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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Predicting solid state material platforms for quantum technologies
Semiconductor materials provide a compelling platform for quantum technologies (QT). However, identifying promising material hosts among the plethora of candidates is a major challenge. Therefore, we have developed a framework for the automated discovery of semiconductor platforms for QT using material informatics and machine learning methods. Different approaches were implemented to label data for training the supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms logistic regression, decision trees, random forests and gradient boosting. We find that an empirical approach relying exclusively on findings from the literature yields a clear separation between predicted suitable and unsuitable candidates. In contrast to expectations from the literature focusing on band gap and ionic character as important properties for QT compatibility, the ML methods highlight features related to symmetry and crystal structure, including bond length, orientation and radial distribution, as influential when predicting a material as suitable for QT.
Utilizing coal-derived solid carbon materials towards next-generation smart and multifunction pavements
This project focused on developing an eco-friendly, multifunctional pavement system, called Coal-Derived Carbon Enabled Smart Pavement (CDC-SP), using coal-derived materials. The system utilizes coal-derived pyrolyzed char as a key component to create electrically conductive asphalt concrete for smart pavements that offer self-heating, self-sensing, and self-healing capabilities. These functions are made possible by the conductive properties of coal-char, which enable Ohmic heating for snow and ice deicing, piezoresistivity for self-sensing, and induction heating for self-healing of cracks caused by stress or aging. The team successfully created CDC-SP samples with over 50% coal char composition, demonstrating desirable mechanical properties such as rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and cracking resistance. These samples also exhibited strong electrical and thermal conductivity, making them ideal for heating applications. Extensive tests confirmed the pavement’s effectiveness in melting ice and snow and maintaining durability under environmental conditions. The CDC-SP presents a promising approach to integrating U.S. domestic coal resources into infrastructure projects, providing environmental and economic benefits by enhancing pavement performance while utilizing low-cost coal-derived materials. Further research and compliance with industry standards are recommended before commercial scaling.
Mechanism of lubrication for solid carbon materials in vacuum to 10 super minus 9 millimeter of mercury.
Friction and wear of mechanical carbon sliding on metals in vacuum, examining effects of ambient pressure and various additives
Study of solid laser materials Final report
Eigenvalues for electron configurations of rare earth ions in yttrium-aluminum garnet by optically pumped lasers
Study of optical properties and collective oscillations in new solid-state materials as a function of temperature using infrared and Raman techniques Semiannual report, 1 Feb. - 31 Jul. 1968
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Development of high temperature materials for solid propellant rocket nozzle applications Quarterly progress report, 1 Jul. - 30 Sep. 1969
Refractory metal and graphite composite research for solid propellant rocket nozzle applications
Sputtering as a Technique for Applying Tribological Coatings
Friction and wear induced mechanical failures may be controlled to extend the life of tribological components through the interposition of selected solid materials between contacting surfaces. Thin solid films of soft and hard materials are appropriate to lower friction and enhance the wear resistance of precision tribo-elements. Thin film coating technologies that have been developed may be used to interpose thin solid layers between contacting surfaces to reduce friction or to extend wear life. Film deposition technologies developed include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). Sputter coating is a PVD process for thin film deposition. It allows close control of coating thickness and composition and is well-suited for the deposition of tribological coatings. In this paper, the utility of magnetron sputtering for the deposition of tribological coatings is examined. Experimental results obtained when coated bodies are tested under a number of tribological operating conditions are presented. It is shown that when film adhesion problems are resolved, sputtering can be an effective means of depositing tribological coatings.
Method and Device for Extraction of Liquids from a Solid Particle Material
A method, system, and device for separating oil from oil sands or oil shale is disclosed. The method includes heating the oil sands, spinning the heated oil sands, confining the sand particles mechanically, and recovering the oil substantially free of the sand. The method can be used without the addition of chemical extraction agents. The system includes a source of centrifugal force, a heat source, a separation device, and a recovery device. The separation device includes a method of confining the sands while allowing the oil to escape, such as through an aperture.
Monitoring Well Abandonment Completion Report for KARS Park1, Mobil Service Station, and Hypergol Maintenance Material North Solid Waste Management Units: 084, 093, and 090
The intended purpose of the Monitoring Well Abandonment project is to support the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Environmental Remediation Department’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Program by abandoning monitoring wells throughout KSC that have been identified and prioritized as locations that no longer serve usefulness to program. The monitoring wells were abandoned in accordance with the Brevard County Health Departments and St. Johns River Water Management Districts rules and guidelines.
Structural, Environmental and Mechanochemical Interactions in Solid Lubricant Material Systems.
Abstract not provided.
Self-Organized Stress Distributions in Polycrystalline Materials [Dissertation]
Understanding stress distributions in solid materials is complicated by the fact that most materials are polycrystalline in nature, with each crystal having an elastically anisotropic reaction to force. This study is to gain a better understanding on how external forces placed on a polycrystal are related to internal reactions within and between the grains. The hypothesis is that the stress distribution in porous to fully dense materials are self-organized based on strong contacts between and within the individual grains created by force chains. Force chains, commonly known in loaded granular materials, and could be the phenomenon that connect micro to macro deformation. Scale bridging measurements conducted through Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Digital Image Correlation will be used to create stress maps, modulus maps, and elastic strain maps across a variety of geological and pharmaceutical polycrystals. When possible, the resulting maps will be compared to current homogenization schemes and a full field models. Finite element modeling will be used to assess whether the patterning seen in the experimental map is a reasonable approximation based on the orientation data of the samples used. A minimum of three publications is projected to be accomplished focusing each on a different method to experimentally test and analyze stress distributions.
Bridging the Void: Halogen Bonding and Aromatic Interactions to Program Luminescence and Electronic Properties of π -Conjugated Materials in the Solid State
π-Conjugated materials are promising candidates for emerging organic optoelectronic devices empowered by molecular design. The unsolved challenges of predicting and controlling their packing as solids, central to their properties and performance, currently limits their practical application. As noncovalent interactions drive packing, control over such interactions are critical to bridging from chemical structure to functional properties. In molecular crystals, halogen bonding and interactions of aromatic rings have emerged as versatile tools for noncovalent control with tailored luminescence and electronic properties. Here, we describe how the interplay of these directional and tunable interactions can engineer properties, including stimuli-responsive behavior. Specifically, halogen bonding can provide robust designs for directing 2D molecular assembly, whereas the intentional interactions of aromatic rings can yield metastable, switchable packing modes, as well as programmed stacking between layers of chromophores. Examples, herein, demonstrate clear relationships between assembly by design and resulting solid-state properties, and strategies presented offer guidance for future designs of π-conjugated molecular materials using specific aromatic interactions and halogen bonding.
Preprocessing of municipal solid waste towards thermal insulating material
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the significant challenges in today’s world. A continuous surge in population, increasing living standards, and rapid urbanization are generating an enormous quantity of MSW. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that the total generation of MSW in the United States in 2018 was 292.4 million tons. Improper management of this MSW often leads to the release of greenhouse gases, emission of particulate matters, and formation of dioxins, which all ultimately contributes to climate change. Recycling these wastes via landfills with gas recovery and/or energy and material production via thermal and chemical conversions could be viable options to manage these challenges. Depending on the inherent chemical and structural properties of unrecycled wastes, the carbon structures can be tailored for processing and reuse in manufacturing of structural composites, building materials such as insulation, carbon dense reactant materials such as activated carbon, and so on. According to the EPA’s estimation, MSW in the United States is approximately 23% paper and paperboard, 12% plastics, 6% wood and 6% is textiles. Thus, this research focused on the feasibility of using the MSW as insulation material for the construction sector. The goal of this work was to determine the range of particle sizes, consolidation ratios, and component blends that can achieve insulation R-values within at least 70% that of traditional blown cellulose fiber. To achieve this goal, we designed the testing matrix based on five different component blends, three different particle sizes, and three different compaction level. An American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method (C-739) was used to measure the R-value of the insulation material. Results showed that, adding more paper component in addition to smaller particle size and loose compaction made the insulation similar to the traditional blown cellulose fiber insulation as the R-value was within a range of 2.5-3.0 per inch.
Life Cycle Analysis and Life Cycle Costing for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management and Materials Redeployment to Support ARPA-E’s Potential Program on Waste to Energy and Materials
Municipal solid waste infrastructure in the United States contains complex supply chains to transport, sort, and sequester waste. This project developed models to estimate the environmental and economic costs of waste infrastructure in the U.S. using data from several municipalities. Life cycle costing (LCC) models were developed for waste management relevant supply chain steps, including waste collection, sorting, landfilling, waste-to-energy, ash processing, and recycling. A waste-to-materials and energy (WTM&E) life cycle analysis (LCA) and LCC dashboard was developed in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and an LCC tool was developed for additional analysis.