Hierarchically structured MoO 2 /dopamine-derived carbon spheres as intercalation electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Norouzi, N.; Averianov, T.; Kuang, J.; Bock, D. C.; Yan, S.; Wang, L.; Takeuchi, K. J.; Takeuchi, E. S.; Marschilok, A. C.; Pomerantseva, E.

doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100783

DOE OSTI · 1865647

Hierarchically structured MoO 2 /dopamine-derived carbon spheres as intercalation electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Norouzi, N.·Averianov, T.·Kuang, J.·Bock, D. C.·Yan, S.·Wang, L.·Takeuchi, K. J.·Takeuchi, E. S.·Marschilok, A. C.·Pomerantseva, E.

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Abstract

A hydrogen peroxide initiated sol-gel process involving molybdenum transformation in the presence of dopamine (Dopa) hydrochloride excess produced the metastable precipitate composed of polydopamine (PDopa) spheres coated with Dopa preintercalated molybdenum oxide, (Dopa) x MoO y @PDopa. The hydrothermal treatment (HT) of the (Dopa) x MoO y @PDopa precursor resulted in the simultaneous carbonization of Dopa and molybdenum reduction generating MoO 2 nanoplatelets distributed and confined on the surface of the Dopa-derived carbon matrix (HT-MoO 2 /C). The consecutive annealing (An) of the HT-MoO 2 /C sample at 600 °C under Ar atmosphere led to the formation of MoO 2 with increased Mo oxidation state and improved structural stability (AnHT-MoO 2 /C). Annealing had also further facilitated interaction between the molybdenum-derived and Dopa-derived components resulting in the modification of the carbon matrix confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Morphology of both materials is best described as Dopa-derived carbon spheres decorated with MoO 2 nanoplatelets. These integrated metal oxide and carbon structures were tested as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries in the potential window that corresponds to the intercalation mechanism of charge storage. The AnHT-MoO 2 /C electrode showed enhanced electrochemical activity, with an initial specific discharge capacity of 260 mAh/g and capacity retention of 67% after 50 cycles, compared to the HT-MoO 2 /C electrode which exhibited an initial specific discharge capacity of 235 mAh g –1 and capacity retention of 47% after 50 cycles. The rate capability experiments revealed that the capacity of 93 mAh/g and 120 mAh/g was delivered by the HT-MoO 2 /C and AnHT-MoO 2 /C electrodes, respectively, when the current density was increased to 100 mA/g. Here, the improved specific capacity, electrochemical stability, and rate capability achieved after annealing were attributed to higher crystallinity of MoO 2 , increased oxidation state of Mo, and formation of the tighter MoO 2 /carbon contact accompanied by the annealing assisted interaction between MoO 2 and Dopa-derived carbon.

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25 ENERGY STORAGE Dopamine-derived carbon Electrodes Hierarchical structures Li-ion batteries MoO2 dopamine-derived carbon electrodes hierarchical structures

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Norouzi, N., Averianov, T., Kuang, J., Bock, D. C., Yan, S., Wang, L., Takeuchi, K. J., Takeuchi, E. S., Marschilok, A. C., Pomerantseva, E.. 2022-02-18. Hierarchically structured MoO 2 /dopamine-derived carbon spheres as intercalation electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100783

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