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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

A Clustering-Based Scenario Generation Framework for Power Market Simulation with Wind Integration

A critical step in stochastic optimization models of power system analysis is to select a set of appropriate scenarios and significant numbers of scenario generation methods exist in the literature. This paper develops a clustering based scenario generation method, which aims to improve the performance of existing scenario generation techniques by grouping a set of correlated wind sites into clusters according to their cross-correlations. Copula based models are utilized to model spatiotemporal correlations and the Gibbs sampling is then used to generate scenarios for day-ahead markets. Our results show that the generated scenarios based on clustered wind sites outperform existing approaches in terms of reliability and sharpness and can reduce the total computational time for scenario generation and reduction significantly. The clustering-based framework can therefore provide a better support for real-world market simulations with high wind penetration.

data visualization↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantification of storage required for preserving frequency security in wind‐integrated systems

Abstract The penetration of wind power generation into the power grid has been accelerated in recent times due to the aggressive emission targets set by governments and other regulatory authorities. Although wind power has the advantage of being environment‐friendly, wind as a resource is intermittent in nature. In addition, wind power contributes little inertia to the system as most wind turbines are connected to the grid via power electronic converters. These negative aspects of wind power pose serious challenges to the frequency security of power systems as penetration increases. In this work, an approach is proposed where an energy storage system (ESS) is used to mitigate frequency security issues of wind‐integrated systems. ESSs are well equipped to supply virtual inertia to the grid due to their fast‐acting nature, thus replenishing some of the energy storage capability of displaced inertial generation. In this work, a probabilistic approach is proposed to estimate the amount of inertia required by a system to ensure frequency security. Reduction in total system inertia due to the displacement of conventional synchronous generation by wind power generation is considered in this approach, while also taking into account the loss of inertia due to forced outages of conventional units. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for implementing the probabilistic estimation of system inertia. An ESS is then sized appropriately, using the system swing equation, to compensate for the lost inertia. The uncertainty associated with wind energy is modeled into the framework using an autoregressive moving average technique. Effects of increasing the system peak load and changing the wind profile on the expected system inertia are studied to illustrate various factors that might affect system frequency security. The proposed method is validated using the IEEE 39‐bus test system.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

EMT and Phasor-Domain Co-simulation of a Low Frequency AC Transmission System for Offshore Wind Integration

This work investigates system level interactions of multi-terminal low frequency high-voltage alternating current (LF-HVac) system using back-to back converters and grid-level 60 Hz system. A co-simulation framework by integrating high- fidelity dynamic model of multi-terminal LF-HVac system in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation platform and phasor model of IEEE 39 bus system in transient-stability (phasor) program. The co-simulation framework for multi-terminal LF- HVac system with offshore wind integrated in a bulk power system is developed successfully and its steady state and dynamic operation is demonstrated and compared with EMT simulation. The co-simulation results show accurate representation of the dynamic responses with reduced computation burden and time compared to EMT platform.

low-frequency transmission, co-simulation, electro↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hybrid geothermal-wind integration in the US energy grid

Here, we combine US wind generation—a cheap yet intermittent source of electricity—with the latest geothermal resource estimates to understand the technoeconomic possibilities of pairing enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) with existing wind farms to develop a hybrid energy system. Using observed generation data from 583 wind farms, generation gaps are quantified and geographically paired with the latest EGS estimates. Results demonstrate that EGS potential within a 1 km 2 footprint can supplement wind generation at 56% of onshore wind farms. Each wind farm can be supplemented by EGSs when 10% of its surface-occupying footprint is available. The cost of EGSs at wind farms is lowest in the western US and southern Texas border and highest in the central US. While further experiments are warranted, a wind + EGS hybrid system offers an opportunity to increase power output from the same land footprint while maximizing the use of existing electrical infrastructure.

EGS↗
DOE OSTI2023

WIND Toolkit Raw Data Reformatted

Wind Integration National Dataset Toolkit The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit is an update and expansion of the Eastern Wind Integration Data Set and Western Wind Integration Data Set. It supports the next generation of wind integration studies.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Wind Systems Integration Workshop

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) Wind Systems Integration Workshop was held to facilitate an exchange of information and to solicit feedback to inform WETO’s near- to mid-term research priorities and to accelerate near-term, rapid deployment and integration of wind technologies at both the transmission and distribution levels. Workshop participants identified key research challenges and opportunities for grid services, power electronics, modeling and decision-support tools, transmission and distribution system coordination, and applying energy equity principles to wind grid integration research.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

WISDEM® v3.4.1(Wind Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model) [SWR-14-05]

The Wind Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM®) is a set of models for assessing overall wind plant cost of energy (COE). The models use wind turbine and plant cost and energy production as well as financial models to estimate COE and other wind plant system attributes. WISDEM® is accessed through Python, is built using OpenMDAO, and uses several sub-models that are also implemented within OpenMDAO. These sub-models can be used independently but they are required to use the overall WISDEM® turbine design capability. Please install all of the pre-requisites prior to installing WISDEM® by following the directions below. For additional information about the NWTC effort in systems engineering that supports WISDEM® development, please visit the official NREL systems engineering for wind energy website. https://www.nlr.gov/wind/systems-engineering

Dykes, Katherine↗
DOE OSTI2024

WISDEM® v3.15.2 2024 (Wind-Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model) [SWR-14-05]

The Wind-Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM®) is a set of models for assessing overall wind plant cost of energy (COE). The models use wind turbine and plant cost and energy production as well as financial models to estimate COE and other wind plant system attributes. WISDEM® is accessed through Python, is built using OpenMDAO, and uses several sub-models that are also implemented within OpenMDAO. These sub-models can be used independently but they are required to use the overall WISDEM® turbine design capability. Please install all of the pre-requisites prior to installing WISDEM® by following the directions below. For additional information about the NWTC effort in systems engineering that supports WISDEM® development, please visit the official NREL systems engineering for wind energy website. https://www.nrel.gov/wind/systems-engineering.html

Dykes, Katherine↗
DOE OSTI2024

OSW Consortium 2 - Validated National Offshore Wind Resource Dataset with Uncertainty Quantification (CRADA Report)

This research has led to the development of the 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23), which offers the latest wind resource information for offshore regions in the United States. NOW-23 supersedes, for its offshore component, the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, which was published a decade ago and is currently a primary resource for wind resource assessments and grid integration studies in the contiguous United States. By incorporating advancements in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, NOW-23 delivers an updated and cutting-edge product to stakeholders. As part of this project, we also developed a summary of the uncertainty quantification in NOW-23, along with NOW-WAKES, a 1-year post-construction data set that quantifies expected offshore wake effects in the US Mid-Atlantic lease areas. Stakeholders can access the NOW-23 data set at https://doi.org/10.25984/1821404.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

The 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23)

Abstract. This article introduces the 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23), which offers the latest wind resource information for offshore regions in the United States. NOW-23 supersedes, for its offshore component, the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, which was published a decade ago and is currently a primary resource for wind resource assessments and grid integration studies in the contiguous United States. By incorporating advancements in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, NOW-23 delivers an updated and cutting-edge product to stakeholders. In this article, we present the new data set which underwent regional tuning and performance validation against available observations and has data available from 2000 through, depending on the region, 2019–2022. We also provide a summary of the uncertainty quantification in NOW-23, along with NOW-WAKES, a 1-year post-construction data set that quantifies expected offshore wake effects in the US Mid-Atlantic lease areas. Stakeholders can access the NOW-23 data set at https://doi.org/10.25984/1821404 (Bodini et al., 2020).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Integrated floating wind farm layout design and mooring system optimization to increase annual energy production

As we cluster wind turbines in wind farms to gain energy from sites with high wind speeds, wake losses occur within the wind farm. Wake loss is a term used to describe the lower energy production of a downwind turbine that is totally or partially in the wake of an upwind turbine. To decrease wake losses inside the wind farm, the wind farm’s layout is optimized. However, a variety of factors constrain the wind farm layout optimization, such as the size of the lease area relative to the number of turbines to be placed, or the shape of the lease area. Therefore, many wind farms end up with a regular grid layout, such as the Horns Rev 1 wind farm in the North Sea. The ability of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) to change its position based on the wind direction and its mooring system design presents an opportunity to further decrease wake losses in floating wind farms. In this work, we integrate the design of the FOWT mooring systems with the floating wind farm layout design with the goal of increasing the farm’s annual energy production. We use the Horns Rev 1 wind farm as a case study to demonstrate our method. The results show that allowing the FOWT to relocate can decrease wake losses up to 18%. Moreover, the newly developed mooring systems are less stiff and therefore allow larger motion of the FOWT; hence, the material cost of the mooring system decreases by an estimated 17%.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cybersecurity for Distributed Wind: What Integrators Need to Know

Few resources exist to address a growing need to secure distributed wind systems. Idaho National Laboratory recently published the Cybersecurity Guide for Distributed Wind, a richly detailed resource outlining a distributed wind system's possible architecture, relevant standards, risk management strategies, and key recommendations for stakeholders. This document highlights key actionable insights from the Guide that integrators can use to execute an effective cybersecurity strategy.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Beyond Price-Taker: Multiscale Optimization of a Wind-Battery Integrated Energy System within the Wholesale Electricity Market

This work presents the optimization of a wind-battery IES using the multiscale optimization framework proposed in our previous work to quantify errors from the price-taker assumption. The framework, built over Prescient (an open-source package for solving production cost models), is applied to the RTS-GMLC dataset, an open-source dataset that is representative of the southwest U.S. wholesale electricity market. The framework provides detailed bidding, market clearing, and control processes of an IES, and it can quantify how the IES interacts with the market. In this work, we use the retrofit of a wind farm with a battery storage system as an example to show the difference in the market outcomes and revenues obtained from both price-taker and multiscale optimization approaches. Our work goes beyond price-taker and deep dives into quantifying IES-market interaction in optimizing IES. This framework enables users to explore how different design and operation decisions of energy systems interact with the market and provides a more accurate evaluation than the price-taker assumption.

Chen, Xinhe↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design and Operation of Energy Systems with Large Amounts of Variable Generation: IEA Wind TCP Task 25 (Final Summary Report)

This report summarizes findings on wind integration from the 17 countries or sponsors participating in the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Program (IEA Wind TCP) Task 25 from 2006-2020. Both real experience and studies are reported. Many wind integration studies incorporate solar energy, and most of the results discussed here are valid for other variable renewables in addition to wind. The national case studies address several impacts of wind power on electric power systems. In this report, they are grouped under long-term planning issues and short-term operational impacts. Long-term planning issues include grid planning and capacity adequacy. Short-term operational impacts include reliability, stability, reserves, and maximizing the value of wind in operational timescales (balancing related issues). The first section presents the variability and uncertainty of power system-wide wind power, and the last section presents recent studies toward 100% shares of renewables. The appendix provides a summary of ongoing research in the national projects contributing to Task 25 for 2021-2024. The design and operation of power and energy systems is an evolving field. As ambitious targets toward net-zero carbon energy systems are announced globally, many scenarios are being made regarding how to reach these future decarbonized energy systems, most of them involving large amounts of variable renewables, mainly wind and solar energy. The secure operation of power systems is increasingly challenging, and the impacts of variable renewables, new electrification loads together with increased distribution system resources will lead to somewhat different challenges for different systems. Tools and methods to study future power and energy systems also need to evolve, and both short-term operational aspects (such as power system stability) and long-term aspects (such as resource adequacy) will probably see new paradigms of operation and design. The experience of operating and planning systems with large amounts of variable generation is accumulating, and research to tackle the challenges of inverter-based, nonsynchronous generation is on the way. Energy transition and digitalization also bring new flexibility opportunities, both short and long term.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Offshore Wind Resource Assessment for the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf (2020)

This report presents a state-of-the-art wind resource data set produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). This data set replaces NREL's Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit for the California OCS, which was produced and released publicly in 2013 and is currently the principal data set used by stakeholders for wind resource assessment in the continental United States.

17 WIND ENERGY↗