A computer program for the mixed analysis of variance model based on maximum likelihood
Computer program for mixed analysis of variance model based on maximum likelihood
Hartley, H. O.↗
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Burner liner thermal/structural load modelling
The objective of this program is to develop a thermal data transfer computer program module for the Burner Liner Thermal-Structural Load Modelling Program. This will be accomplished by reviewing existing methodologies for thermal data transfer and selecting three heat transfer codes for application in this program, evaluating the selected codes to establish criteria for developing a computer program module to transfer thermal data from the heat transfer codes to selected stress analysis codes, developing the automated thermal load transfer module, and verifying and documenting the module. The overall objectives of this thermal transfer module are that it handle independent mesh configurations, perform the transfer in an accurate and efficient fashion and that the total system be flexible for future improvements.
Maffeo, R. J.↗
Method of Test for Evaluating Building Performance Simulation Software
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140 Method of Test for Evaluating Building Performance Simulation Software specifies the method to test the core competency of building performance simulation (BPS) software, a broad class of software which includes building energy modeling (BEM) software. Standard 140 has been widely used by BEM software vendors to help diagnose and compare the results from the program with other modeling programs. The Standard is also referenced by codes, standards, government programs, and other incentive programs as a part of minimum requirements for qualifying BEM software. The explanatory information, summary tables and figures in this 140 User’s Manual (referred to as “this Manual”) are provided to help users in implementing various suites of tests specified in Standard 140-2023 (referred to in this manual as “Standard 140” or “the Standard”).
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Influence of Coronal Abundance Variations
During the final year of this program we concentrated on understanding the how to constrain the models with the best available observations. Work on developing accurate temperature and density diagnostics fkom TRACE and CDS together with constrained fits of non-potential force free fields will be extremely useful in the guiding the next generation of coronal models. The program has produced three fully operation numerical codes that model multi-species of ions in coronal loops: Static models and constant flow models. The time dependent numerical models have not been completed. We have extended the steady flow investigations to study the effect these flows have on coronal structure as observed with TRACE. Coronal observations derive from heavy-ion emission; thus, we focus on the extent to which flow may modify coronal abundances by examining the heavy-ion abundance stratification within long-lived loops. We discuss the magnitudes of the physical effects modeled and compare simulated results with TRACE observations. These results can have a profound effect on the interpretation of TRACE observations.
Gurman, Joseph↗
A Multi-Model, Multi-Scale Research Program in Stressors, Responses, and Coupled Systems Dynamics at the Energy-Water-Land Nexus and for Concentrated, Interdependent Infrastructures: Toward Next Generation Capabilities in Integrated Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (I-IAV) Modeling and a Community of Practice
The goal of this research program was to build a next generation integrated suite of science-driven modeling and analytic capabilities, and a more expanded and connected community of practice, for analyses of the stressors, impacts, adaptations and vulnerabilities of global and regional change. The emphasis was on understanding energy-water-land interactions and feedbacks and interdependent infrastructures at appropriate regional and temporal scales. Although the scope spans many complex facets of data, modeling, and analysis, as well as scales appropriate for integrated impacts and adaptation research, the focus of this effort was the development of multi-model, multi-scale capabilities spanning the domains of Multi-Sector Dynamics (MSD) models; Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (IAV) models; and Earth System Models (ESMs).
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Gravity and magnetic anomaly modeling and correlation using the SPHERE program and Magsat data
The spherical Earth inversion, modeling, and contouring software were tested and modified for processing data in the Southern Hemisphere. Preliminary geologic/tectonic maps and selected cross sections for South and Central America and the Caribbean region are being compiled and as well as gravity and magnetic models for the major geological features of the area. A preliminary gravity model of the Andeas Beniff Zone was constructed so that the density columns east and west of the subducted plates are in approximate isostatic equilibrium. The magnetic anomaly for the corresponding magnetic model of the zone is being computed with the SPHERE program. A test tape containing global magnetic measurements was converted to a tape compatible with Purdue's CDC system. NOO data were screened for periods of high diurnal activity and reduced to anomaly form using the IGS-75 model. Magnetic intensity anomaly profiles were plotted on the conterminous U.S. map using the track lines as the anomaly base level. The transcontinental magnetic high seen in POGO and MAGSAT data is also represented in the NOO data.
Braile, L. W.↗
RODeO (Revenue Operation and Device Optimization Model) [SWR 20-67]
The Revenue, Operation, and Device Optimization (RODeO) model explores optimal system design and operation considering different levels of grid integration, equipment cost, operating limitations, financing, and credits and incentives. RODeO is a price-taker model formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model in the GAMS modeling platform. The objective is to maximizes the net revenue for a collection of equipment at a given site. The equipment includes generators (e.g., gas turbine, steam turbine, solar, wind, hydro, fuel cells, etc.), storage systems (batteries, pumped hydro, gas-fired compressed air energy storage, long-duration systems, hydrogen), and flexible loads (e.g., electric vehicles, electrolyzers, flexible building loads). The input data required by RODeO can be classified into three bins: 1) utility service data, which refers to retail utility rate information (meter cost, energy and demand charges), 2) electricity market data, which include energy and reserve prices, 3) other inputs, which refer to additional electrical demand, product output demand, technological assumptions, financial properties, and operational parameters.
Guerra Fernandez, Omar Jose↗
Transactive System Program Communication System Cost Model
Transactive energy is an economics and controls technique that aims to dynamically manage the generation and consumption of electricity within the power system. Much research has been done in the area of demonstrating the capability and performance of transactive systems, as well as valuing the benefits a transactive system can provide. Significantly less research has been done in the area of estimating the costs of a transactive system. This work aimed to build a model that would estimate the costs of the communications system that would be necessary to support a transactive system and be realized by a local utility. Dynamic pricing, and a customer’s response to this pricing, is a key aspect of a transactive system; this would require a two-way communication system between utilities and customers. Since the system will vary based on many factors, the cost model was consequently designed for use in a wide variety of applications. The cost model requires some basic user inputs regarding the system being analyzed, such as location and size. The user also identifies one or more generic circuit models that best represent the system. Additionally, a user can, but is not required to, change assumed equipment and installation costs and equipment lifetime within the model. These inputs will result in 20 year cost estimates for three different communication technologies that are capable of supporting the bandwidth needs of a transactive energy system. The three communication systems included in the model are cellular, fiber optic and wireless mesh. Each vary significantly from one another and offer unique advantages and barriers. A cellular network avoids high upfront costs, but is limited to areas where there is coverage by the service provider and subject to the ongoing rate established with the service provider. A fiber optic system requires a large up-front cost, but it will provide a reliable system to areas where cellular and mesh may be unable to do so. Additionally, fiber provides more bandwidth than necessary for transactive systems and can offer additional business opportunities. A mesh system can be installed for less upfront costs than fiber and offers enough bandwidth to support a transactive system, but the ability to model this technology is done with less certainty than the other two options. The estimated costs include the communication system that connects the customers to their nearest substation, in addition to the smart meter and radio that would be required for each customer. The communications from the substation to the utility are not included in estimates, as the need for upgrading that system would be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Although the cost of the smart meter and radio is included, no other appliance specific cost is included in the estimate provided by the model. The communication system is a key aspect of the development of a transactive system. This work resulted in easily being able to estimate the costs of a communication system specific to the system being studied. This cost model will aid ongoing valuation and simulation work in the field of transactive energy.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Mixed-integer Programming Representations of Linear Model Decision Tree Surrogates
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Ammari, Bashar↗
Apollo spacecraft systems analysis program. Preliminary LR reflectivity model
Preliminary lunar reflectivity graphs
Dickerson, E. T.↗
High tip speed fan inlet noise reduction using treated inlet splitters and accelerating inlets (quiet engine program fan C scale model)
A series of inlet suppression tests were run on a supersonic tip speed fan which employed an acoustically treated cowl wall, treated splitters and elevated average throat Mach numbers in various combinations. Results show appreciable fan noise reductions at high fan speeds; 15-18 PNdB. On the basis of inlet total pressure recovery loss per PNdb of noise reduction, an inlet with no splitters produced the most efficient design. However, greater reduction in noise was achieved with one splitter in the inlet. It was also noted that moderate increases in inlet Mach number increased noise in the acoustically treated inlets and that Mach numbers in excess of 0.65 were required before net noise reduction was realized.
Kazin, S. B.↗
USDA Application Test System (ATS) session: Resource modelling, a reality for program cost analysis
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Fouts, L.↗
A system safety model for developmental aircraft programs
Basic tenets of safety as applied to developmental aircraft programs are presented. The integration of safety into the project management aspects of planning, organizing, directing and controlling is illustrated by examples. The basis for project management use of safety and the relationship of these management functions to 'real-world' situations is presented. The rationale which led to the safety-related project decision and the lessons learned as they may apply to future projects are presented.
Amberboy, E. J.↗
UH-60A Black Hawk engineering simulation program. Volume 1: Mathematical model
A nonlinear mathematical model of the UR-60A Black Hawk helicopter was developed. This mathematical model, which was based on the Sikorsky General Helicopter (Gen Hel) Flight Dynamics Simulation, provides NASA with an engineering simulation for performance and handling qualities evaluations. This mathematical model is total systems definition of the Black Hawk helicopter represented at a uniform level of sophistication considered necessary for handling qualities evaluations. The model is a total force, large angle representation in six rigid body degrees of freedom. Rotor blade flapping, lagging, and hub rotational degrees of freedom are also represented. In addition to the basic helicopter modules, supportive modules were defined for the landing interface, power unit, ground effects, and gust penetration. Information defining the cockpit environment relevant to pilot in the loop simulation is presented.
Howlett, J. J.↗
Modelling high data rate communication network access protocol
Modeling of high data rate communication systems is different from the low data rate systems. Three simulations were built during the development phase of Carrier Sensed Multiple Access/Ring Network (CSMA/RN) modeling. The first was a model using SIMCRIPT based upon the determination and processing of each event at each node. The second simulation was developed in C based upon isolating the distinct object that can be identified as the ring, the message, the node, and the set of critical events. The third model further identified the basic network functionality by creating a single object, the node which includes the set of critical events which occur at the node. The ring structure is implicit in the node structure. This model was also built in C. Each model is discussed and their features compared. It should be stated that the language used was mainly selected by the model developer because of his past familiarity. Further the models were not built with the intent to compare either structure or language but because the complexity of the problem and initial results contained obvious errors, so alternative models were built to isolate, determine, and correct programming and modeling errors. The CSMA/RN protocol is discussed in sufficient detail to understand modeling complexities. Each model is described along with its features and problems. The models are compared and concluding observations and remarks are presented.
Khanna, S.↗
C-Language Integrated Production System, Version 5.1
CLIPS 5.1 provides cohesive software tool for handling wide variety of knowledge with support for three different programming paradigms: rule-based, object-oriented, and procedural. Rule-based programming provides representation of knowledge by use of heuristics. Object-oriented programming enables modeling of complex systems as modular components. Procedural programming enables CLIPS to represent knowledge in ways similar to those allowed in such languages as C, Pascal, Ada, and LISP. Working with CLIPS 5.1, one can develop expert-system software by use of rule-based programming only, object-oriented programming only, procedural programming only, or combinations of the three.
Riley, Gary↗
Simulation and model reduction for the AFW program
The simulation methodology used in the Active Flexible Wing wind-tunnel test program is described. An overview of the aeroservoelastic modeling used in building the required batch and hot-bench simulations is presented. Successful hot-bench implementation required that the full mathematical model be significantly reduced while assuring that accuracy be maintained for all combinations of 10 inputs and 56 outputs. The reduction was accomplished by using a method based on internally balanced realizations and focussing on the linear, aeroelastic portion of the full mathematical model. The error-bound properties of the internally balanced realization significantly contribute to its utility in the model reduction process. The reduction method and the results achieved are described.
Buttrill, Carey↗
ASTEC and MODEL: Controls software development at Goddard Space Flight Center
The ASTEC (Analysis and Simulation Tools for Engineering Controls) software is under development at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The design goal is to provide a wide selection of controls analysis tools at the personal computer level, as well as the capability to upload compute-intensive jobs to a mainframe or supercomputer. In the last three years the ASTEC (Analysis and Simulation Tools for Engineering Controls) software has been under development. ASTEC is meant to be an integrated collection of controls analysis tools for use at the desktop level. MODEL (Multi-Optimal Differential Equation Language) is a translator that converts programs written in the MODEL language to FORTRAN. An upgraded version of the MODEL program will be merged into ASTEC. MODEL has not been modified since 1981 and has not kept with changes in computers or user interface techniques. This paper describes the changes made to MODEL in order to make it useful in the 90's and how it relates to ASTEC.
Downing, John P.↗