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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,369 records · Page 76

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NASA NTRS2009

Numerical Evaluation of the "Dual-Kernel Counter-flow" Matric Convolution Integral that Arises in Discrete/Continuous (D/C) Control Theory

Discrete/Continuous (D/C) control theory is a new generalized theory of discrete-time control that expands the concept of conventional (exact) discrete-time control to create a framework for design and implementation of discretetime control systems that include a continuous-time command function generator so that actuator commands need not be constant between control decisions, but can be more generally defined and implemented as functions that vary with time across sample period. Because the plant/control system construct contains two linear subsystems arranged in tandem, a novel dual-kernel counter-flow convolution integral appears in the formulation. As part of the D/C system design and implementation process, numerical evaluation of that integral over the sample period is required. Three fundamentally different evaluation methods and associated algorithms are derived for the constant-coefficient case. Numerical results are matched against three available examples that have closed-form solutions.

Nixon, Douglas D.↗

DOE OSTI2023

State-of-the-art and review of condensation heat transfer for small modular reactor passive safety: Computational studies

The small modular reactor (SMR) is a promising option with added safety features, economical manufacturing, reliable parts, portability, and scalable energy capacity that emits no greenhouse gas during its operating lifespan. The SMR safety systems, however, need to be evaluated for design and licensing. Thus, they require the verification and validation of the physics models and correlations. This study focuses on state-of-the-art condensation heat transfer analysis and a review of previous studies related to the passive containment cooling system (PCCS) of a SMR. In the PCCS of a SMR, due to its smaller size containment, filmwise condensation is dominant and therefore emphasized in this study. Furthermore, previous condensation heat transfer studies for PCCSs did not make the SMR the primary focus, so a critical review for formulating the state-of-the-art is necessary. A previous review covered experimental condensation heat transfer studies with a brief overview of associated test facilities and empirical correlations. This review covers the empirical, resistance-layer and theoretical (numerical and commercial CFD) approaches.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Index system of urban resource and environment carrying capacity based on ecological civilization

Highlights: • Ecological civilization is an important pathway to sustainable development. • An index system established based on the concept of ecological civilization. • The index system focus on the environmental quality and resource use efficiency. • The index system dynamically reflects the key issues of ecological civilization. • The evaluation results provide guidance for ecological civilization of a city. - Abstract: ‘Ecological Civilization’ is a Chinese characteristic concept. It is an important pathway for China to achieve sustainable development and has become a key strategy to address China's serious resource and environmental issues. To solve the disparity between resources and the environment, an index system of urban resource and environment carrying capacity (URECC) based on ecological civilization should be established. This study explored the new connotations of URECC, and constructed an evaluation index system that contains 18 indicators selected from water carrying capacity, land carrying capacity, atmospheric environmental carrying capacity, energy carrying capacity, and environmental carrying capacity of solid waste. The index system fully embodies the supporting and restraining function to resources and environment for human development and reflects the dynamic change of URECC. We used URECC of Tianjin from 2007 to 2015 as a case study. The results reveal that the index system is not only able to reflect the current status of URECC, but also reflects the changes of increment to the original carrying capacity, so that economic and social development can be constrained within URECC. It provides a reference for future research on the carrying capacity index system of the city, and also has important practical significance to guide the sustainable development of the city.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1991

Welding space vacuum technology

The objective was to assist the EH 42 Division in putting together a vacuum system that could attain the desired pressure and be large enough to accommodate the gas-metal arc (GMA) welding fixture apparatus. A major accomplishment was the design and fabrication of the controller/annunciator for the 4' by 8' system. It contains many safety features such as thermocouple set point relays that will only allow inlet and exit gas and vacuum valves to be operated at pre-selected system pressures, and a fail safe mode for power interruptions and operator mistakes. It is felt that significant progress was made in this research effort to weld in a vacuum environment. With continued efforts to increase the pump speeds for vacuum chambers and further studies on weld fixtures and gas inlet pressures, the NASA program will be successful.

Johnson, R. Barry↗

DOE OSTI2015

Improved and versatile viral 2 A platforms for dependable and inducible high‐level expression of dicistronic nuclear genes in C hlamydomonas reinhardtii

Summary A significantly improved viral 2A peptide system for dependable high‐level expression of dicistronic genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been developed. Data are presented demonstrating that use of an especially proficient ‘extended FMDV 2A’ coding region allows production of two independent protein products from a dicistronic gene with almost complete efficiency. Importantly, results are also presented that demonstrate the utility of this 2A system for efficient high‐level expression of foreign genes in C. reinhardtii , which has not previously been reliably achievable in this algal model system. To expand the versatility of the 2A expression system, a number of commonly used selectable marker proteins were assessed for their compatibility with the extended FMDV 2A peptide. Additional experiments demonstrate the feasibility and utility of 2A‐containing dicistronic systems that rely on a strong conditional promoter for transcriptional control and a low‐expression marker gene for selection. This strategy allows easy and efficient delivery of genes of interest whose expression levels require regulation either to mitigate potential toxicity or allow differential expression under controlled experimental conditions. Finally, as an additional practical demonstration of the utility of the extended FMDV 2A system, confocal fluorescence microscopy is used to demonstrate that native and foreign proteins of interest bearing post‐translational remnants of the extended FMDV 2A peptide localize correctly to various cellular compartments, including a striking demonstration of the almost exclusive localization of the Rubisco small subunit protein to the pyrenoid of the C. reinhardtii chloroplast in cells maintained under ambient CO 2 concentrations.

Plucinak, Thomas M.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Case Study: Applying the Idaho National Laboratory Resilience Framework to St. Mary’s, Alaska

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) resilience framework has been developed to broadly apply to EEDS so that all elements of systems that contain distributed wind can be part of the resilience evaluation. The users or audience for this framework can include any stakeholders associated with the EEDS. Not all electrical energy systems have the same stakeholders; customers, owners, and operators are generally present but have different interests. Considering the broad electrical grid, customers, regulators, investors, utility planners, engineers, and operators each have an interest in system resilience driven from different motivating factors. This document focuses on the planning stage of the framework. In this document, each step is explained briefly before demonstrating its application to the St. Mary’s-Mt. Village system. The framework can be used for many types of resilience planning. It can be used to evaluate current overall resilience, or the resilience of certain subsystems. It can be used to explore existing resilience weak points and propose mitigations. It can also be used to evaluate the resilience benefits of a new investment. We use the latter application for this case study. Although the wind turbine in St. Mary’s has already been installed, the resilience benefits that the turbine provided were not well defined. It was installed with the main objective to generate electric power from a renewable resource in an effort to reduce the local dependency on fuel oil as the sole source of electric power generation, which is a resilience goal on its own, but there are other ways in which the turbine can add resilience to the system, as well as scenarios of interest to analyze how resilient the wind turbine itself is against different hazards. In this case study, we analyze the operation of the St. Mary’s power system both with the wind installed and without the wind installed during different resilience hazards of interest. This allows us to compare the performance with wind and without wind and to quantify the resilience benefits provided by wind. Our MIRACL partners at PNNL will then take the resilience benefits and assign value to the resilience provided by wind based on costs and costs avoided in the different scenarios.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2019

Role of the Solid–Aqueous Medium Interface in Transferring Light-Induced Excitation of Silicon

An effect has been discovered that irradiation of a silicon sample by light changes the properties of another silicon sample several centimeters away from the former. This effect is observed if the samples are in contact with a fluoroplastic–NaCl aqueous solution system or a sodium-containing glass–water system. Results have been treated based on the earlier model of hypersonic wave generation by light in a silicon–native oxide system and the hypothesis for hypersonic wave propagation along a solid–aqueous medium interface due to the presence of Na{sup +}–[H{sub 2}O]{sub n} clusters.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

NASA NTRS1994

Low computation vision-based navigation for a Martian rover

Construction and design details of the Mobot Vision System, a small, self-contained, mobile vision system, are presented. This system uses the view from the top of a small, roving, robotic vehicle to supply data that is processed in real-time to safely navigate the surface of Mars. A simple, low-computation algorithm for constructing a 3-D navigational map of the Martian environment to be used by the rover is discussed.

Gavin, Andrew S.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Temperature Pill

Ingestible Thermal Monitoring System was developed at Johns Hopkins University as means of getting internal temperature readings for treatments of such emergency conditions as dangerously low (hypothermia) and dangerously high (hyperthermia) body temperatures. ITMS's accuracy is off no more than one hundredth of a degree and provides the only means of obtaining deep body temperature. System has additional applicability in fertility monitoring and some aspects of surgery, critical care obstetrics, metabolic disease treatment, gerontology (aging) and food processing research. Three-quarter inch silicone capsule contains telemetry system, micro battery, and a quartz crystal temperature sensor inserted vaginally, rectally, or swallowed.

Source record↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Towards Formalization of Advanced Linear Algebra with Applications to Dynamical Systems using PVS

Linear Algebra is essential for numerous aerospace problems of interest. Formal reasoning about hybrid systems that contain variables modeled by differential equations rely on concepts from Linear Algebra such as eigenvalues, matrix decompositions, and matrix valued functions. For example, the long-term dynamics of a system of differential equations depend on the stability/instability of its equilibrium points, which often reduces to an eigenvalue problem. This talk will embark on a quest to formalize theorems and results about eigenvalues and eigenvectors using PVS. We shall start our journey with 2 x 2 complex matrices, where we will apply our PVS code to a simple example of a dynamical system. Since it can be difficult or impossible to give simple expressions of eigenvalues for larger matrices (i.e. 5 x 5 or higher), we then move towards specifying the power method for verified computation of eigenvalue approximations in PVS. This effort requires development of multivariate complex arithmetic. At the end of the day, having such additions to the PVS NASA libraries will help move towards the use of formal methods to verify concepts of control theory and system level verification.

Linear Algebra↗

NASA NTRS2020

An MBSE-based Approach to Architecting a Robotic Sample Capture System Concept for Potential Mars Sample Return

A model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach was applied to architecting an orbiting sample Capture and Orient Module (COM) system concept for a Capture, Contain, and Return System (CCRS) payload concept for the notional Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. An architecture framework was established, covering multiple organizational layers of the system, along with structural, behavioral, data, and requirements perspectives. A workflow process to implement the architecting activities within the COM engineering team was established. The approach helped maintain consistency in terminology, helped ensure alignment of structural, behavioral, data, and requirements elements within each organization layer, and guided the engineering team through an architecting process that helped develop the architecture for a Capture and Orient Module system concept.

Younse, Paulo↗

NASA NTRS2025

Gateway Payload Users Guide

This Gateway Payload Users Guide is provided as an introduction to science operations on the Gateway for potential Payload Developer (PD) teams. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide that answers detailed questions that may arise. More detailed information and resources will be provided as PD teams work toward launch and flight operations. This document does not contain payload or system requirements. Payload requirements are contained in GP-10037: Gateway Payload Interface Definition Document. Applicable requirements from GP-10037 will be derived into payload-specific requirements documents.

utilization↗

DOE OSTI2017

A Holographic Prism Based on Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass: Requirements and Possibilities

A technology for multivalued holographic measurement of a plane angle—a holographic prism, which serves as the basis for a device for calibrating the testing tools for navigational equipment under rolling— has been developed. The holographic prism is a miniature sample of photosensitive material, which contains a system of superimposed holographic gratings, and a laser the radiation of which passes through gratings to form a fan of diffracted beams. The fan in a prism based on a calcium fluoride (fluorite) crystal with color centers contained six out-of-plane beams radiating from a region with a hard-to-localize center. This fact hindered calibration of the measure and its application in the testing device. The use of photothermo-refractive glass as a material for preparing a sample and recording a system of holograms in it makes it possible to eliminate the drawbacks of fluorite-based prism. The number of holograms rises up to 21, the fan becomes in-plane, and its center is localized in a small region, with a size of several tenths of the sample thickness (1–2 mm). The fan beams are energetically homogeneous, and each can be identified when using the fan in a testing device.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

NASA NTRS1998

RHETT/EPDM Performance Characterization

The 0.6 kW Electric Propulsion Demonstration Module (EPDM) flight thruster system was tested in a large vacuum facility for performance measurements and functional checkout. The thruster was operated at a xenon flow rate of 3.01 mg/s, which was supplied through a self-contained propellant system. All power was provided through a flight-packaged power processing unit, which was mounted in vacuum on a cold plate. The thruster was cycled through 34 individual startup and shutdown sequences. Operating periods ranged from 3 to 3600 seconds. The system responded promptly to each command sequence and there were no involuntary shutdowns. Direct thrust measurements indicated that steady state thrust was temperature sensitive, and varied from a high of 41.7 mN at 16 C, to a low of 34.8 mN at 110 C. Short duration thruster firings showed rapid response and good repeatability.

Haag, T.↗

NASA NTRS2007

Metrology Camera System Using Two-Color Interferometry

A metrology system that contains no moving parts simultaneously measures the bearings and ranges of multiple reflective targets in its vicinity, enabling determination of the three-dimensional (3D) positions of the targets with submillimeter accuracy. The system combines a direction-measuring metrology camera and an interferometric range-finding subsystem. Because the system is based partly on a prior instrument denoted the Modulation Sideband Technology for Absolute Ranging (MSTAR) sensor and because of its 3D capability, the system is denoted the MSTAR3D. Developed for use in measuring the shape (for the purpose of compensating for distortion) of large structures like radar antennas, it can also be used to measure positions of multiple targets in the course of conventional terrestrial surveying. A diagram of the system is shown in the figure. One of the targets is a reference target having a known, constant distance with respect to the system. The system comprises a laser for generating local and target beams at a carrier frequency; a frequency shifting unit to introduce a frequency shift offset between the target and local beams; a pair of high-speed modulators that apply modulation to the carrier frequency in the local and target beams to produce a series of modulation sidebands, the highspeed modulators having modulation frequencies of FL and FM; a target beam launcher that illuminates the targets with the target beam; optics and a multipixel photodetector; a local beam launcher that launches the local beam towards the multi-pixel photodetector; a mirror for projecting to the optics a portion of the target beam reflected from the targets, the optics being configured to focus the portion of the target beam at the multi-pixel photodetector; and a signal-processing unit connected to the photodetector. The portion of the target beam reflected from the targets produces spots on the multi-pixel photodetector corresponding to the targets, respectively, and the signal-processing unit centroids the spots to determine bearings of the targets, respectively. As the spots oscillate in intensity because they are mixed with the local laser beam that is flood illuminating the focal plane, the phase of oscillation of each spot is measured, the phase of sidebands in the oscillation of each spot being proportional to a distance to the corresponding target relative to the reference target A.

Dubovitsky, Serge↗

NASA NTRS2019

MARGInS Model-Based Analysis of Realizable Goals in Systems

The high complexity of modern aircraft and spacecraft requires elaborate Verification and Validation (V&V) approaches to make sure that such complex systems work properly and reliably. MARGInS is a framework for the analysis, understanding, and prediction of the behavior of a complex, hybrid system. MARGInS contains a set of machine learning and statistical algorithms for multivariate clustering, treatment learning, critical factor determination, time-series analysis, event prediction, and safety-boundary detection and characterization. The framework supports system testing and can be configured to find novel features in test suites, determine classes of behavior, propose new experiments that can efficiently explore and characterize the boundaries between classes of system behavior, and to create visualizations and reports.

He, Yuning↗

DOE OSTI2025

HyRAM+ (Hydrogen Plus Other Alternative Fuels Risk Assessment Models) v.6.1

SAND2025-11565O HyRAM+ (Hydrogen Plus Other Alternative Fuels Risk Assessment Models) is a tool for conducting quantitative risk assessment (QRA) in transportation systems. HyRAM+ contains validated, simplified release behavior models, engineering models, and generic data relevant to hydrogen installations. HyRAM+’s platform integrates models and data to conduct QRA on user-defined hydrogen or other alternative fuel systems. The software will enable the international safety research community to add validated models to the HyRAM+ platform for use in QRAs. HyRAM (hydrogen-only) versions 1.0 to 3.1 were developed by Sandia for the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office. The following agencies contributed to the development of HyRAM+ version 4.0 regarding the addition of methane (natural gas) and propane models: the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office and the Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Groth, Katrina [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Alb↗

NASA NTRS1987

Mars Lander/Rover vehicle development: An advanced space design project for USRA and NASA/OAST

The results of the studies on one particular part of the Mars Lander/Rover (MLR) system are contained: the Balloon Rover. This component vehicle was selected for further research and design because of the lack of technical literature on this subject, as compared to surface rover technology. Landing site selection; balloon system development and deployment; optics and communications; and the payload power supply are described.

Source record↗