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15 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsLi(PO3)2 by Materials Project

CsLi(PO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to eleven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.69 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.63 Å. There are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.01 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.05 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.63 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.64 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.63 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.63 Å) P–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Cs1+, one Li1+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsLi(H2N)2 by Materials Project

CsLi(NH2)2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_222 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent H1+ atoms. All Cs–H bond lengths are 3.40 Å. Li1+ is bonded to four equivalent N3- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing LiN4 trigonal pyramids. All Li–N bond lengths are 2.13 Å. N3- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Li1+ and two equivalent H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and one N3- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsLi(B3O5)2 by Materials Project

CsLiB6O10 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-42d space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.29 Å) and four longer (3.59 Å) Cs–O bond lengths. Li1+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent BO4 tetrahedra. All Li–O bond lengths are 1.97 Å. There are two inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsLi(B3O5)2 by Materials Project

CsLiB6O10 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P222_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.61 Å. Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.00 Å. There are eight inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.41 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.41 Å. In the seventh B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.41 Å. In the eighth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsLi(B3O5)2 by Materials Project

CsLiB6O10 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P222_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.63 Å. Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.00 Å. There are eight inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. In the seventh B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. In the eighth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.37 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) B–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA’s CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI)

Provide launch opportunities for U.S. CubeSat developers, to enable research in science, exploration, technology development, and education.

Liam Cheney↗
NASA NTRS2016

CubeSat Launch Initiative

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recognizes the tremendous potential that CubeSats (very small satellites) have to inexpensively demonstrate advanced technologies, collect scientific data, and enhance student engagement in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) was created to provide launch opportunities for CubeSats developed by academic institutions, non-profit entities, and NASA centers. This presentation will provide an overview of the CSLI, its benefits, and its results.

CubeSat↗
NASA NTRS2017

CubeSat Launch Initiative Overview and CubeSat 101

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recognizes the tremendous potential that CubeSats (very small satellites) have to inexpensively demonstrate advanced technologies, collect scientific data, and enhance student engagement in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) was created to provide launch opportunities for CubeSats developed by academic institutions, non-profit entities, and NASA centers. This presentation will provide an overview of the CSLI, its benefits, and its results. This presentation will also provide high level CubeSat 101 information for prospective CubeSat developers, describing the development process from concept through mission operations while highlighting key points that developers need to be mindful of.

Launching↗
NASA NTRS2019

NASA's Space Launch System: Deep Space Access for CubeSats

NASA is embarking on a new generation of missions to the Moon, known as the Artemis program. The Agency’s new super heavy-lift launch vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS), is a critical enabling capability for these efforts, which will serve as a proving ground for future crewed expeditions to Mars. SLS is designed to return astronauts to the Moon in the Orion spacecraft and to launch more mass and provide more volume for critical payloads than commercially available vehicles, giving NASA a unique asset for deep space exploration. When performance margin and volume is available, as it is on the first flight, Artemis I (previously Exploration Mission-1), SLS can offer CubeSats access to deep space, beyond Earth’s orbit. The Artemis I flight has 13 6U (14 kg) CubeSats manifested, and the Program is currently accepting proposals for 6U and 12U payloads for the Artemis II flight through the agency’s CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) program. Proposals from U.S.-based payload developers to fly on Artemis II will be accepted through CSLI until November 4, 2019. When ridesharing on SLS deep space missions, CubeSats must demonstrate they will not interfere with primary mission objectives. The 13 Artemis I CubeSats that hail from industry, academia, NASA and its international partners represent an array of exciting deep space science investigations and technology demonstrations that may help inform future Artemis missions. The initial SLS Block 1 vehicle for the Artemis I flight is fully manufactured; several elements are complete and have been delivered to the Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Program at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), which has responsibility for integrating and launching the SLS and Orion stack. Completed elements of the Artemis I vehicle include the Orion Stage Adapter (OSA), which houses the 13 Artemis I CubeSats. With the Artemis I flight hardware and software nearing completion, work is in progress for the second Block 1 launcher, designated for the crewed Artemis II flight. Hardware is being manufactured for every element of the Artemis II vehicle. In this paper, the author will review the status of the Artemis I vehicle and the payloads manifested for the initial flight. Information on the Secondary Payload Deployment System (SPDS) that the SLS Program provides to payload developers will also be included.

Creech, Stephen D.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Shields-1 Dosimetry Measurements in Polar Low Earth Orbit

Shields-1, NORAD ID 43850, has been operating in polar low earth orbit since December 2018 at 85 degrees inclination and an initial altitude of 500 kilometers, beginning in solar minimum activity. It launched with the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) ELaNaXIX mission. Shields-1 has 8 Teledyne dosimeters on board behind different shielding thicknesses. It is a technology demonstration of an atomic number (Z)-grade shielded electronics enclosure, 3 Z-grade shielding samples baselined with 4 aluminum samples having dosimeters behind each sample and inside the electronics enclosure. In addition to the technology demonstration, Shields-1 has been providing scientific dosimetry of energetic particles in the polar low earth orbit space radiation environment.

Shields-1↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Shields-1 Energetic Proton Dose Comparison from Solar Minimum and Active Periods

Shields-1 has been operating in polar low earth orbit since December 2018 as part of the CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa)XIX Mission. Shields-1 has 8 Teledyne µdosimeters behind shielding. These shielded µdosimeters have high minimum proton energy thresholds. The Shields-1 electronics enclosure µdosimeter has a minimum proton threshold energy of 151 MeV. The annualized total ionizing dose (TID) in the electronics enclosure was 75.6 +/- 3.2 RAD from July-August 2019, which was a solar minimum period. In contrast, the annualized TID was 61.0 +/- 2.5 RAD in July 2023, a solar active month. The TID change can be attributed to both the reduction in radiation at the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the decrease in galactic cosmic radiation during increasing solar activity. The measured GCR dose over the poles was reduced during the July 2023 solar active period in comparison with the July 2019 solar minimum period, using the most sensitive µdosimeter channel for the measurement. Shields-1 has demonstrated the capability of measuring the changes in high energy protons in polar low earth orbit during changes in solar activity, which contributes to the understanding of Earth in the heliosphere.

Shields-1 Dosimetry Space Sciences↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Variation in Predicted Orbital Lifetime Due to Launch Year

We present trends in predicted orbital lifetimes of CubeSats based not only on orbital parameters, but also launch year and the Area-to-Mass (AtM) ratio of the CubeSat. Determining the orbital lifetime variation of CubeSats in low-Earth orbit (LEO) is an important aspect of mission planning because of two competing factors: (1) the maximum orbital lifetime for orbital debris mitigation requirements, and (2) the minimum orbit duration necessary to accomplish the spacecraft mission requirements. The orbital lifetime is a function of orbital parameters, the AtM ratio of the CubeSat, and date of orbit insertion. Solar flux varies with time, peaking and declining across the 11-year solar cycle and affecting the amount of atmospheric drag on the CubeSat. This results in large variations in orbital lifetime dependent on the mission's launch date. We calculated the variation of orbital lifetime for multiple commonly used 1U to 6U CubeSat mission types across the two upcoming solar cycles. For any given AtM ratio and altitude combination in this analysis, the predicted orbital lifetime varies up to a factor of five due to orbit insertion occurring in a different year. Some examples of orbital lifetime spreads are 5 months to 2 years, and 1.5 to 7.5 years. While orbital lifetimes correlate to the solar cycle, the phasing of the maximum values varies based on a given AtM ratio and altitude combination. Different combinations of these two factors will result in the maximum predicted orbital lifetime occurring at different launch years throughout the solar cycle. Therefore, there is not a specific year within a solar cycle which can be used to calculate the maximum predicted orbital lifetime for all CubeSats. Since CubeSats are typically flown as a rideshare payload on a launch vehicle, mission planners must account for launch date variation in their orbital lifetime predictions. We recommend calculating orbital lifetime for a range of dates to allow for risk planning due to launch date slips, and other mission planning best practices.

CubeSat↗