Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “material testing”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2004

Hazard Assessment of Personal Protective Clothing for Hydrogen Peroxide Service

Selection of personal protective equipment (PPE) for hydrogen peroxide service is an important part of the hazard assessment process. But because drip testing of chemical protective clothing for hydrogen peroxide service has not been reported for about 40 years, it is of great interest to test new protective clothing materials with new, high-concentration hydrogen peroxide following similar procedures. The suitability of PPE for hydrogen peroxide service is in part determined by observations made when hydrogen peroxide is dripped onto swatches of protective clothing material. Protective clothing material was tested as received, in soiled condition, and in grossly soiled condition. Materials were soiled by pretreating the material with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution then drying to promote a reaction. Materials were grossly soiled with solid KMnO4 to greatly promote reaction. Observations of results including visual changes to the hydrogen peroxide and materials, times to ignition, and self-extinguishing characteristics of the materials are reported.

Greene, Ben↗
NASA NTRS2019

Evaluation of an Alternate Method for Determining Yield Strength Offset Values for Selective Laser Sintered Polymeric Materials

Due to the unique characteristics of Additively Manufactured (AM) polymeric materials, typical mechanical strength characterization methods such as those commonly used for traditionally-processed polymers or composite materials can produce results that do not accurately represent material capabilities. In order to characterize mechanical properties of these materials, new test and analysis methods are required. As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Composites Project (ACP), Boeing has evaluated true yield testing as an alternative or complimentary test to 0.2% offset yield testing for determining appropriate yield strength values of polymer materials. Previous testing has shown high strain, low modulus polymer materials such as selective laser sintered (SLS) Nylon 11 at elevated temperatures produce large variations in yield strength. The true yield test method was successful in finding the applied strain level when yield commences and appears to offer an increase in data robustness.

Henry, Chelsey↗
NASA NTRS1986

The role of fiber and matrix in crash energy absorption of composite materials

Static crushing tests were conducted on tube specimens fabricated from graphite/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy and hybrid combinations of graphite-Kevlar/epoxy to examine the influence the fiber and matrix constitutive properties and laminate architecture have on energy absorption. Fiber and matrix ultimate failure strain were determined to significantly effect energy absorption. The energy absorption capability of high ultimate failure strain materials (AS-6/F185 and AS-6/HST-7) was less than materials having lower ultimate failure strain. Lamina stacking sequence had up to a 300 percent change in energy absorption for the materials tested. Hybridizing with graphite and Kevlar reinforcements resulted in materials with high energy absorption capabilities that have postcrushing integrity.

Farley, G. L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Affinity of LDR Organics to Cementitious Materials: Sorption and Leaching Tests

SRNL is working to identify and test the physiochemical interactions of organic contaminants of potential concern with minerals in grout/cementitious materials. Organic species may interact with cementitious minerals including slag, fly ash, cement, and other components/dopants like carbon in fly ash. The identification of such interactions will support the solidification process design, performance assessments for the chemicals of concern, and a proposed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) treatment variance specified for the Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) organics associated with Hanford tank waste. Inably expected to be present LDR organics associated with Hanford tank waste (RPP-RPT-63493, Rev 1a) was screened by functional groups, octanol-water partitioning coefficients, and detection frequency in Hanford tank waste samples. A subset of 10 compounds, spanning the identified properties, were tested using sorption and leachate tests. These compounds were subjected to traditional batch sorption tests and leaching tests on/from Cast Stone cementitious material with and without activated carbon (a potential organic adsorption additive). The interactions between organic compounds were observed in traditional batch sorption and modified Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) leachate tests for a surrogate Cast Stone material with and without an activated carbon addition. Specifically, phthalic acids (negatively charged) and 4-chloroaniline (polar) sorbed strongly to unmodified Cast Stone and a group of 3 phenolic compounds (2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, Pentachlorophenol, o-Cresol) were sorbed to and were retained by Cast Stone with a 1% activated carbon amendment.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1960

Thermal-Fatigue Crack-Growth Characteristics and Mechanical Strain Cycling Behavior of A-286 Discaloy, and 16-25-6 Austenitic Steels

Thermal-fatigue crack-growth characteristics of notched- and unnotched-disk specimens of A-286, Discaloy, hot-cold worked 16-25-6, and overaged 16-25-6 were experimentally studied. Separately controlled variables were total strain range (0.0043 to 0.0079 in./in.), maximum cycle temperature (1300 and 1100 F), and hold time at maximum temperature (O and 5 min). A limited number of mechanical, push-pull, constant-strain cycle tests at room temperature were made using notched and un-notched bars of the same materials. In these tests the number of cycles to failure as well as the variation of load change with accumulated cycles was measured, and the effects of mean stress were observed. Constant-strain-range mechanical-fatigue tests at room temperature revealed notched-bar fatigue life to be strongly influenced by mean stress. For a specific strain range, the longest fatigue life was always found to be associated with the least-tensile (or most compressive) mean stress. By defining thermal-fatigue life as the number of cycles required to produce a crack area of 6000 square mils, the relative thermal-fatigue resistances of the test materials were established. Notched-disk specimens of A-286 and Discaloy steels exhibited longer fatigue lives than either hot-cold worked or overaged 16-25-6. On the other hand, unnotched-disk specimens of Discaloy and hot-cold worked 16-25-6 had longer lives than A-286 and overaged 16-25-6. Separation of the crack-growth data into microstage and macrostage periods revealed that the macrostage period accounted for the greatest part of the difference among materials when tested in the notched configuration, while the microstage was largely responsible for the differences encountered in unnotched disks.

Smith, Robert W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Evaluation of the resiliency characteristics of several candidate Solid Rocket Booster O-ring materials

Resiliency tests have been conducted in order to evaluate O-ring sealing response in the revised Space Shuttle SRBs, giving attention to the effects of temperature and gap-opening rates. Additional testing was conducted to ascertain O-ring responses to simulated SRB field-joint deflections. All tests employed a face-seal fixture mounted on a servohydraulic apparatus. The Viton candidate O-ring material tracked the gap-opening rate better at higher temperatures and lower gap-opening rates; it was also the only material inert to the calcium grease employed. Heaters must be used to maintain the 70 F minimum temperature at which the Viton O-ring will track the required gap opening rate.

Lach, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Hot piston ring/cylinder liner materials: Selection and evaluation

In current designs of the automotive (kinematic) Stirling engine, the piston rings are made of a reinforced polymer and are located below the pistons because they cannot withstand the high temperatures in the upper cylinder area. Theoretically, efficiency could be improved if hot piston rings were located near the top of the pistons. Described is a program to select piston ring and cylinder coating materials to test this theory. Candidate materials were screened, then subjected to a pin or disk friction and wear test machine. Tests were performed in hydrogen at specimen temperatures up to 760 C to simulate environmental conditions in the region of the hot piston ring reversal. Based on the results of these tests, a cobalt based alloy, Stellite 6B, was chosen for the piston rings and PS200, which consists of a metal-bonded chromium carbide matrix with dispersed solid lubricants, was chosen as the cylinder coating. Tests of a modified engine and a baseline engine showed that the hot ring reduced specific fuel consumption by up to 7 percent for some operating conditions and averaged about 3 percent for all conditions evaluated. Related applications of high-temperature coatings for shaft seals and as back-up lubricants are also described.

Sliney, Harold E.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Estimating viscoelastic compliance of desiccating cementitious materials using drying prism tests

Highlights: • Determining relative humidity and degree of reaction of desiccating cementitious materials via an integrated method • Extracting moisture diffusion coefficient of cement mortar using the mass loss data of the prism specimens • Estimating uniaxial viscoelastic compliance of cement mortar using the shrinkage strain data of the prism specimens An integrated modeling approach to determining internal relative humidity and degree of reaction of desiccating cementitious materials has been developed. By simultaneously accounting for both self-desiccation and external drying, the model is capable of predicting the evolution of material properties of desiccating cementitious materials. Using the mass loss data of the prism specimens, the moisture diffusion coefficient of a nonlinear model for cement mortar was determined. Additionally, a previous poroviscoelastic shrinkage model was modified and extended. Through comparison of predicted and measured axial strain of the prism specimens, the viscoelastic compliance of cement mortar was extracted. The present work revealed that it is possible to use a simple drying prism test to fit the moisture diffusion coefficient and creep compliance of cementitious materials, though the comparison of the extracted viscoelastic compliance with measured compliance was only reasonable if the outer layer of the drying mortar was presumed to have microcracking.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Hybrid Encapsulated Ionic Liquids for Post-Combustion Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Capture

Ionic liquids (ILs) and Phase Change Ionic Liquids (PCILs) are excellent materials for selective removal of carbon dioxide from dilute post-combustion streams. However, they are typically characterized as having high viscosities, which impairs their effectiveness due to mass transfer limitations, caused by the high viscosities. In this project, we are examining the benefits of encapsulating ILs and PCILs in thin polymeric shells to produce particles of approximately 100 to 600 µm in diameter that can be used in a fluidized bed absorber. The particles are produced by microencapsulation of the ILs and PCILs in CO 2 -permeable polymer shells. Here we report on the encapsulation of the IL and PCIL materials, thermodynamic testing of the encapsulated materials, mass transfer measurements in both a fluidized bed and a packed bed, determination of the effect of impurities (SO 2 , NO x and water) on the free and encapsulated IL and PCIL, recyclability of the CO 2 uptake, selection and synthesis of kg quantities of the IL and PCIL, identification of scale-up methods for encapsulation and production of a kg quantity of the PCIL, construction and shakedown of the laboratory scale unit to test the encapsulated particles for CO 2 capture ability and efficiency, use of our mass transfer model to predict mass transfer and identify optimal properties of the encapsulated particles, and initial testing of the encapsulated particles in the laboratory scale unit. We also show our attempts at developing shell materials that are resistant to water permeation. Overall, we have shown that the selected IL and PCIL can be successfully encapsulated in polymer shells and the methods scaled up to production levels. The IL/PCIL and encapsulated IL/PCIL react irreversibly with SO 2 and NO x so the CO 2 capture unit would need to be placed after the flue gas desulfurization and NO x reduction units. However, the reaction with CO 2 in the presence of water is completely reversible. Therefore, it is not necessary to exclude water from the capsules. Mass transfer in the fluidized and packed beds confirm that the fluidized bed arrangement is preferred and that the mass transfer can be predicted accurately by the rate based model that we have developed. Absorption and desorption experiments in the laboratory scale unit show good uptake and recyclability.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1968

High-temperature bearing-cage materials

Evaluation tests conducted at temperatures of 500 and 700 degrees F reveal that S-Monel and AISI M-1 steel are suitable as high temperature cage materials for precision bearings. The area of the wear scar in the cage pocket that developed during the test was used as the measure of wear.

Anderson, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Subscale solid motor nozzle tests, phase 4 and nozzle materials screening and thermal characterization, phase 5

Subscale solid motor nozzles containing a baseline material or low cost materials to be considered as potential replacements for the baseline material are designed and tested. Data are presented from tests of four identically designed 2.5 inch throat diameter nozzles and one 7 inch throat diameter nozzle. The screening of new candidate low cost materials, as well as their thermophysical and thermochemical characterization is also discussed.

Arnold, J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Affinity of LDR Organics to Cementitious Materials: Sorption and Leaching Tests

SRNL is working to identify and test the physiochemical interactions of organic contaminants of potential concern with minerals in grout/cementitious materials. Organic species may interact with cementitious minerals including slag, fly ash, cement, and other components/dopants like carbon in fly ash. The identification of such interactions will support the solidification process design, performance assessments for the chemicals of concern, and a proposed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) treatment variance the technology-based treatment standard specified for the Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) organics associated with Hanford tank waste. In FY24, a list of the 132 reasonably expected to be present LDR organics associated with Hanford tank waste (RPP-RPT-63493, Rev 1a) was screened by functional groups, octanol-water partitioning coefficients, and detection frequency in Hanford tank waste samples. A subset of 10 compounds spanning the identified properties were tested using sorption and leachate tests. These compounds were subject to traditional batch sorption tests and leaching tests on/from Cast Stone cementitious material with and without activated carbon (a potential organic adsorption additive). The tests have been completed and analysis is underway but as yet currently unavailable. The analytical results (and conclusions) will be included in a forthcoming revision to this report as soon as they are available

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1972

A space simulation test chamber development for the investigation of radiometric properties of materials

The design, fabrication, and preliminary utilization of a thermal vacuum space simulation facility are discussed. The facility was required to perform studies on the thermal radiation properties of materials. A test chamber was designed to provide high pumping speed, low pressure, a low photon level radiation background (via high emissivity, coated, finned cryopanels), internal heat sources for rapid warmup, and rotary and linear motion of the irradiated materials specimen. The radiation detection system consists of two wideband infrared photoconductive detectors, their cryogenic coolers, a cryogenic-cooled blackbody source, and a cryogenic-cooled optical radiation modulator.

Enlow, D. L.↗
DOE OSTI2026

A dual dynamic shutter system for accelerating ion irradiation sample throughput via lateral gas implantation gradients

Ion irradiation for material performance testing is limited due to its serial nature, which allows for only one value of the implantation (appm) versus dose (dpa) parameter space to be explored for each ion and experiment at a time. While ion irradiation can accelerate the process by up to three orders of magnitude compared to neutron irradiation experiments, the sample throughput for ion irradiation remains relatively low. To address these limitations, a novel capability has been developed at the Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory (MIBL), enabling for the creation of single- and two-dimensional lateral ion implantation gradients using recently installed motorized-controlled ion-beam shutters. This advancement can generate a wide scope of the two-dimensional (H+, He2+) implantation parameter space within a single sample. Integration of this new capability now allows for dual- and triple-ion beam experiments to be performed with full user control over not only the ion implantation depth, but also laterally across the sample by imposing ion implantation concentration gradients, thus providing researchers with a high-throughput means for material testing under various irradiation conditions. Furthermore, recent improvements in MIBL's microbeam ion-beam analysis (IBA) target station now allow for probing these concentration gradients in irradiated alloys with exceptional spatial resolution, down to 10 µm. These two approaches promise to significantly improve ion irradiation capabilities and increase the sample throughput by several orders of magnitude. The application of the shutter technique plus the subsequent microbeam characterization of the imposed implantation gradients are showcased by two proof-of-principle ion-irradiated experiments, one performed on single-crystal Si and the other on the fusion-candidate alloy F82H-IEA. These advancements mark a substantial leap in ion-beam technology, offering researchers a robust, high-throughput method to efficiently investigate candidate alloys with high technological readiness for both advanced fission and fusion reactor applications, in a time- and cost-effective manner.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Verification Testing For Solid-Element Material Models 11-19 in DYNA3D/ParaDyn

This technical report documents the creation and implementation of verification tests for solid-element material models 11 through 19 available in DYNA3D/ParaDyn. The verification tests covered all aspects of each material model, except for the Weibull distribution functionality in material models 15 and 19. General test cases were created to verify the elastic and plastic behavior of the material models. Other additional tests were developed to examine the intricacies of each material model. Each test involved the use a kinematic load case and specification of material parameters necessary to activate corresponding features of the material model. The load cases prescribed the full time history of the kinematic motion for the solid elements, and these loads are independent of the material model or element formulation. When possible, closed form solutions were then derived for each verification test in a continuum setting. The DYNA3D simulations for each test were carried out over a unit time interval, t ϵ [0, 1], and the as implemented DYNA3D response was compared to the closed form solutions evaluated at discrete points in time. A relative error measure was determined for each test to justify the proper implementation of the material model. The relative errors comparing the DYNA3D solution to the analytical solution were, in general, on the order of machine precision except where noted. This signifies the proper implementation of solid-element material models 11-19. In the development of these verification tests, six bugs were found and fixed in the source code. Additionally, this work generated eighteen DYNA3D input decks and answer extraction scripts in the DYNA3D/ParaDyn Software Quality Assurance test suite, which are comprised of a total of 285 solid-element tests. Testing for each material model utilizes two input decks and answer extraction scripts, where one focuses on the linear elastic response and the other examines the inelastic and remaining functionalities of the material model. In total, this work added 285 individual verification test problems in the DYNA3D/ParaDyn test suite.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1993

An advanced test technique to quantify thermomechanical fatigue damage accumulation in composite materials

A mechanical test technique was developed to assist in quantifying the accumulation of damage in composite materials during thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) cycling. This was accomplished by incorporating definitive elastic mechanical property measurements into an ongoing load-controlled TMF test without disturbing the test specimen or significantly altering the test conditions. The technique allows two fundamental composite properties consisting of the isothermal elastic static moduli and the macroscopic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to be measured and collected as functions of the TMF cycles. The specific implementation was incorporated into the commonly employed idealized in-phase and out-of-phase TMF cycles. However, the techniques discussed could be easily implemented into any form of load-controlled TMF mission cycle. By quantifying the degradations of these properties, tremendous insights are gained concerning the progression of macroscopic composite damage and often times the progression of damage within a given constituent. This information should also be useful for the characterization and essential for the verification of analytical damage modeling methodologies. Several examples utilizing this test technique are given for three different fiber lay-ups of titanium metal matrix composites.

Castelli, Michael G.↗