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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71

Spaceflight optical disk recorder development

Mass memory systems based on rewriteable optical disk media are expected to play an important role in meeting the data system requirements for future NASA spaceflight missions. NASA has established a program to develop a high performance (high rate, large capacity) optical disk recorder focused on use aboard unmanned Earth orbiting platforms. An expandable, adaptable system concept is proposed based on disk drive modules and a modular controller. Drive performance goals are 10 gigabyte capacity, 300 megabit/s transfer rate, 10 exp -12 corrected bit error rate, and 150 millisec access time. This performance is achieved by writing eight data tracks in parallel on both sides of a 14 in. optical disk using two independent heads. System goals are 160 gigabyte capacity, 1.2 gigabits/s data rate with concurrent I/O, 250 millisec access time, and two to five year operating life on orbit. The system can be configured to meet various applications. This versatility is provided by the controller. The controller provides command processing, multiple drive synchronization, data buffering, basic file management, error processing, and status reporting. Technology developments, design concepts, current status including a computer model of the system and a Controller breadboard, and future plans for the Drive and Controller are presented.

Jurczyk, Stephen G.↗

Adaptive Spatially Aware I/O for Multiresolution Particle Data Layouts

Large-scale simulations on nonuniform particle distributions that evolve over time are widely used in cosmology, molecular dynamics, and engineering. Such data are often saved in an unstructured format that neither preserves spatial locality nor provides metadata for accelerating spatial or attribute subset queries, leading to poor performance of visualization tasks. Furthermore, the parallel I/O strategy used typically writes a file per process or a single shared file, neither of which is portable or scalable across different HPC systems. We present a portable technique for scalable, spatially aware adaptive aggregation that preserves spatial locality in the output. We evaluate our approach on two supercomputers, Stampede2 and Summit, and demonstrate that it outperforms prior approaches at scale, achieving up to 2.5× faster writes and reads for nonuniform distributions. Furthermore, the layout written by our method is directly suitable for visual analytics, supporting low-latency reads and attribute-based filtering with little overhead.

Usher, Will↗

SU-D-BRC-05: Effects of Motion and Variable RBE in a Lung Patient Treated with Passively Scattered Protons

Purpose: To evaluate effects of motion and variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in a lung cancer patient treated with passively scattered proton therapy using dose volume histograms associated with patient dose computed using three different methods. Methods: A proton treatment plan of a lung cancer patient optimized using clinical treatment planning system (TPS) was used to construct a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) model of the beam delivery system and the patient specific aperture and compensator. A phase space file containing all particles transported through the beam line was collected at the distal surface of the range compensator and subsequently transported through two different patient models. The first model was based on the average CT used by the TPS and the second model included all 10 phases of the corresponding 4DCT. The physical dose and proton linear energy transfer (LET) were computed in each voxel of two models and used to compute constant and variable RBE MC dose on average CT and 4D CT. The MC computed doses were compared to the TPS dose using dose volume histograms for relevant structures. Results: The results show significant differences in doses to the target and critical structures suggesting the need for more accurate proton dose computation methods. In particular, the 4D dose shows reduced coverage of the target and higher dose to the spinal cord, while variable RBE dose shows higher lung dose. Conclusion: The methodology developed in this pilot study is currently used for the analysis of a cohort of ∼90 lung patients from a clinical trial comparing proton and photon therapy for lung cancer. The results from this study will help us in determining the clinical significance of more accurate dose computation models in proton therapy.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

Grid Research for Good Software Tools

The Grid Research for Good Software Tools includes a variety of software packages for working with electric power systems data. It includes: parsers for Matpower, PSS/E, and GRG data files; translators between these formats; and validation routines for network structure and component parameters.

Coffrin, Carleton↗

Integrase-on-Demand

SAND2025-07449O Integrase-on-Demand is a software tool that allows users to identify regions in genomic sequences where genetic material can be integrated with high probability. It uses a database of integrases and their DNA attachment sites to search against any genomic sequence, producing a list of open sites, the integrase sequence, and the source of the genomic island. The program requires MASH software to be available on the system. It consists of a main script and a precomputed input file, with a taxonomy mode that searches closely related genomes and a search mode that looks for identical attachment site matches in the integrase/attachment input file. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Williams, Kelly [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Li↗

Onslow Beach Washover Fan Morphology from 2012 to 2015

Critical military training and testing on lands along the nation’s coastal and estuarine shorelines are increasingly placed at risk because of encroachment pressures in surrounding areas, impairments due to other anthropogenic disturbances, and changes in climate and sea level. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) intends to enhance and sustain its training and testing assets and also optimize its stewardship of natural resources through the development and application of an ecosystem-based management approach on DoD installations. To accomplish this goal, particularly for installations in estuarine/coastal environments, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) launched the Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP) as a 10-year effort at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (MCBCL) in North Carolina. The results of the second 5 years of the program (DCERP2) are presented in the DCERP2 Final Report.There were four overarching objectives of DCERP2. The first objective was to understand the effects of climate change impacts, including warming temperatures, variability in the hydrological cycle, storm events, and sea level rise on the coastal ecosystems at MCBCL from observations and measurements made over the 10-year program. The second objective was to understand the carbon cycle of the coastal and terrestrial ecosystems at MCBCL through a highly integrated sampling program. The third objective was to develop models, tools, and indicators to evaluate current and projected future ecosystem state changes and translate scientific findings into actionable information for installation managers. The last objective was to recommend adaptive management strategies to sustain ecosystem natural resources within the context of an active military installation.These grid files were created from data collected using a Riegl 3-D laser scanner. Millions of x, y, and z points from the F2 Washover Fan on Onslow Beach were processed using the MARS software package to define a bare-earth model. Grid files were imported into Golden Software Surfer version 19 for editing and exported from that application as .grd files. Files can be opened in Surfer or ArcMap, but the coordinate system information will be lost if opened in ArcMap. These data were collected to quantify the morphological changes that occur on a washover fan through time.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Building heights and urban canopy parameters for urban modeling

GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS) is a random forest model based framework that provides a level-of-detail-1 (LoD-1) building height dataset. The primary objective of UT-GLOBUS is not to precisely predict the height and footprint of individual buildings, but rather to offer a functional framework for generating building level information using open-source datasets for modeling applications. Specifically, UT-GLOBUS is tailored to meet the requirements of deriving urban canopy parameters (UCPs) for the multi-layer model within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and building heights for the SOLWEIG and SUEWS model. Building-level data is accessible in vector file format (GeoPackage: .gpkg), which can be converted into raster file format (geoTIFF). The vector files employ the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. The vector files are compatible with GIS platforms like QGIS and ArcGIS, and can be imported for analysis using programming languages such as Python. We are also providing UCPs required by the multi-layer urban model in the urban WRF in binary file format. Additionally, we provide the urban fractions calculated using ESA world cover dataset (https://esa-worldcover.org/en) for WRF model in binary file format. These binary files can be directly incorporated into the WRF pre-processing system (WPS).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

A simple json format for storing and exchanging code calculation and experimental results

Calculation codes and code systems give their results in a plethora of different formats and/or files. For instance, MCNP gives a user the MCNP specific output file, the mctal file, the ptrac file, etc. while PARTISN has a PARTISN specific output file and a number of binary files with various kinds of information about the calculation. However, the results we are interested in are always the same. These can be single values such as the effective multiplication factor k eff or the effective delayed neutron fraction β eff . It can be histogram data (such as particle spectra, reaction rates, sensitivity profiles, etc.) or even pointwise data (for example the nuclide composition as a function of time, etc.). It is also worthwhile to note that this would also apply to experimental data that we may wish to compare with as well. Calculation and experimental results can basically be split into two components: attributes (or metadata) and the actual result itself. Attributes represent information about the result that are not necessarily required for its’ interpretation but that are still good to have. Often, these attributes are what we will want to filter results on. This means that these attributes are often the answer to specific questions we may have about the result. The following is a non exhaustive list of such basic questions: what type of result is it: e.g. the effective multiplication factor k eff , the effective delayed neutron fraction β eff , etc.; which case does it relate to: e.g. a specific ICSBEP case such as PU-MET-FAST-001-001; which code and version produced this result: e.g. MCNP 6.2, etc.; which nuclear data library was used to obtain the result: e.g. ENDF/B-VIII.0 or JEFF 3.3; which nuclide and reaction does it apply to (for reaction rates and sensitivity profiles); which volume in the geometry was it calculated in? The second component of the calculation or experimental result is the actual numerical data of the result. It is this data that we want to compare, exchange, plot, interpret, etc. It consists of values with optional uncertainties and units. It also includes the underlying structure (if any structure is required to interpret the result). Depending on the type of result, it may be a single value (e.g. the effective multiplication factor), an array of values (e.g. a reaction rate or particle spectrum) or even a multidimensional array. In order to exchange results between different organisations, for instance for benchmarking, people often resort to spreadsheets or custom text files that need to be filled out. While this approach works well if little information is to be exchanged, it can become cumbersome when dealing with large amounts of data (like for instance particle spectra for thousands of cases). In addition, such an approach does not always capture the metadata we may be interested in to allow for automated processing of these files. The purpose of this report is to propose a standardised json structure to store any type of result and present an associated python interface to interact with these results directly. For such a structure to be useful, it must fulfill a specific set of functional requirements that we try to meet with this proposal. The format must allow for the calculation result to stand by itself. This means that we should not have to look in multiple places to be able to understand it. For example, if the result relates to a particle spectrum, the group structure in which the result is given should be stored with it. The format should be code agnostic. This means that we do not need to know where it came from to understand it. The format should be result type agnostic. This means that the format must be generic enough so that we can even use it for results we have not thought of yet. The format should be relatively easy to interact with through different scripting or programming languages (i.e. the machine interface) while still providing a clean structure that can be used directly by any human.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

CLM5 Simulations of Soil Moisture and Grain Carbon for CONUS at 0.125 degrees

This dataset provides 0.125° gridded simulations of soil moisture and crop grain carbon for the Contiguous United States (CONUS), generated using the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) with the biogeochemistry module enabled. The data covers a historical baseline (1980–2015) and mid-century future projections (2020–2055). Future projections are organized into two sets of scenarios to distinguish the impacts of different drivers: (1) Atmospheric Only (ATM-only): These scenarios apply future atmospheric forcings while holding land use and land cover change (LULCC) at historical baseline levels. The atmospheric forcings represent moderately versus severely hotter/drier atmospheric conditions (dynamically downscaled perturbed thermodynamics simulations based on CMIP6 SSP245 and SSP585 warming signals), each with cooler versus hotter Earth System Model temperature sensitivity instantiations. These scenarios are identified in the file names as atm45cooler, atm45hotter, atm85cooler, and atm85hotter. (2) Coupled Atmospheric and Land-Use (LAND+ATM): These scenarios apply future atmospheric forcing together with future LULCC by pairing atmospheric pathways with lower versus higher population/economic growth scenarios representing Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 3 and 5 (SSP3 and SSP5). These scenarios are identified in the file names as atm45cooler_ssp3, atm45hotter_ssp3, atm45cooler_ssp5, atm45hotter_ssp5, atm85cooler_ssp3, atm85hotter_ssp3, atm85cooler_ssp5, and atm85hotter_ssp5. Please refer to the README file for detailed information on file structure, variables, units, and data formats.

Yao, Lili [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory] ↗

A data storage, retrieval and analysis system for endocrine research

This retrieval system builds, updates, retrieves, and performs basic statistical analyses on blood, urine, and diet parameters for the M071 and M073 Skylab and Apollo experiments. This system permits data entry from cards to build an indexed sequential file. Programs are easily modified for specialized analyses.

Newton, L. E.↗

Documentation for the machine-readable version of OAO 2 filter photometry of 531 stars of diverse types

A magnetic tape version of the ultraviolet photometry of 531 stars observed with the Wisconsin Experiment Package aboard the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO 2) is described. The data were obtained with medium band interference filters and were reduced to a uniform magnitude system. They represent a subset of partially reduced data currently on file at the National Space Science Data Center. The document is intended to enable users of the tape file to read and process data without problems or guesswork. For technical details concerning the observations, instrumentation limitations, and interpretation of the data the reference publication should be consulted. This document was designed for distribution with any machine-readable version of the OAO 2 photometric data.

Warren, W. H., Jr.↗

Communications network design and costing model programmers manual

Otpimization algorithms and techniques used in the communications network design and costing model for least cost route and least cost network problems are examined from the programmer's point of view. All system program modules, the data structures within the model, and the files which make up the data base are described.

Logan, K. P.↗

A mass storage system for supercomputers based on Unix

The authors present the design, implementation, and utilization of a large mass storage subsystem (MSS) for the numerical aerodynamics simulation. The MSS supports a large networked, multivendor Unix-based supercomputing facility. The MSS at Ames Research Center provides all processors on the numerical aerodynamics system processing network, from workstations to supercomputers, the ability to store large amounts of data in a highly accessible, long-term repository. The MSS uses Unix System V and is capable of storing hundreds of thousands of files ranging from a few bytes to 2 Gb in size.

Richards, J.↗

Management and display of four-dimensional environmental data sets using McIDAS

Over the past four years, great strides have been made in the areas of data management and display of 4-D meteorological data sets. A survey was conducted of available and planned 4-D meteorological data sources. The data types were evaluated for their impact on the data management and display system. The requirements were analyzed for data base management generated by the 4-D data display system. The suitability of the existing data base management procedures and file structure were evaluated in light of the new requirements. Where needed, new data base management tools and file procedures were designed and implemented. The quality of the basic 4-D data sets was assured. The interpolation and extrapolation techniques of the 4-D data were investigated. The 4-D data from various sources were combined to make a uniform and consistent data set for display purposes. Data display software was designed to create abstract line graphic 3-D displays. Realistic shaded 3-D displays were created. Animation routines for these displays were developed in order to produce a dynamic 4-D presentation. A prototype dynamic color stereo workstation was implemented. A computer functional design specification was produced based on interactive studies and user feedback.

Hibbard, William L.↗

Nuclear propulsion technology development - A joint NASA/Department of Energy project

NASA-Lewis has undertaken the conceptual development of spacecraft nuclear propulsion systems with DOE support, in order to establish the bases for Space Exploration Initiative lunar and Mars missions. This conceptual evolution project encompasses nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) and nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) systems. A technology base exists for NTP in the NERVA program files; more fundamental development efforts are entailed in the case of NEP, but this option is noted to offer greater advantages in the long term.

Clark, John S.↗

TLIFE: a Program for Spur, Helical and Spiral Bevel Transmission Life and Reliability Modeling

This report describes a computer program, 'TLIFE', which models the service life of a transmission. The program is written in ANSI standard Fortran 77 and has an executable size of about 157 K bytes for use on a personal computer running DOS. It can also be compiled and executed in UNIX. The computer program can analyze any one of eleven unit transmissions either singly or in a series combination of up to twenty-five unit transmissions. Metric or English unit calculations are performed with the same routines using consistent input data and a units flag. Primary outputs are the dynamic capacity of the transmission and the mean lives of the transmission and of the sum of its components. The program uses a modular approach to separate the load analyses from the system life calculations. The program and its input and output data files are described herein. Three examples illustrate its use. A development of the theory behind the analysis in the program is included after the examples.

Savage, M.↗

Enhancements to the KATE model-based reasoning system

KATE (Knowledge-based Autonomous Test Engineer) is a model-based software system developed in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Kennedy Space Center for monitoring, fault detection, and control of launch vehicles and ground support systems. This report describes two software efforts which enhance the functionality and usability of KATE. The first addition, a flow solver, adds to KATE a tool for modeling the flow of liquid in a pipe system. The second addition adds support for editing KATE knowledge base files to the Emacs editor. The body of this report discusses design and implementation issues having to do with these two tools. It will be useful to anyone maintaining or extending either the flow solver or the editor enhancements.

Thomas, Stan J.↗

Analysis of the request patterns to the NSSDC on-line archive

NASA missions, both for earth science and for space science, collect huge amounts of data, and the rate at which data is being gathered is increasing. For example, the EOSDIS project is expected to collect petabytes per year. In addition, these archives are being made available to remote users over the Internet. The ability to manage the growth of the size and request activity of scientific archives depends on an understanding of the access patterns of scientific users. The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has run their on-line mass storage archive of space data, the National Data Archive and Distribution Service (NDADS), since November 1991. A large world-wide space research community makes use of NSSDC, requesting more than 20,000 files per month. Since the initiation of their service, they have maintained log files which record all accesses the archive. In this report, we present an analysis of the NDADS log files. We analyze the log files, and discuss several issues, including caching, reference patterns, clustering, and system loading.

Johnson, Theodore↗