Search NASA⌕ Search
Home/Archive/DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI · 2447456

Performance Specifications for Grid-Forming Technologies

Ramasubramanian, Deepak·Kroposki, Benjamin·Dhople, Sairaj·Gross, Dominic·Hoke, Anderson (ORCID:0000000267917812)·Wang, Wenzong·Shah, Shahil (ORCID:0000000230532863)·Hart, Philip·Seo, Gab-Su·Ropp, Michael·Du, Wei·Vittal, Vijay·Ayyanar, Raja·Flicker, Jack·Benzaquen, Joseph·Johnson, Brian·Arsuaga, Pedro·Achilles, Sebastian·Pant, Siddharth·Bhattarai, Rojan·Howard, Dustin·Gong, Maozhong·Divan, Deepak·Tuoh, Aidan
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Standards and specifications for inverter-based resources (IBRs) focus primarily on grid-following (GFL) technologies at present. Therefore, these may generally not be appropriate for application in power systems to ensure acceptable operation with grid-forming (GFM) technologies. In some cases, the direct application of prevailing standards and specifications may not be appropriate for - or may even inadvertently limit the potential of - GFM resources. The Universal Interoperability for Grid- Forming Inverters (UNIFI) Consortium is a U.S. Department of Energy funded effort to advance GFM technology. The UNIFI team brings together academic, industrial, and national-lab researchers as well as industry stakeholders (utilities, system operators, vendors) to collaboratively pursue advances in a broad range of GFM technologies. This paper introduces a set of system- and unit-level specifications driven by consensus across the UNIFI project team. These are intended to seamlessly integrate GFM technologies at any scale into power-systems operation and control in a vendor-agnostic manner. A suite of illustrative simulation results that demonstrate the application of and adherence to the proposed specifications are included.

Explore related subjects

grid-forming inverterPOWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTIONrenewable integrationstability

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Ramasubramanian, Deepak, Kroposki, Benjamin, Dhople, Sairaj, Gross, Dominic, Hoke, Anderson (ORCID:0000000267917812), Wang, Wenzong, Shah, Shahil (ORCID:0000000230532863), Hart, Philip, Seo, Gab-Su, Ropp, Michael, Du, Wei, Vittal, Vijay, Ayyanar, Raja, Flicker, Jack, Benzaquen, Joseph, Johnson, Brian, Arsuaga, Pedro, Achilles, Sebastian, Pant, Siddharth, Bhattarai, Rojan, Howard, Dustin, Gong, Maozhong, Divan, Deepak, Tuoh, Aidan. 2023-09-25. Performance Specifications for Grid-Forming Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm52003.2023.10253440

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

DOE OSTI2024

Development of a Practical Secondary Control for Hardware Microgrids

Practical, vendor-agnostic interoperability guidelines for the secondary control architecture of microgrids (MGs) with multiple grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) have not yet been developed. Therefore, this paper proposes a generic and vendor-agnostic secondary control architecture that operates with all GFM IBRs and synchronous generators. This secondary control does not require the use of additional measurement devices in the MG and utilizes the inherent communication systems of the GFM units, such as Modbus TCP/IP. The practical challenges of Modbus registers, such as packet loss and quantization error, and their detrimental impacts on secondary control actions are investigated. The proposed three-stage modification for any secondary control architecture to mitigate these impacts includes: 1) averaging the data read, 2) situational event-triggering of the controller, and 3) finite iteration of the controlling action. The proposed method is validated using a three-phase electric power, 480 V, 60 Hz, 500 kVA laboratory hardware microgrid with commercial two GFM IBRs and one diesel generator. The experimental results corroborates the fact the proposed modification in the secondary control architecture is advantageous for practical usage under erroneous measurements.

grid-forming inverter↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design of Zone-Based Hierarchical Protection System for 100% Renewable Microgrids

Design of a reliable and secure protection system for a 100% renewable microgrid with only inverter-based resources (IBRs), is quite challenging. Most of the existing protection schemes in the state-of-the-art are suitable for microgrids with mixed-type of distributed energy resources (DERs) that covers both rotating machine-based DERs as well as IBR-based DERs, where the fault current level is moderately high. Due to drastic reduction in fault current level based on mode of operation and the variation of the low fault current level based on the operating level of the IBRs, the existing protection schemes face critical challenges, in case of a 100% renewable microgrid. This article proposes a zone-based hierarchical protection scheme that partitions a microgrid into various zones-of-protection and assigns speed-based hierarchical protection schemes in order to address the fundamental challenges of such microgrids. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using time-domain simulation study on a microgrid test system. The results corroborates that the proposed hierarchical zone-based protection scheme exhibits enhanced reliability, security and dependability while tested with various fault cases (fault types, locations, and impedances), and non-fault cases during both grid-tied and islanded mode.

grid-forming inverter↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design of Zone-Based Hierarchical Protection System for 100% Renewable Microgrids: Preprint

Design of a reliable and secure protection system for a 100% renewable microgrid with only inverter-based resources (IBRs), is quite challenging. Most of the existing protection schemes in the state-of-the-art are suitable for microgrids with mixed-type of distributed energy resources (DERs) that covers both rotating machine-based DERs as well as IBR-based DERs, where the fault current level is moderately high. Due to drastic reduction in fault current level based on mode of operation and the variation of the low fault current level based on the operating level of the IBRs, the existing protection schemes face critical challenges, in case of a 100% renewable microgrid. This article proposes a zone-based hierarchical protection scheme that partitions a microgrid into various zones-of-protection and assigns speed-based hierarchical protection schemes in order to address the fundamental challenges of such microgrids. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using time-domain simulation study on a microgrid test system. The results corroborates that the proposed hierarchical zone-based protection scheme exhibits enhanced reliability, security and dependability while tested with various fault cases (fault types, locations, and impedances), and non-fault cases during both grid-tied and islanded mode.

grid-forming inverter↗