boundary layer (PBL) thermal microwave (MW) spectral region (0-200 GHz). Combining a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) channelizer and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) spectrometer, the PIC & ASIC (PICASIC) module is capable of processing 40 GHz spectra at hyperspectral (4 MHz) resolution. The photonic technology is agnostic to the spectral region and multiple photonic modules can cover the entire 200 GHz spectrum. Measured results of the end-to-end system NEDT agree with predicted values confirming that the NEDT is primarily dominated by the noise figure of the MW front-end, with the optical link adding no significant noise. The data also demonstrate that a single module enables simultaneous super- and hyper-spectral resolution channel analysis across a 40 GHz range.

spectrometer↗
NASA NTRS2026

A Summary of Test and Analysis Results from a Second Lift+Cruise Full-Scale Drop Test

The realization of advanced air mobility markets is enabling new forms of transportation to take shape in the United States and around the world. Though currently in development, as these markets mature, new types of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles have been undergoing development for use. There are many factors which must be addressed prior to these types of vehicles becoming viable alternative forms of transportation in these markets. These factors include incorporation into the existing airspaces, the logistics of operating in urban environments, along with numerous factors associated with safety and reliability. To address some of the safety aspects associated with the development of these new types of vehicles, NASA has been conducting research into the performance of an example electric VTOL (eVTOL) aircraft as a part of the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) project. Over the course of this research, many aspects including the development of energy absorbing components, the evaluation of seating systems, the development of advanced finite element material model systems and the acquisition of full-scale vehicle impact data were investigated. The report will discuss aspects related to the acquisition of full-scale vehicle data which occurred in the form of a full-scale impact test conducted in the Summer of 2025. This test was on a NASA designed Lift+Cruise composite cabin test article and represented a partial capstone in the entirety of previous eVTOL research conducted for the project. In this test, a variety of experiments were included in order to investigate the effect of a full-scale environment on the experiment results. In parallel, the development of a computational impact model to simulate the full-scale test will be discussed in this report. A model of the Lift+Cruise test article was developed utilizing data collected from previous sub- and full-scale test data and then simulated in the current test environment. The model development, its use in pre-test predictions, and its use in post-test correlation will all be presented. This report will present the test data acquired from the Lift+Cruise test and document several of the results obtained. One intended result is to determine the effect of a complex full-scale crash impact on the identification of occupant injury risk within seat and vehicle designs. A second intended result is to determine whether high-fidelity models can be used with some confidence in the prediction of test events and can allow for additional test cases to be simulated without the need of having to conduct additional tests. The overall goal of the test is to provide the community with data that can be used for design, development or certification efforts, along with providing data on what an example eVTOL crash incident could entail.

energy storage systems↗
DOE OSTI2026

Achieving 20.1% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells Through Interconnected Fibrillar Networks via Local Molecular Stacking

ABSTRACT The performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) is governed by how molecular packing evolves into interconnected networks that facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport. Using an all‐small‐molecule blend DR3TSBDT:Y6 as a model system, we study how local molecular stacking evolves into performance‐relevant morphology during solvent vapor annealing (SVA) and subsequent thermal annealing (TA). SVA promotes end‐to‐end stacking of amorphous acceptors to form interconnected fibrils, while TA compacts inter‐fibril spacing without disrupting favorable local order. Such molecular‐to‐morphological refinements broaden light absorption, enhance charge transport, and markedly improve device efficiency. Extending this approach to additional blend systems (D18:Y6, D18:L8‐BO, and DR3TSBDT:L8‐BO) yields similar structural evolution and performance gains, with the D18:L8‐BO system achieving up to 20.10% PCE. Our study establishes control over local stacking in amorphous acceptors into fibrillar networks as a general and effective route to realize high‐performance OSCs.

Wu, Junying↗
DOE OSTI2026

Two-dimensional non-equilibrium melting of charged colloids

Thermodynamic two-dimensional melting has been extensively studied in experiments and simulations, and is well predicted by theory. For systems in equilibrium, this transition is well described by the Kosterlitz–Thouless–Halperin–Nelson–Young theory, where melting is directly linked to the unbinding of topological defects. For driven, non-equilibrium melting and other non-equilibrium phase transitions, the picture is less clear. Here, in this work, we study the two-dimensional melting of a crystal of charged colloids. By randomly replacing some charged colloids with magnetic colloids, we can melt our system by rotating a fraction of the particles to create non-equilibrium, hydrodynamic random flows and local stresses. We can also melt it thermally by changing the particle number density. We find that an effective temperature approach cannot explain the results of our driven system. Rather, in both experiments and simulations, we observe that plotting the hexatic order parameter and the hexatic correlation’s exponent versus the density of disclinations and dislocations, respectively, yields universal curves. This implies that in our systems, two-dimensional melting depends directly on the density of topological defects and is independent of whether thermal or non-equilibrium forces generate them.

critical phenomena↗
NASA NTRS1993

Marshall Space Flight Center battery activity

The topics covered are presented in viewgraph form and include a flight program history and in-house activities. Some of the in-house activities addressed include secondary battery/cell testing and Hubble Space Telescope Test data updates involving the NiCd type 40 test - battery 1 and 2, the NiCd type 41 test battery, the general electric battery, the NiCd six-battery system, the six four-cell packs, fourteen-cell pack, three four-cell packs, the NiH2 six-battery system, and the flight spare battery. A general test data update is also presented for the twelve-cell pack, the four four-cell packs, the reconditioning test, and planned Ni-MH testing.

Lowery, Eric↗
DOE OSTI2022

Lithium-Ion Battery Design for Grid-Scale Energy Storage App

A software that delivers parameters from energy storage system (ESS) to container, rack, module and single cell design, as well as data analysis on arbitrage energy and frequency regulation of ESS in different regions, has been developed. The Lithium-ion Battery Design for Grid-scale Energy Storage App V1.0 has the capability to output the system, module and cell design with the energy, power, capacity, group method, cost of single cell, and single cell test protocol which break down from input energy storage system data in different regions. The default chemistry of the battery is LiFePO4 and graphite. The energy density of the graphite/LiFePO 4 pouch cell ranges from 100 Wh/kg to 200 Wh/Kg in the software. Graphite/LiFePO 4 pouch cell (up to 1Ah in lab) manufacturing line is also built and can be used to evaluate the test protocol, moreover, for electrolyte evaluation in other ESMI seedling projects. The software enables rapid prototyping to accelerate energy storage research, development, and manufacturing.

Liu, Dianying [Pacific Northwest National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2026

Sparse non-Markovian Noise Modeling of Transmon-Based Multi-Qubit Operations

The influence of noise on quantum dynamics is one of the main factors preventing current quantum processors from performing accurate quantum computations. Sufficient noise characterization and modeling can provide key insights into the effect of noise on quantum algorithms and inform the design of targeted error protection protocols. However, constructing effective noise models that are sparse in model parameters, yet predictive can be challenging. In this work, we present an approach for effective noise modeling of multi-qubit operations on transmon-based devices. Through a comprehensive characterization of seven devices offered by the IBM Quantum Platform, we show that the model can capture and predict a wide range of single- and two-qubit behaviors, including non-Markovian effects resulting from spatiotemporally correlated noise sources. The model’s predictive power is further highlighted through multi-qubit dynamical decoupling demonstrations and an implementation of the variational quantum eigensolver. As a training proxy for the hardware, we show that the model can predict expectation values within a relative error of 0.5%; this is a sevenfold improvement over default hardware noise models. Through these demonstrations, we highlight key error sources in superconducting qubits and illustrate the utility of reduced noise models for predicting hardware dynamics.

open quantum systems & decoherence↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electric‐Field‐Driven Reversal of Ferromagnetism in (110)‐Oriented, Single Phase, Multiferroic Co‐Substituted BiFeO 3 Thin Films

Abstract While multiferroic materials are attractive systems for the promise of ultra‐low‐power‐consumption computational technologies, electric‐field‐induced magnetization reversal is a key challenge for realizing devices at scale. Though significant research efforts have been working toward the realization of a material which couples ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, there are few, even composite, systems which are practical for device scale applications at room temperature. Co‐substituted multiferroic BiFe 0.9 Co 0.1 O 3 is a promising candidate system, due to coupled ferroelectricity and weak ferromagnetism at room temperature. Here, it is theoretically indicated that the ferroic orders in this material are statically coupled, where an in‐plane 109° ferroelectric switching event can result in the reversal of this out‐of‐plane component of magnetization, and the electric field‐induced magnetization reversal is experimentally observed. Such an in‐plane poling configuration is particularly desirable for device applications.

Chemistry↗
NASA NTRS1958

Survey of Supersonic Inlets for High Mach Number Applications

The various inlet design philosophies are assessed on the basis of recent experimental results obtained at Mach numbers up to 5. The basic compression systems (external, internal, and combined external-plus-internal) are compared for both Mach 4.0 turbojet and hypersonic-cruise ramjet engines. The inlet that appears best suited for the Mach 4.0 turbojet application is that with combined external-plus-internal compression. Because of the severe cooling and weight problems associated with variable geometry at hypersonic flight speeds, the fixed-geometry self-starting characteristics of external-compression systems may be the overriding factor in the selection of an inlet for the hypersonic-cruise ramjet.

James F Connors↗
NASA NTRS1983

Battery charge control with temperature compensated voltage limit

Battery charge control for orbiting spacecraft with mission durations from three to ten years, is a critical design feature that is discussed. Starting in 1974, the General Electric Space Systems Division designed, manufactured and tested battery systems for six different space programs. Three of these are geosynchronous missions, two are medium altitude missions and one is a near-earth mission. All six power subsystems contain nickel cadmium batteries which are charged using a temperature compensated voltage limit. This charging method was found to be successful in extending the life of nickel cadmium batteries in all three types of earth orbits. Test data and flight data are presented for each type of orbit.

Thierfelder, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Safety considerations for fabricating lithium battery packs

Lithium cell safety is a major issue with both manufacturers and end users. Most manufacturers have taken great strides to develop the safest cells possible while still maintaining performance characteristics. The combining of lithium cells for higher voltages, currents, and capacities requires the fabricator of lithium battery packs to be knowledgable about the specific electrochemical system being used. Relatively high rate, spirally wound (large surface area) sulfur oxychloride cells systems, such as Li/Thionyl or Sulfuryl chloride are considered. Prior to the start of a design of a battery pack, a review of the characterization studies for the cells should be conducted. The approach for fabricating a battery pack might vary with cell size.

Ciesla, J. J.↗
DOE OSTI2026

UNIFI Specifications for Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Resources: Version 3

The UNiversal Interoperability for grid-Forming Inverters (UNIFI) Consortium addresses fundamental challenges facing the integration of grid-forming (GFM) inverters in electric grids alongside rotating machines and other inverter-based resources (IBRs). This document defines a set of UNIFI specifications for GFM IBRs that provides requirements from both a power system level as well as functional requirements at the inverter level that are intended to provide means for the vendor-agnostic operation of GFM IBRs at any scale in electric power systems.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗