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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,729 records · Page 96
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Lunar Helium-3: Mining Concepts, Extraction Research, and Potential ISRU Synergies

This paper describes various methods and designs specifically proposed for mining helium-3, and summarizes the methods, results and potential implications of recent research on helium extraction from lunar regolith simulant. This paper also touches on the potential synergy of lunar propellant production with helium-3 mining and some of the recent advancements in fusion technology related to future helium-3 fueled fusion reactors.

Lunar↗
NASA NTRS2020

Barefoot Rover: a Sensor-Infused Rover Wheel Demonstrating In-Situ Engineering and Science Extractions using Machine Learning

In this work, we demonstrate an instrumented wheel concept which utilizes a 2D pressure grid, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor and machine learning (ML) to extract meaningful metrics from the interaction between the wheel and surface terrain. These include continuous slip/skid estimation, balance, and sharpness for engineering applications. Estimates of surface hydration, texture, terrain patterns, and regolith physical properties such as cohesion and angle of internal friction are additionally calculated for science applications. Traditional systems rely on post-processing of visual images and vehicle telemetry to estimate these metrics. Through in-situ sensing, these metrics can be calculated in near real time and made available to onboard science and engineering autonomy applications. This work aims to provide a deployable system for future planetary exploration missions to increase science and engineering capabilities through increased knowledge of the terrain.

Marchetti, Yuliya↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Spacecraft Material Characterization Using Reflectance Spectra Extracted from RGB/IR Color Images

The space environment is detrimental to the exterior of the spacecraft and imposes stringent requirements on spacecraft materials. Space materials are often expected to perform for 15-20 years in the harsh space environment without significant degradation of their optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Further, as commercial activities increase in the space domain, development of predictive capability for material evolution is critical for agile adaption of novel materials. Therefore, it is very important to understand the effects of the space environments on the spacecraft materials. The Materials on the International Space Station Experiment Flight Facility (MISSE-FF) has flown numerous material samples to investigate the effect of LEO space weather exposure on the performance and durability of materials and devices. We are manifest on the MISSE-16 mission, scheduled to launch in June 2022, to fly fifteen novel and well-characterized materials in the LEO environment for a duration of six months. Changes in spectral reflectivity will be measured in real time throughout the mission with an RGB/IR camera. These time-resolved data will function as a "space-truth" reference for our team's ongoing laboratory-based space weather-material interaction experiments. Correlation of the MISSE-16 data with extensive ground testing of duplicate samples under simulated space weather conditions will enable development of fundamental chemical models for material degradation. This paper discusses preliminary results from the ground test campaign to collect the RGB/IR images for pristine and damaged materials and the development of machine learning algorithms to extract reflectance spectra from the color images.

Jainisha R. Shah↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Spacecraft Material Characterization Using Reflectance Spectra Extracted from RGB/IR Color Images

The space environment is detrimental to the exterior of the spacecraft and imposes stringent requirements on spacecraft materials. Space materials are often expected to perform for 15-20 years in the harsh space environment without significant degradation of their optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Further, as commercial activities increase in the space domain, development of predictive capability for material evolution is critical for agile adaption of novel materials. Therefore, it is very important to understand the effects of the space environments on the spacecraft materials. The Materials on the International Space Station Experiment Flight Facility (MISSE-FF) has flown numerous material samples to investigate the effect of LEO space weather exposure on the performance and durability of materials and devices. We are manifest on the MISSE-16 mission, scheduled to launch in June 2022, to fly fifteen novel and well-characterized materials in the LEO environment for a duration of six months. Changes in spectral reflectivity will be measured in real time throughout the mission with an RGB/IR camera. These time-resolved data will function as a "space-truth" reference for our team's ongoing laboratory-based space weather-material interaction experiments. Correlation of the MISSE-16 data with extensive ground testing of duplicate samples under simulated space weather conditions will enable development of fundamental chemical models for material degradation. This paper discusses preliminary results from the ground test campaign to collect the RGB/IR images for pristine and damaged materials and the development of machine learning algorithms to extract reflectance spectra from the color images.

Jainisha R. Shah↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

HF Vapor Etching for Stardust Particle Extraction: A Progress Report

The Stardust mission captured thousands of particles from Jupiter-family comet 81P/Wild 2 using aluminum foil and silica aerogel collection media [1]. Most studies of Wild 2 material examine refractory terminal particles >1 μm in diameter which are extracted individually from the ends of tracks produced by the particle’s impact into the aerogel medium. A substantial (>65 %) mass fraction of the impactors is present as fine-grained (i.e. <1 μm) material in the ‘bulb’ and walls of the tracks, which may contain preserved organic material and presolar grains [2]. Few presolar grains have been identified in Stardust samples, which has been interpreted as owing to destruction upon impact into the foils and preferential sampling of terminal particles rather than a lack of presolar grains in Wild 2 samples [3-5]. By isolating the fine-grained material from these bulbs and performing microbeam and isotopic analyses (i.e., scanning electron microscopy and NanoSIMS), organic matter and presolar grains can be identified and constraints can be placed on the constituents of primitive outer solar system materials.

Stardust↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Metal Extraction Lunar Technology from Carbothermal Reduction (MELT-CR)

Large metallic infrastructure components on the Moon are currently cost prohibitive due to the expense of transporting mass to the lunar surface. Astrobotic has quoted upwards of $1.2 million dollars per kilogram of payload to the surface. Advantageously, however, aluminum is present in great quantities as aluminum silicates on the lunar surface. And because aluminum is ductile, highly conductive, and amendable for advanced manufacturing processes such as wire fed directed energy deposition (DED), if it can be refined from regolith, its utilization can enable cost-effective, on-surface manufacturing of metallic infrastructure. The goal of project is to develop the core processes and technologies to extract aluminum from Lunar regolith and refine it into wire feedstock from a carbothermic reduction process.

ISRU↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Extracting Lessons of Human Performance and Resilience Management from a Study of Weather-Related Safety Risks and Incidents Reported to NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)

We present a study of weather-related incident reports submitted to NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) by air carrier pilots and air traffic controllers in the US. Using specific examples, we examine the weather-related risks reported and the relevant aspects of human performance and resilience management exhibited during these incidents. We describe our methods of lesson extraction to maximize learning, including the use of advance algorithms, and we conclude with a review of the weather-related risks encountered and the resilient practices employed to mitigate them.

resilience↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Extraction of Thruster Plume Ion Population Trends From Retarding Potential Analyzer Data

Characterization of ion plume impingement effects on spacecraft surfaces requires knowledge of the ion energy distributions in the thruster plume. Retarding potential analyzers are a convenient diagnostic that provide measurements of the ion voltage distributions. This work presents an attempt to extract additional information via fitting multiple Maxwellian distributions to the diagnostic traces. Tracking the trends of the fitted ion populations across varying facility pressure, angular location, and thruster operating conditions offers further insight into the makeup of the plume plasma and the behavior of the ion energies as a function of those parameters. This approach provides supporting evidence in establishing margins and building further confidence in the plume modeling validation process.

John T. Yim↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Comparing Methods to Extract Sectional Angle of Attack From Blade-Resolved Rotor Simulations

The angle of attack is widely used to describe the aerodynamics of rotor blades. Models based on lifting lines, actuator lines, and actuator disks use it as a primary variable, assuming the aerodynamics can be represented by the flow around a collection of equivalent 2D airfoils. This paper evaluates the accuracy of existing methods that extract the angle of attack from blade-resolved CFD simulations, towards enabling a direct comparison of angle of attack between blade-resolved and blade-modeled simulations. Results are compared for a 2D airfoil for which the angle of attack is known by definition. The hovering rotor case is also considered, where we look at two different rotor blades. We discuss the factors that impact the accuracy of the 2D predictions. For the 3D rotors, we show that three-dimensional effects in the root and tip regions lead to large discrepancies between methods. This suggests that the very definition of angle of attack is unable to accurately represent the flow in these regions. Finally, based on guidelines that we establish, we propose an alternate method that uses local velocities sampled on a contour located 0.25 chord, or less, away from the airfoil surface and generally yields improved accuracy compared to most existing techniques.

ARMD↗
DOE OSTI2016

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of switchgrass-derived extractives

Switchgrass is an increasingly important biofuel crop, but knowledge of switchgrass fungal pathogens is not extensive. The purpose of this research was to identify the fungal pathogens that decrease crop yield of switchgrass grown in Tennessee and to investigate a potential sustainable disease management strategy from a value-added by-product of the switchgrass biofuel conversion process. The specific objectives were 1) to identify and characterize prevalent fungal pathogens of switchgrass in Tennessee, 2) assess switchgrass seed produced in the United States for seedborne fungal pathogens, and 3) evaluate switchgrass extractives for antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2016

How PNNL Extracts Rare Earth Elements from Geothermal Brine

By looking at a problem at a nanoscale level, PNNL researchers are developing an economic way to extract valuable rare earth elements from geothermal fluids. This novel approach may help meet the high demand for rare earth elements that are used in many clean energy technologies.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

BEAM EXTRACTION FROM THE RECYCLER RING TO P1 LINE AT FERMILAB

The transfer line for beam extraction from the Recycler ring to P1 line provides a way to deliver 8 GeV kinetic energy protons from the Booster to the Delivery ring, via the Recycler, using existing beam transport lines, and without the need for new civil construction. It was designed in 2012. The kicker magnets at RR520 and the lambertson magnet at RR522 in the RR were installed in 2014 Summer Shutdown, the elements of RR to P1 Stub (permanent quads, trim quads, correctors, BPMs, the toroid at 703 and vertical bending dipole at V703 (ADCW) were installed in 2015 Summer Shutdown. On Tuesday, June 21, 2016, beam line from the Recycler Ring to P1 line was commissioned. The detailed results will be presented in this report.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Field demonstration of an active reservoir pressure management through fluid injection and displaced fluid extractions at the Rock Springs Uplift, a priority geologic CO 2 storage site for Wyoming

This report provides the results from the project entitled Field Demonstration of Reservoir Pressure Management through Fluid Injection and Displaced Fluid Extraction at the Rock Springs Uplift, a Priority Geologic CO2 Storage Site for Wyoming (DE-FE0026159 for both original performance period (September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016) and no-cost extension (September 1, 2016 to January 6, 2017)).

CO2↗
DOE OSTI2018

Using Time Evolution of the Bunch Structure to Extract the Muon Momentum Distribution in the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment

Beam dynamics plays an important role in achieving the unprecedented precision on measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. It needs to find the muon momentum distribution in the storage ring in order to evaluate the electric field correction to muon anomalous precession frequency. We will show how to use time evolution of the beam bunch structure to extract the muon momentum distribution by applying a fast rotation analysis on the decay electron signals.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Using Time Evolution of the Bunch Structure to Extract the Muon Momentum Distribution in the Fermilab Muon g-2

Beam dynamics plays an important role in achieving the unprecedented precision on measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. It needs to find the muon momentum distribution in the storage ring in order to evaluate the electric field correction to muon anomalous precession frequency. We will show how to use time evolution of the beam bunch structure to extract the muon momentum distribution by applying a fast rotation analysis on the decay electron signals.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

REDTOP Beam Modeling for Raised Transition Energy and Third Integer Resonance Extraction

To explore physics beyond the Standard Model, the experiment called Rare Eta Decays with a TPC for Optical Photons (REDTOP) is in its proposal stage at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to study η decays. The existing delivery ring will destabilize the beam as it is decelerated for REDTOP’s use, so modifications to the magnet arrangement have been proposed and must be simulated.This work focused on using MAD-X to model the introduction of new quadrupoles and sextupoles to raise the transition energy and shape the beam for extraction.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Rigid stiffener-reinforced flexible neural probes, and methods of fabrication using wicking channel-distributed adhesives and tissue insertion and extraction

A stiffener-reinforced microelectrode array probe and fabrication method using wicking channel-distributed adhesives which temporarily adheres a flexible device onto a rigid stiffener for insertion and extraction. Assembly is by dispensing a liquid adhesive into a narrow open groove wicking channel formed on the stiffener so that the adhesive is wicked along and tills the channel by capillary action, and adhering the adhesive-filled bonding side of the elongated section of the rigid substrate to a flexible device.

Shah, Kedar G.↗